高島教授の景気政策 : 『租税・公債・通貨新論』

新刊批

Comparing pregnancy, childbirth, and neonatal outcomes in women with different phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome and healthy women: a prospective cohort study

The aim of this study was to compare pregnancy, childbirth, and neonatal outcomes in women with different phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) with healthy women. A prospective cohort study from the beginning to the end of pregnancy for 41 pregnant women with PCOS (case) and 49 healthy pregnant women (control) was completed. Based on the presence or absence of menstrual dysfunction (M), hyperandrogenism (HA), and polycystic ovaries (PCO) on ultrasound, the PCOS (case) group were divided into three phenotypes (HA + PCO (  = 22), M + PCO (  = 9), HA + M+PCO (  = 10). Pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, and lower birth weight among newborns were significantly higher in the PCOS case group compared to the control group especially in the phenotype HA + M+PCO (  < .05). High BMI (  = 2.40; =.03) was the strongest predictor of pre-eclampsia in patients with PCOS. High androgen levels (free androgen index) (  = 13.71, 3.02;  < .05), was the strongest predictor of developing diabetes during pregnancy and reduced birth weight baby, respectively.These results suggest that PCOS, particularly in phenotype HA + M+PCO (  < .05), is a risk factor for adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes including gestational diabetes, pre-eclampsia, and reduced weight babies

Inhibition of ovulation by a new low-dose monophasic contraceptive containing gestodene.

Twenty-five healthy women volunteers were selected to evaluate ovulation inhibition by a monophasic oral contraceptive preparation containing 75 micrograms gestodene and 30 micrograms ethinyl estradiol. Each subject participated for eight consecutive cycles, consisting of a pretreatment cycle, six treatment cycles, and a posttreatment cycle. During five explored cycles, serum LH, FSH, estradiol, and progesterone levels were measured daily on cycle days 8 through 17; in addition, progesterone was measured once, around cycle day 21. Pelvic ultrasounds were performed on cycle days 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16. In the 18 volunteers completing the entire study, LH and FSH levels were strongly depressed, in equivalent degree, during the first, third, and sixth treated cycles. From treated cycle days 8 to 17, a significant decline of LH and FSH levels occurred, reaching values on the lower limit of detection. Luteal activity was not detected in any of the treated cycles. Follicular activity, as reflected by estradiol levels, was more strongly depressed during the first treated cycle (first contraceptive pill taken on day 1 of menstruation) than in the third and sixth treated cycles (the first pill taken after a seven-day pill-free interval). The excellent inhibition of follicular maturation was confirmed by ultrasonic assessment of the ovaries. Restoration of ovarian function during the first posttreatment cycle was excellent, showing a midcycle hormonal profile identical to that of the pretrial cycle

Inhibition of ovulation by low-dose monophasic contraceptive containing gestodene.

Ovulation inhibition by the monophasic oral contraceptive containing 75 ug of gestodene and 30 ug of ethinyl estradiol was evaluated in 25 healthy volunteers for five cycles: a pretreatment cycle, three treatment cycles, and a posttreatment cycle. Serum luteinizing and follicle- stimulating hormones, estradiol, and progesterone levels were measured on days 8 through 17; progesterone was measured once, around day 21. Pelvic ultrasound examinations were performed on cycle days 8 to 17, luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormone levels reached values on the lower limit of detection. Luteal activity was not detected in treated cycles. Follicular activity, which was reflected by estradiol levels, was mot strongly depressed during the first treated cycle. Pelvic ultrasound examinations confirmed excellent inhibition of follicular maturation. Restoration of ovarian function in the posttreatment cycle was excellent and showed a midcycle hormonal profile identical to the pretrial cycle

[Evaluation of Serum Progesterone Concentration in Pregnant Doe and Female Guinea-pig - Ria and Delfia]

Two techniques for direct measurement of progesterone - RIA and DELFIA - have been tested on sera of does and female guinea-pigs during gestation. The first gave excellent results in both species, while the second proved satisfactory only with guinea-pig sera

[Radioimmunoassay of Progesterone in Systemic and Placental Blood of Pregnant Rabbits and Guinea-pigs]

Radioimmunoassay of progesterone in systemic and placental blood of pregnant rabbits and guinea pigs. 1. The level of progesterone in pregnant rabbits and guinea pigs serum was measured directly (without extraction) using a RadioImmunoAssay (RIA). 2. Hormonal concentrations in systemic blood were shown to increase with gestational age, being at their highest half-way through pregnancy (16.03 +/- 2.63 ng/ml for rabbits; 319.01 +/- 42.10 ng/ml for guinea pigs) and decreasing at the end of the pregnancy. 3. Progesterone was not detectable in rabbit placental blood, whereas a high level of this hormone was found in guinea pig placental blood, which increased with gestational age. From the 28th to the 56th post-coital day, the level increased from 143.22 +/- 13.15 to 283.30 +/- 36.84 ng/ml. 4. The method used enables to measure correctly progesterone concentrations in rabbit and guinea pig serum without extraction

Circhoral Fluctuations of Serum Total Renin, Inhibin and Related Hormones Around the Mid-cycle in Normal Human Females

Total renin and inhibin are secreted by the ovary. Although luteinizing hormone (LH) and/or follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) may stimulate their secretion, the close relationship between fluctuations of gonadotrophins, oestradiol, progesterone, renin and inhibin during the cycle is still conjectural. Tc investigate the temporal relationship between the short-term fluctuations in the circulating concentrations of LH and FSH and the ovarian hormones (oestradiol, progesterone, renin and inhibin), blood samples were collected at 15-min intervals for 6 h from 15 normal women in the late follicular (n = 4), early luteal (n = 5) or luteal (n = 6) phases of the menstrual cycle. LH levels showed the well-known pulsatile secretion with decreasing frequency and increasing relative amplitude from the late follicular to the luteal phase. Progesterone and oestradiol serum levels were pulsatile, 25% and 35-50% of which were linked to LH pulses, with time lags of 30 and 12-15 min respectively. Renin levels presented significant pulses, 26% of which were related to LH pulses with a time lag of < 10 min; no coincidence was found between renin and oestradiol pulses. Inhibin levels presented only scattered pulses of small amplitude, which were unrelated to LH or FSH. These results show that, besides the LH-related pulses, pulsatile secretion of some ovarian hormones (oestradiol, progesterone and renin) may also occur independently of LH pulses and may be unrelated to one another. Moreover, contrary to the other ovarian hormones, inhibin seems to follow a tonic, not a pulsatile type of secretion around the mid-cycle

Dosage immunoradiométrique de la rénine totale et de la rénine active dans les annexes foetales humaines.

The total renin and active renin in human fetal appendices were determined by an immunoradiographic assay. In addition, some samples of maternal plasma were analyzed in order to provide a reference value. The prorenin level was determined by subtracting the level of active renin from that of the total renin. At the end of this study, it was found that the mean total renin concentration was 515 +/- 54 pg/ml in the peripheral blood of the woman who had given birth, 30,385 +/- 2,951 pg/g in the tissue of the chorion and 3,986 +/- 822 pg/g in the amnion. The level within the placenta reached 1,113 +/- 155 pg/g of tissue in the chorionic plate, 256 +/- 53 pg/g in the villosities and 294 +/- 46 pg/g in the basal plate. In these various tissues, prorenin accounted for over 80% of the total renin, except in the chorionic villosities, where it accounted for only 72.44%. In general, this study showed that the highest, concentrations of immunoreactive renin are found in the chorionic membrane. This membrane probably plays a decisive role in regulating the renin-angiotensin system within the fetal appendices