NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans – anteaters, sloths, and armadillos – have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with 24 domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, ten anteaters, and six sloths. Our dataset includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data-paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the south of the USA, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to its austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n=5,941), and Cyclopes sp. has the fewest (n=240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n=11,588), and the least recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n=33). With regards to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n=962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n=12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other datasets of Neotropical Series which will become available very soon (i.e. Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans dataset

Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry.

BACKGROUND: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012-2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P < 0.001). Diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) were prevalent in 36.2% and 28.1% of patients as compared with global prevalence of 22.2% and 21.6%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). Antiplatelet therapy was the most common antithrombotic treatment in India. With increasing stroke risk, however, patients were more likely to receive oral anticoagulant therapy [mainly vitamin K antagonist (VKA)], but average international normalized ratio (INR) was lower among Indian patients [median INR value 1.6 (interquartile range {IQR}: 1.3-2.3) versus 2.3 (IQR 1.8-2.8) (P < 0.001)]. Compared with other countries, patients from India had markedly higher rates of all-cause mortality [7.68 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 6.32-9.35) vs 4.34 (4.16-4.53), P < 0.0001], while rates of stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding were lower after 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Compared to previously published registries from India, the GARFIELD-AF registry describes clinical profiles and outcomes in Indian patients with AF of a different etiology. The registry data show that compared to the rest of the world, Indian AF patients are younger in age and have more diabetes and CAD. Patients with a higher stroke risk are more likely to receive anticoagulation therapy with VKA but are underdosed compared with the global average in the GARFIELD-AF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362

Performance and carcass traits of Nellore and Red Norte steers finished in feedlot Desempenho e características de carcaça de novilhos das raças Nelore e Red Norte terminados em confinamento

The objective of this work was to evaluate average daily gain (ADG) and carcass traits in Nellore and Red Norte steers, finished in feedlots and to evaluate performance predictions by using the systems BR-CORTE, CNCPS 5.0 and NRC (2000). It was used 41 steers: 19 Nelore animals with initial body weight of 361 ± 31 kg and 22 Red Norte animals with initial body weight of 367 ± 30 kg. Adaptation period lasted 28 days. Animal performance evaluation was composed of three 28 day period, totaling 84 days. At the end of each period, animals were weighed after a 16-hour feeding fast. Average gain weight of Red Norte steers was greater than Nellore breed animals (1.43 vs. 1.81 kg/day, respectively). Red Norte animals also presented greater loin eye area (75.41 cm² vs. 68.67 cm²). It was not observed any differences on subcutaneous fat thickness and on rump fat among the genetic groups. None of the nutritional requirement system evaluated were efficient in predicting animal performance. For Nellore breed, daily average gain observed was 1.53kg/day, with values of 1.53, 1.70 and 1.82 kg/day predicted by NRC, CNCPS and BR-CORTE systems. Although average values and predicted by NRC were similar, according to the regression equation, intercept and inclination were different from zero and one. For Red Norte breed, performance observed was 1.88 kg/day with values of 1.50, 1.66 and 1.72 predicted by the systems NRC, CNCPS and BR-CORTE, probably because database of those systems is based mainly on results obtained from Angus bovines.<br>Objetivou-se avaliar o ganho médio diário (GMD) e as características de carcaça em novilhos das raças Nelore e Red Norte, não-castrados, terminados em confinamento e avaliar as predições do desempenho pelos sistemas CNCPS 5.0, NRC (2000) e BR-CORTE. Utilizaram-se 41 novilhos: 19 do grupo Nelore com peso vivo inicial de 361 ± 31 kg e 22 do grupo Red Norte com peso vivo inicial de 367 ± 30 kg. O período de adaptação teve duração de 28 dias. A avaliação do desempenho animal foi composta de três períodos de 28 dias, totalizando 84 dias. Ao final de cada período, realizou-se a pesagem dos animais após jejum alimentar de 16 horas. Na raça Red Norte, o ganho médio diário foi superior ao da raça Nelore (1,81 vs. 1,43 kg/dia). Os animais da raça Red Norte apresentaram também maior área de olho-de-lombo (75,41 cm² vs. 68,67 cm²). Não foi observada diferença nas espessuras de gordura subcutânea e de gordura na garupa entre os grupos genéticos. Nenhum dos sistemas de exigências nutricionais avaliados foram eficientes para a predição do desempenho animal. Na raça Nelore, o ganho médio diário observado foi de 1,53 kg/dia, com valores preditos de 1,53; 1,70 e 1,82 kg/dia pelos sistemas NRC, CNCPS e BR-CORTE. Apesar de os valores médio e preditos pelo sistema NRC terem sido semelhantes, de acordo com a equação de regressão, o intercepto e a inclinação foram diferentes de zero e um. Na raça Red Norte, o desempenho observado foi de 1,88 kg/dia com valores preditos de 1,50; 1,66 e 1,72 kg/dia pelos sistemas NRC, CNCPS e BR-CORTE, provavelmente porque o banco de dados desses sistemas é baseado principalmente em resultados obtidos em bovinos Angus

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data