Downsizing of supermassive black holes from the SDSS quasar survey (II). Extension to z~4

Starting from the quasar sample of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) for which the CIV line is observed, we use an analysis scheme to derive the z-dependence of the maximum mass of active black holes, which overcomes the problems related to the Malmquist bias. The same procedure is applied to the low redshift sample of SDSS quasars for which Hbeta measurements are available. Combining with the results from the previously studied MgII sample, we find that the maximum mass of the quasar population increases as (1+z)^(1.64+/-0.04) in the redshift range 0.1<z<4, which includes the epoch of maximum quasar activity.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figures. To appear in MNRA

The BH mass of nearby QSOs: a comparison of the bulge luminosity and virial methods

We report on the analysis of the photometric and spectroscopic properties of a sample of 29 low redshift (z<0.6) QSOs for which both HST WFPC2 images and ultraviolet HST FOS spectra are available. For each object we measure the R band absolute magnitude of the host galaxy, the CIV (1550A) line width and the 1350A continuum luminosity. From these quantities we can estimate the black hole (BH) mass through the M(BH)-L(bulge) relation for inactive galaxies, and from the virial method based on the kinematics of the regions emitting the broad lines. The comparison of the masses derived from the two methods yields information on the geometry of the gas emitting regions bound to the massive BH. The cumulative distribution of the line widths is consistent with that produced by matter laying in planes with inclinations uniformly distributed between 10 and 50 deg, which corresponds to a geometrical factor f=1.3. Our results are compared with those of the literature and discussed within the unified model of AGN.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures. To appear in MNRA

When are Debtors and Creditors Bound to the Provisions of Confirmed Reorganization Plans?

(Excerpt) Generally, when a debtor files for protection under chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code (the “Bankruptcy Code”), a plan of reorganization is filed at some point with the bankruptcy court. The court then holds a hearing to determine whether the judge will confirm the reorganization plan. The judge will confirm the plan if it meets the criteria of Section 1129 of the Bankruptcy Code, which requires, among other things, that any payments made in connection with the plan are reasonable. A plan of reorganization is a significant component of a debtor’s emergence from bankruptcy, as it affects the rights of the debtor and its creditors by binding both debtors and creditors to the provisions of the plan, whether or not all of the creditors have accepted the plan. In In re Relativity Fashion, LLC, the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York held that Netflix was not permitted to stream certain films before they were theatrically released because the debtors\u27 confirmed reorganization plan contemplated the theatrical release of the movies prior to Netflix’s streaming. The debtors’ anticipated release of the films yielded specific financial projections and was a critical factor in the court’s determination that the plan was feasible as required by the Bankruptcy Code. The court concluded that the provisions of the confirmed reorganization plan were binding on the debtors and creditors, restraining Netflix from releasing the films. This holding illustrates the notion that a court will generally enforce reorganization plans that have been previously confirmed absent an extreme circumstance. What process does the court use to determine whether debtors and creditors are bound to a reorganization plan? This memorandum will examine this question by considering two main inquiries that courts explore before deciding whether the parties must abide by a plan’s provisions. Part I analyzes the doctrine of res judicata and its application to the validity of subsequent actions that challenge a reorganization plan. Part II examines the effect of an independent judgment on the effectiveness and enforceability of a reorganization plan

The quasar M_bh - M_host relation through Cosmic Time II - Evidence for evolution from z=3 to the present age

We study the dependence of the M_bh - M_host relation on the redshift up to z=3 for a sample of 96 quasars the host galaxy luminosities of which are known. Black hole masses were estimated assuming virial equilibrium in the broad line regions (Paper I), while the host galaxy masses were inferred from their luminosities. With this data we are able to pin down the redshift dependence of the M_bh - M_host relation along 85 per cent of the Universe age. We show that, in the sampled redshift range, the M_bh - L_host relation remains nearly unchanged. Once we take into account the aging of the stellar population, we find that the M_bh / M_host ratio (Gamma) increases by a factor ~7 from z=0 to z=3. We show that Gamma evolves with z regardless of the radio loudness and of the quasar luminosity. We propose that most massive black holes, living their quasar phase at high-redshift, become extremely rare objects in host galaxies of similar mass in the Local Universe.Comment: 10 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables. Accepted for publication in MNRA

The quasar M_bh - M_host relation through Cosmic Time I - Dataset and black hole masses

We study the M_bh - M_host relation as a function of Cosmic Time in a sample of 96 quasars from z=3 to the present epoch. In this paper we describe the sample, the data sources and the new spectroscopic observations. We then illustrate how we derive M_bh from single-epoch spectra, pointing out the uncertainties in the procedure. In a companion paper, we address the dependence of the ratio between the black hole mass and the host galaxy luminosity and mass on Cosmic Time.Comment: 16 pages, 6 figures, 5 tables. Accepted for publication in MNRA

The NIR to UV continuum of radio loud vs. radio quiet quasars

Starting from a sample of SDSS quasars appearing also in the 2MASS survey, we study the continuum properties of about 1000 objects observed in 8 bands, from NIR to UV. We construct the mean spectral energy distribution (SED) and compare and contrast the continua of radio loud (RLQ) and radio quiet (RQQ) objects. The SEDs of the two populations are significantly different in the sense that RLQs are redder, with power law spectral indices =-0.55+/-0.04 and =-0.31+/-0.01 in the spectral range between 10^14.5 and 10^15.35 Hz. This difference is discussed in terms of different extinctions, different disc temperatures, or slopes of the non-thermal component.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures. To appear in MNRA

ANALISIS PERSEPSI PEMANFAATAN DAN PENERIMAAN TEKNOLOGI BERBASIS CYBER LEARNING MENGGUNAKAN KERANGKA UTAUT 2 PADA DOSEN DAN MAHASISWA UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK SOEGIJAPRANATA SEMARANG

Adanya revolusi industri 4.0 dan liberalisasi di sektor pendidikan mendisrupsi berbagai aktivitas manusia termasuk di bidang IPTEK dan pendidikan tinggi, sehingga memunculkan tantangan untuk menciptakan model pembelajaran inovatif, efektif dan efisien yang dapat menjangkau diseluruh pelosok negeri, contohnya sistem pembelajaran online (e-learning). Pemanfaatan e-learning menjadi sangat dibutuhkan sejak adanya pandemik covid-19 yang menyerang 39 negara didunia termasuk Indonesia, dan Mendikbud Nadiem Makarim mengeluarkan surat edaran untuk pemberhentian pembelajaran tatap muka dan menggantinya dengan pembelajaran online, sehingga mendorong para guru, dosen, siswa, dan mahasiswa untuk mampu menyesuaikan terkait dengan perubahan tersebut, termasuk Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata Semarang yang mengembangkan sistem e-learning yaitu cyber learning. Survei yang dilakukan pada 50 mahasiswa Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata Semarang, mengungkapkan bahwa sebanyal 45,4% responden tidak berniat dan berencana untuk selalu menggunakan cyber learning dalam proses perkuliahan, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa aplikasi cyber learning belum digunakan secara maksimal, atau memungkinkan masih menggunakan aplikasi lain. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan non-probability samplimg dengan teknik purposive sampling, diperoleh sebanyak 387 sampel. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi dan kuesioner. Metode analisis data menggunakan analisis regresi linear dengan menggunakan alat bantu analisis program IBM SPSS versi 23. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa ekspektasi kinerja, pengaruh sosial, dan kebiasaan berpengaruh signifikan pada niat penggunaan cyber learning, sedangkan ekspektasi usaha, nilai harga, kondisi pendukung, dan motivasi hedonis tidak berpengaruh signifikan pada niat penggunaan cyber learning dosen dan mahasiswa. Penelitian selanjutnya disarankan untuk kedepannya bagi dosen dan mahasiswa dapat lebih memanfaatkan cyber learning disetiap fakultas dengan lebih sering menggunakannya dalam proses perkuliahan. Selain itu, sebagai upaya untuk mendukung proses pembelajaran secara daring (online) bagi Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata Semarang dapat memberikan penyuluhan tentang aplikasi tersebut, memberikan kemudahan dalam akses/penggunaan cyber learning seperti dapat diakses melalui handphone dalam bentuk aplikasi, memberikan kuota gratis/subsidi kuota untuk dosen maupun mahasisw

On the geometry of broad emission region in quasars

We study the geometry of the Hbeta broad emission region by comparing the M_BH values derived from Hbeta through the virial relation with those obtained from the host galaxy luminosity in a sample of 36 low redshift (z around 0.3) quasars. This comparison lets us infer the geometrical factor f needed to de-project the line-of-sight velocity component of the emitting gas. The wide range of f values we found, together with the strong dependence of f on the observed line width, suggests that a disc-like model for the broad line region is preferable to an isotropic model, both for radio loud and radio quiet quasars. We examined similar observations of the CIV line and found no correlation in the width of the two lines. Our results indicate that an inflated disc broad line region, in which the Carbon line is emitted in a flat disc while Hbeta is produced in a geometrically thick region, can account for the observed differences in the width and shape of the two emission lines.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRA

PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR ELEKTRONIK LEMBAR KERJA PESERTA DIDIK (E-LKPD) INTERAKTIF PADA PEMBELAJARAN PAI DI SMAN 113 JAKARTA

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) Menganalisis kebutuhan bahan ajar pada pembelajaran PAI, (2) Merancang desain model bahan ajar E-LKPD interaktif pada pembelajaran PAI, (3) Membuat dan mengembangkan produk berupa bahan ajar E-LKPD interaktif pada pembelajaran PAI, (4) Mengimplementasikan bahan ajar E-LKPD interaktif pada pembelajaran PAI, (5) Mengevaluasi produk bahan ajar E-LKPD interaktif pada pembelajaran PAI. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Research and Development (R&D) dengan model ADDIE. Tahap analyze, melakukan tahap awal untuk mengetahui kebutuhan dan masalah dalam pembelajaran. Tahap design, tahap merancang model bahan ajar. Tahap development adalah tahap pengembangan E-LKPD dengan melakukan proses validasi oleh para ahli. Tahap implementation, peserta didik dan guru melakukan uji coba untuk mengetahui respon terhadap bahan ajar E-LKPD dengan mengisi angket. Tahap evaluation, mengevaluasi dan merevisi bahan ajar sesuai data para ahli serta data guru dan peserta didik. Subjek pada penelitian adalah peserta didik kelas X SMA Negeri 113 Jakarta. Teknik analisis data menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penilaian bahan ajar mendapatkan skor sangat baik dengan deskripsi skor dari ahli materi sebesar 96,25%, ahli media sebesar 92,38%, dan ahli bahasa sebesar 94%. Hasil uji coba kepada peserta didik mendapat skor 92,4% dan dari guru pertama mendapat skor 88,8% sedangkan guru kedua 92,2%, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahan ajar E-LKPD mendapat kategori sangat baik dan layak digunakan. This study aims to find out: (1) Analyze the needs of teaching materials in PAI learning, (2) Design a model design of interactive E-LKPD teaching materials in PAI learning, (3) Create and develop products in the form of interactive E-LKPD teaching materials in PAI learning , (4) Implement interactive E-LKPD teaching materials for PAI learning, (5) Evaluate interactive E-LKPD teaching material products for PAI learning. This type of research is Research and Development (R&D) with the ADDIE model. The analyze phase is carried out in the early stages to find out the needs and problems in learning. The design stage, the stage of designing the teaching material model. The development stage is the stage of developing the E-LKPD by carrying out a validation process by experts. In the implementation stage, students and teachers conduct trials to find out responses to E-LKPD teaching materials by filling out a questionnaire. The evaluation stage evaluates and revises teaching materials according to expert data as well as teacher and student data. The subjects in the study were students of class X SMA Negeri 113 Jakarta. Data analysis techniques using descriptive qualitative and quantitative. The results showed that the assessment of teaching materials got a very good score with a score description of material experts at 96.25%, media experts at 92.38%, and linguists at 94%. The test results for students got a score of 92.4% and the first teacher got a score of 88.8% while the second teacher got 92.2%, so it can be concluded that the E-LKPD teaching materials are in a very good category and are suitable for use