Axillary treatment for operable primary breast cancer

Axillary surgery is an established part of the management of primary breast cancer. It provides staging information to guide adjuvant therapy and potentially local control of axillary disease. Several alternative approaches to axillary surgery are available, most of which aim to spare a proportion of women the morbidity of complete axillary dissection

Functional Substitution by TAT-Utrophin in Dystrophin-Deficient Mice

James Ervasti and colleagues show that injection of a truncated form of utrophin transduced all tissues examined, integrated with members of the dystrophin complex, and reduced serum levels of creatine kinase in a mouse model of muscular dystrophy

Canine classical seminoma: a specific malignant type with human classifications is highly correlated with tumor angiogenesis

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Human seminoma is classified as classical seminoma (SE) and spermatocytic seminoma (SS). Human SE is known to be more malignant and metastasizing more frequently than SS. Tumor angiogenesis is highly related with tumor progression and metastasis, with microvessel density (MVD) being an important parameter of metastatic potential. Canine seminoma is not yet well-established as SE or SS type including correlation with angiogenesis. We classified canine SE and SS, and then compared them to tumor associated vessels.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Twenty-three cases of canine seminomas (2 intratubular, 9 diffuse, and 12 intratubular/diffuse seminomas showing both intratubular and diffuse patterns) were classified as SE or SS by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using monoclonal antibody against PLAP and by PAS stain. The histopathological data were then compared to see if there was a correlation with SE or SS. Angiogenesis of seminomas were evaluated by immunohistochemical assay using polyclonal antibody against Von Willebrand factor (vWF) and by calculating the means of MVD, vessels area and perimeters using computerized image analysis. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) program was used for various statistical analyses.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The numbers of PLAP+/PAS+ canine SEs were 8/23 (34.8%) and PLAP-/PAS- SSs were 15/23 (61.2%). All SE cases (8/8, 100%) were intratubular/diffuse types. SS types included 2 intratubular (2/15, 13.3%), 9 diffuse (9/15, 60%), and 4 intratubular/diffuse (4/15, 26.7%) types. MVD and vascular parameters in SEs were significantly higher than in SSs, showing the highest value in the intratubular/diffuse type. Seminomas observed with neoplastic cells invasion of vessels presented higher perimeter and area values than seminomas without conformed neoplastic cells invasion.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>In this study, we demonstrated a positive relationship between canine SE and tumor angiogenesis. Furthermore, we also showed that a tumor cells invasion of vessels were a correlated vascular parameter. Although metastasis of canine seminomas has rarely been reported, our results support that canine SE could have high metastatic potential similar to the human counterpart. Further studies are required to clarify the relationship between canine SE and clinical data with metastatic factors.</p

Porträt als Massenphänomen / Le Portrait comme Phénomène de Masse

Hatte sich die Forschung zum antiken Porträt traditionell um die Darstellungen berühmter Personen bemüht, so rückten im letzten Drittel des 20. Jahrhunderts die Bildnisse der Vielen, der historisch Unwichtigen und Unbekannten, ins Interesse der Forschung. Mit ihnen beschäftigen sich die Beiträge dieses Bandes. In vielen Gattungen der antiken Grabplastik waren Darstellungen der Verstorbenen und ihrer Angehörigen üblich, so dass Bildnisköpfe in diesem Bereich seriell gearbeitet und zu einem Massenphänomen wurden. Die Untersuchungen lokaler Gruppen, die hier vorgelegt werden, vermögen ein Spektrum von Unterschieden aufzuzeigen, in denen die jeweiligen Identitäten und Traditionen evident werden. In ihrem lokalen Kontext erweisen sich die Grabmonumente als Ausdruck gemeinsamer und geteilter Werte. Wenn sie in der römischen Kaiserzeit in vielen Teilen der Reiches Vorbildern des Kaiserhauses folgen, so erscheinen sie als Ausdruck der politischen Loyalität und der kulturellen Einheit

Nurses' perceptions of aids and obstacles to the provision of optimal end of life care in ICU

Contains fulltext : 172380.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access