X. Account of a work entitled 'Storia de' Fenomeni del Vesuvio avvenuti negli anni 1821, 1822, e parte del 1823," etc. " History of the Phœnomena of vesuvius during the years 1821, 1822, and part of 1823; accompanied with observations and experiments .

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Differences in oral health status in elite athletes according to sport modalities

Oral health status may affect physical and sports performance. The purpose of this study was to assess the oral health status and oral health habits of elite athletes according to the performed sports type. A sample of 186 elite athletes divided into individual sports (n = 74; 53 men and 21 women; 24.9 ± 9.3 years) and team sports (n = 112; 97 men and 15 women; 24.5 ± 4.8 years) participated in the study. The decayed, missing, and filled teeth index (DMFT), the oral health impact profile (OHIP), and the diet assessment of caries risk (DACR) were evaluated to assess their oral health status. Athletes in individual modalities had a lower number in total teeth, healthy teeth, and restoration index (p < 0.05). Furthermore, this group showed a greater number of missing (p < 0.001) and decayed teeth (p < 0.05) and a greater DMFT index (p < 0.001). A relationship between sports modality and prevalence of malocclusions (p < 0.01), periodontal plaque (p < 0.05), and the habit of consuming energy drinks (p < 0.05) was also highlighted. Elite athletes who compete in individual sports presented a worse oral situation

Prokaryotic abundance and heterotrophic metabolism in the deep Mediterranean Sea

A synthesis of field data carried out in the Mediterranean Sea are presented, aimed at contributing to the knowledge of three prokaryotic-mediated processes and their implications on the Carbon cycle. The distribution of exoenzymatic activities, secondary production and respiration rates was studied together with the prokaryotic abundances. Particular attention was paid to the meso- and bathypelagic layers which play an important role in the Mediterranean carbon cycle. The study is noteworthy because of its large spatial scale spanning the entire Mediterranean Sea over 4 years. In addition, two Atlantic stations in front of the Gibraltar Strait were investigated. The longitudinal distribution of prokaryotic activities and abundance along the MED showed different trends along the depthlayers. In particular, higher exoenzymatic rates were detected in the Eastern basin compared to the Western one; carbon respiration rate showed patterns variable with the sampling periods in the epipelagic and bathypelagic layers, while a consistent Westwards decreasing trend at the mesopelagic layers occurred. Specific enzyme activities per cell showed high values in the deepest layers for leucine aminopeptidase. Comparison with Carbon respiration rate data collected before the 2000s showed changing patterns of microbial heterotrophic processes in the Mediterranean Sea

Different pathways of nitrogen and phosphorus regeneration mediated by extracellular enzymes in temperate lakes under various trophic state

Several Italian and Chinese temperate lakes with soluble reactive phosphorus concentrations &lt; 0.015 mg L-1 were studied to estimate nitrogen and phosphorus regeneration mediated by microbial decomposition and possible different mechanisms driven by prevailing oligo- or eutrophic conditions. Leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), beta-glucosidase (GLU) and alkaline phosphatase (AP), algal, and bacterial biomass were related to trophic and environmental variables. In the eutrophic lakes, high algal and particulate organic carbon concentrations stimulated bacterial respiration (&gt; 20 mu g C L-1 h(-1)) and could favor the release of inorganic phosphorus. High extracellular enzyme activities and phosphorus solubilizing bacteria abundance in sediments accelerated nutrient regeneration. In these conditions, the positive GLU-AP relationship suggested the coupling of carbon and phosphorus regeneration; an efficient phosphorus regeneration and high nitrogen levels (up to 0.067 and 0.059 mg L-1 NH4 and NO3 in Italy; 0.631 and 1.496 mg L-1 NH4 and NO3 in China) led to chlorophyll a peaks of 14.9 and 258.4 mu g L-1 in Italy and China, respectively, and a typical algal composition. Conversely, in the oligo-mesotrophic lakes, very low nitrogen levels (in Italy, 0.001 and 0.005 mg L-1 NH4 and NO3, respectively, versus 0.053 and 0.371 mg L-1 in China) induced high LAP, while low phosphorus (33.6 and 46.3 mu g L-1 total P in Italy and China, respectively) led to high AP. In these lakes, nitrogen and phosphorus regeneration were coupled, as shown by positive LAP-AP relationship; however, the nutrient demand could not be completely met without the supply from sediments, due to low enzymatic activity and phosphorus solubilizing bacteria found in this compartment.</p

Análisis del estado de salud bucodental en deportistas de élite y alto rendimiento en la comunidad autónoma de Aragón

La salud bucodental es un aspecto básico e integrado dentro de los adecuados hábitos que componen una correcta situación sanitaria general, sin embargo, en diferentes estudios observados, detectamos su descuido en poblaciones tan diversas como la de los deportistas de alto rendimiento, factor que puede suponer un severo impedimento en la obtención de su máximo rendimiento deportivo. El propósito de nuestra investigación es, por tanto, evaluar el estado de salud bucodental de los deportistas profesionales y de alto rendimiento de Aragón teniendo en cuenta distintas variables: clínicas, socio-demográficas, conductuales y de impacto/calidad de vida oral. Todo ello, con el fin de proponer medidas preventivas y de mantenimiento según las necesidades observadas y los factores de riesgo identificados.En definitiva, pretendemos evaluar un aspecto de la salud de los deportistas solo parcialmente estudiado, de forma que este trabajo puede proporcionar información novedosa permitiendo, además, abrir nuevas líneas de investigación con especial repercusión en el ámbito del rendimiento deportivo.Serán objetivos específicos de esta tesis doctoral:1. Evaluar el estado de salud bucodental general de los deportistas de alto rendimiento y profesionales de ambos géneros pertenecientes a distintas disciplinas deportivas en la Comunidad Autónoma de Aragón.2. Conocer la percepción que los deportistas tienen sobre su estado de salud bucodental y sobre los factores que pueden influir en su rendimiento deportivo y calidad de vida oral.3. Identificar el posible papel protector o de riesgo en el estado de salud bucodental de determinadas variables conductuales, con especial atención a aquellos hábitos nutricionales relacionados con el riesgo de caries.4. Indagar si existe una relación entre la modalidad deportiva practicada, deportes de equipo e individuales, y el estado de salud bucodental.5. Comparar los datos obtenidos en el objetivo 1 con los resultados publicados en la Encuesta de Salud Oral de la Población Española 2005/2010, utilizando una cohorte de edad equivalente.<br /

Principales hábitos nocivos odontológicos para el alto rendimiento en deportes colectivos

Oral health when integrated into the general health of the athlete is an essential aspect to take into account. The main purpose of this research is to know those habits presented by elite or high-performance athletes from the Autonomous Community of Aragon that can degenerate in situations harmful to their oral health. Aragonese athletes who competed in the main teams in the region were included both nationally and internationally. A total of 112 athletes were submitted to study. 59.8% of the athletes analyzed presented dental clenching or bruxism; 43.8% denotes onychophagy or nail-biting habit; 82.1% state that they breathe through the oral cavity and, on average, they go to the dentist every 14 months. Aragonese athletes who practice a collective sport do not have a high incidence of harmful habits for their oral health, although they could be reduced by implementing multidisciplinary actions. La salud bucodental al integrarse en la salud general del deportista supone un aspecto esencial y a tener en cuenta. El propósito principal de esta investigación es conocer aquellos hábitos presentados por los deportistas de élite o alto rendimiento de la Comunidad Autónoma de Aragón que pueden degenerar en situaciones nocivas para su salud bucodental. Se incluyó a los deportistas aragoneses que competían en los principales equipos de la región tanto a nivel nacional como internacional. Un total de 112 deportistas fueron sometidos a estudio. Un 59,8% de los deportistas analizados presenta apretamiento dentario o bruxismo; un 43,8% denota onicofagia o hábito de morderse las uñas; un 82,1% afirma respirar por la cavidad oral y de media acuden al dentista cada 14 meses. Los deportistas aragoneses que practican un deporte colectivo no presentan una elevada incidencia de hábitos nocivos para su salud bucodental, si bien se podrían reducir implementando acciones multidisciplinares

Understanding the Functional Properties of Lipid Heterogeneity in Pulmonary Surfactant Monolayers at the Atomistic Level

Pulmonary surfactant is a complex mixture of lipids and proteins lining the interior of the alveoli, and constitutes the first barrier to both oxygen and pathogens as they progress toward blood circulation. Despite decades of study, the behavior of the pulmonary surfactant at the molecular scale is poorly understood, which hinders the development of effective surfactant replacement therapies, useful in the treatment of several lung-related diseases. In this work, we combined all-atom molecular dynamics simulations, Langmuir trough measurements, and AFM imaging to study synthetic four-component lipid monolayers designed to model protein-free pulmonary surfactant. We characterized the structural and dynamic properties of the monolayers with a special focus on lateral heterogeneity. Remarkably, simulations reproduce almost quantitatively the experimental data on pressure-area isotherms and the presence of lateral heterogeneities highlighted by AFM. Quite surprisingly, the pressure-area isotherms do not show a plateau region, despite the presence of liquid-condensed nanometer-sized domains at surface pressures larger than 20 mN/m. In the simulations, the liquid-condensed domains were small and transient, but they did not coalesce to yield a separate phase. They were only slightly enriched in DPPC and cholesterol, and their chemical composition remained very similar to the overall composition of the monolayer membrane. Instead, they differed from liquid-expanded regions in terms of membrane thickness (in agreement with AFM data), diffusion rates, as well as acyl chain packing and orientation. We hypothesize that such lateral heterogeneities are crucial for lung surfactant function, as they allow both efficient packing, to achieve low surface tension, and sufficient fluidity, critical for rapid adsorption to the air–liquid interface during the breathing cycle.Peer reviewe

The neuropeptide NMU amplifies ILC2-driven allergic lung inflammation

Type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) both contribute to mucosal homeostasis and initiate pathologic inflammation in allergic asthma. However, the signals that direct ILC2s to promote homeostasis versus inflammation are unclear. To identify such molecular cues, we profiled mouse lung-resident ILCs using single-cell RNA sequencing at steady state and after in vivo stimulation with the alarmin cytokines IL-25 and IL-33. ILC2s were transcriptionally heterogeneous after activation, with subpopulations distinguished by expression of proliferative, homeostatic and effector genes. The neuropeptide receptor Nmur1 was preferentially expressed by ILC2s at steady state and after IL-25 stimulation. Neuromedin U (NMU), the ligand of NMUR1, activated ILC2s in vitro, and in vivo co-administration of NMU with IL-25 strongly amplified allergic inflammation. Loss of NMU-NMUR1 signalling reduced ILC2 frequency and effector function, and altered transcriptional programs following allergen challenge in vivo. Thus, NMUR1 signalling promotes inflammatory ILC2 responses, highlighting the importance of neuro-immune crosstalk in allergic inflammation at mucosal surfaces

Observation of associated near-side and away-side long-range correlations in √sNN=5.02 TeV proton-lead collisions with the ATLAS detector

Two-particle correlations in relative azimuthal angle (Δϕ) and pseudorapidity (Δη) are measured in √sNN=5.02  TeV p+Pb collisions using the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The measurements are performed using approximately 1  μb-1 of data as a function of transverse momentum (pT) and the transverse energy (ΣETPb) summed over 3.1<η<4.9 in the direction of the Pb beam. The correlation function, constructed from charged particles, exhibits a long-range (2<|Δη|<5) “near-side” (Δϕ∼0) correlation that grows rapidly with increasing ΣETPb. A long-range “away-side” (Δϕ∼π) correlation, obtained by subtracting the expected contributions from recoiling dijets and other sources estimated using events with small ΣETPb, is found to match the near-side correlation in magnitude, shape (in Δη and Δϕ) and ΣETPb dependence. The resultant Δϕ correlation is approximately symmetric about π/2, and is consistent with a dominant cos⁡2Δϕ modulation for all ΣETPb ranges and particle pT