36,991 research outputs found
Spinor Bose Condensates in Optical Traps
In an optical trap, the ground state of spin-1 Bosons such as Na,
K, and Rb can be either a ferromagnetic or a "polar" state,
depending on the scattering lengths in different angular momentum channel. The
collective modes of these states have very different spin character and spatial
distributions. While ordinary vortices are stable in the polar state, only
those with unit circulation are stable in the ferromagnetic state. The
ferromagnetic state also has coreless (or Skyrmion) vortices like those of
superfluid He-A. Current estimates of scattering lengths suggest that the
ground states of Na and Rb condensate are a polar state and a
ferromagnetic state respectively.Comment: 11 pages, no figures. email : [email protected]
Boson Mott insulators at finite temperatures
We discuss the finite temperature properties of ultracold bosons in optical
lattices in the presence of an additional, smoothly varying potential, as in
current experiments. Three regimes emerge in the phase diagram: a
low-temperature Mott regime similar to the zero-temperature quantum phase, an
intermediate regime where MI features persist, but where superfluidity is
absent, and a thermal regime where features of the Mott insulator state have
disappeared. We obtain the thermodynamic functions of the Mott phase in the
latter cases. The results are used to estimate the temperatures achieved by
adiabatic loading in current experiments. We point out the crucial role of the
trapping potential in determining the final temperature, and suggest a scheme
for further cooling by adiabatic decompression
Global banking and national regulation: a conference summary
Although banking across national borders has expanded rapidly, banking regulation remains nationally based. As a result, governments and financial institutions face significant challenges when instability arises. At the Chicago Fed’s International Banking Conference, participants explored cross-border banking issues and ways to improve the current system.Banks and banking, International ; Interstate banking
Development of aircraft brake materials
The requirements of brake materials were outlined and a survey made to select materials to meet the needs of high temperature brakes. A number of metals and ceramic materials were selected and evaluated in sliding tests which simulated aircraft braking. Nickel, molybdenum tungsten, Zr02, high temperature cements and carbons were tested. Additives were then incorporated into these materials to optimize their wear or strength behavior with particular emphasis on nickel and molybdenum base materials and a high temperature potassium silicate cement. Optimum materials were developed which improved wear behavior over conventional brake materials in the simulated test. The best materials are a nickel, aluminum oxide, lead tungstate composition containing graphite or molybdenum disulphite; a molybdenum base material containing LPA100 (an intermetallic compound of cobalt, molybdenum, and silicon); and a carbon material (P5)
Rapidly Rotating Fermi Gases
We show that the density profile of a Fermi gas in rapidly rotating potential
will develop prominent features reflecting the underlying Landau level like
energy spectrum. Depending on the aspect ratio of the trap, these features can
be a sequence of ellipsoidal volumes or a sequence of quantized steps.Comment: 4 pages, 1 postscript fil
Double Phase Transitions in Magnetized Spinor Bose-Einstein Condensation
It is investigated theoretically that magnetized Bose-Einstein condensation
(BEC) with the internal (spin) degrees of freedom exhibits a rich variety of
phase transitions, depending on the sign of the interaction in the spin
channel. In the antiferromagnetic interaction case there exist always double
BEC transitions from single component BEC to multiple component BEC. In the
ferromagnetic case BEC becomes always unstable at a lower temperature, leading
to a phase separation. The detailed phase diagram for the temperature vs the
polarization, the spatial spin structure, the distribution of non-condensates
and the excitation spectrum are examined for the harmonically trapped systems.Comment: 6 pages, 7 figures. Submitted to J. Phys. Soc. Jp
The design of aircraft brake systems, employing cooling to increase brake life
A research program was initiated to determine the feasibility of using cooling to increase brake life. An air cooling scheme was proposed, constructed and tested with various designs. Straight and curved slotting of the friction material was tested. A water cooling technique, similar to the air cooling procedure, was evaluated on a curved slotted rotor. Also investigated was the possibility of using a phase-change material within the rotor to absorb heat during braking. Various phase-changing materials were tabulated and a 50%, (by weight) LiF - BeF2 mixing was chosen. It was shown that corrosion was not a problem with this mixture. A preliminary design was evaluated on an actual brake. Results showed that significant improvements in lowering the surface temperature of the brake occurred when air or water cooling was used in conjunction with curved slotted rotors
Instabilities of wave function monopoles in Bose-Einstein condensates
We present analytic and numerical results for a class of monopole solutions
to the two-component Gross-Pitaevski equation for a two-species Bose condensate
in an effectively two-dimensional trap. We exhibit dynamical instabilities
involving vortex production as one species pours through another, from which we
conclude that the sub-optical sharpness of potentials exerted by matter waves
makes condensates ideal tools for manipulating condensates. We also show that
there are two equally valid but drastically different hydrodynamic descriptions
of a two-component condensate, and illustrate how different phenomena may
appear simpler in each.Comment: 4 pages, 9 figures (compressed figures become legible when zoomed or
when paper is actually printed
Evaluation of materials and design modifications for aircraft brakes
A test program is described which was carried out to evaluate several proposed design modifications and several high-temperature friction materials for use in aircraft disk brakes. The evaluation program was carried out on a specially built test apparatus utilizing a disk brake and wheel half from a small het aircraft. The apparatus enabled control of brake pressure, velocity, and braking time. Tests were run under both constant and variable velocity conditions and covered a kinetic energy range similar to that encountered in aircraft brake service. The results of the design evaluation program showed that some improvement in brake performance can be realized by making design changes in the components of the brake containing friction material. The materials evaluation showed that two friction materials show potential for use in aircraft disk brakes. One of the materials is a nickel-based sintered composite, while the other is a molybdenum-based material. Both materials show much lower wear rates than conventional copper-based materials and are better able to withstand the high temperatures encountered during braking. Additional materials improvement is necessary since both materials show a significant negative slope of the friction-velocity curve at low velocities
- …