30 research outputs found
Observation of Free-Space Single-Atom Matterwave Interference
We observe matterwave interference of a single cesium atom in free fall. The
interferometer is an absolute sensor of acceleration and we show that this
technique is sensitive to forces at the level of N with a
spatial resolution at the micron scale. We observe the build up of the
interference pattern one atom at a time in an interferometer where the mean
path separation extends far beyond the coherence length of the atom. Using the
coherence length of the atom wavepacket as a metric, we directly probe the
velocity distribution and measure the temperature of a single atom in free
fall.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Large Effects of Electric Fields on Atom-Molecule Collisions at Millikelvin Temperatures
Controlling interactions between cold molecules using external fields can
elucidate the role of quantum mechanics in molecular collisions. We create a
new experimental platform in which ultracold rubidium atoms and cold ammonia
molecules are separately trapped by magnetic and electric fields and then
combined to study collisions. We observe inelastic processes that are faster
than expected from earlier field-free calculations. We use quantum scattering
calculations to show that electric fields can have a major effect on collision
outcomes, even in the absence of dipole-dipole interactions.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
High-energy-resolution molecular beams for cold collision studies
Stark deceleration allows for precise control over the velocity of a pulsed
molecular beam and, by the nature of its limited phase-space acceptance,
reduces the energy width of the decelerated packet. We describe an alternate
method of operating a Stark decelerator that further reduces the energy spread
over the standard method of operation. In this alternate mode of operation, we
aggressively decelerate the molecular packet using a high phase angle. This
technique brings the molecular packet to the desired velocity before it reaches
the end of the decelerator; the remaining stages are then used to
longitudinally and transversely guide the packet to the detection/interaction
region. The result of the initial aggressive slowing is a reduction in the
phase-space acceptance of the decelerator and thus a narrowing of the velocity
spread of the molecular packet. In addition to the narrower energy spread, this
method also results in a velocity spread that is nearly independent of the
final velocity. Using the alternate deceleration technique, the energy
resolution of molecular collision measurements can be improved considerably.Comment: 12 pages, 9 figure
Integrated optical addressing of a trapped ytterbium ion
We report on the characterization of heating rates and photo-induced electric
charging on a microfabricated surface ion trap with integrated waveguides.
Microfabricated surface ion traps have received considerable attention as a
quantum information platform due to their scalability and manufacturability.
Here we characterize the delivery of 435 nm light through waveguides and
diffractive couplers to a single ytterbium ion in a compact trap. We measure an
axial heating rate at room temperature of q/ms and see no
increase due to the presence of the waveguide. Furthermore, the electric field
due to charging of the exposed dielectric outcoupler settles under normal
operation after an initial shift. The frequency instability after settling is
measured to be 0.9 kHz.Comment: 7 pages, 8 figure
emiT: an apparatus to test time reversal invariance in polarized neutron decay
We describe an apparatus used to measure the triple-correlation term (\D
\hat{\sigma}_n\cdot p_e\times p_\nu) in the beta-decay of polarized neutrons.
The \D-coefficient is sensitive to possible violations of time reversal
invariance. The detector has an octagonal symmetry that optimizes
electron-proton coincidence rates and reduces systematic effects. A beam of
longitudinally polarized cold neutrons passes through the detector chamber,
where a small fraction beta-decay. The final-state protons are accelerated and
focused onto arrays of cooled semiconductor diodes, while the coincident
electrons are detected using panels of plastic scintillator. Details regarding
the design and performance of the proton detectors, beta detectors and the
electronics used in the data collection system are presented. The neutron beam
characteristics, the spin-transport magnetic fields, and polarization
measurements are also described.Comment: 15 pages, 13 figure
Drp1 overexpression induces desmin disassembling and drives kinesin-1 activation promoting mitochondrial trafficking in skeletal muscle
Mitochondria change distribution across cells following a variety of pathophysiological stimuli. The mechanisms presiding over this redistribution are yet undefined. In a murine model overexpressing Drp1 specifically in skeletal muscle, we find marked mitochondria repositioning in muscle fibres and we demonstrate that Drp1 is involved in this process. Drp1 binds KLC1 and enhances microtubule-dependent transport of mitochondria. Drp1-KLC1 coupling triggers the displacement of KIF5B from kinesin-1 complex increasing its binding to microtubule tracks and mitochondrial transport. High levels of Drp1 exacerbate this mechanism leading to the repositioning of mitochondria closer to nuclei. The reduction of Drp1 levels decreases kinesin-1 activation and induces the partial recovery of mitochondrial distribution. Drp1 overexpression is also associated with higher cyclin-dependent kinase-1 (Cdk-1) activation that promotes the persistent phosphorylation of desmin at Ser-31 and its disassembling. Fission inhibition has a positive effect on desmin Ser-31 phosphorylation, regardless of Cdk-1 activation, suggesting that induction of both fission and Cdk-1 are required for desmin collapse. This altered desmin architecture impairs mechanotransduction and compromises mitochondrial network stability priming mitochondria transport through microtubule-dependent trafficking with a mechanism that involves the Drp1-dependent regulation of kinesin-1 complex
Electromagnetic-field quantization and spontaneous decay in left-handed media
We present a quantization scheme for the electromagnetic field interacting
with atomic systems in the presence of dispersing and absorbing
magnetodielectric media, including left-handed material having negative real
part of the refractive index. The theory is applied to the spontaneous decay of
a two-level atom at the center of a spherical free-space cavity surrounded by
magnetodielectric matter of overlapping band-gap zones. Results for both big
and small cavities are presented, and the problem of local-field corrections
within the real-cavity model is addressed.Comment: 15 pages, 5 figures, RevTe
Cold and Ultracold Molecules: Science, Technology, and Applications
This article presents a review of the current state of the art in the
research field of cold and ultracold molecules. It serves as an introduction to
the Special Issue of the New Journal of Physics on Cold and Ultracold Molecules
and describes new prospects for fundamental research and technological
development. Cold and ultracold molecules may revolutionize physical chemistry
and few body physics, provide techniques for probing new states of quantum
matter, allow for precision measurements of both fundamental and applied
interest, and enable quantum simulations of condensed-matter phenomena.
Ultracold molecules offer promising applications such as new platforms for
quantum computing, precise control of molecular dynamics, nanolithography, and
Bose-enhanced chemistry. The discussion is based on recent experimental and
theoretical work and concludes with a summary of anticipated future directions
and open questions in this rapidly expanding research field.Comment: 82 pages, 9 figures, review article to appear in New Journal of
Physics Special Issue on Cold and Ultracold Molecule