Tactical measures set to improve the import substitution process in the field of Russian pharmaceuticals

The article deals with the problems of a high share of import dependence in the pharmaceutical and medical industry of the Russian Federation, leading to a decrease in the security of the state and public health, to the actualization of providing modern and high-quality Russian medicines issues. The study analyzes the causes of the current situation in the pharmaceutical and medical industry in Russia. Based on the information received, the policy of state actions for the purchase of imported substances, raw materials, equipment from China and India is analyzed using modern data processing methods. Guided by modern tools for managing business strategies in industry, tactical measures that will speed up the process of import substitution through the formation and effective use of the research, technological and production potential of the state are proposed. A set of tactical measures to improve the import substitution process in the field of Russian pharmaceuticals is also presented. The assessment of the proposed tactical measures to improve the process of import substitution in the field of pharmaceuticals, which is designed to solve important social, economic and strategic tasks, has been carried out

MEASURES TO REDUCE THE DEFECTIVENESS OF AVIATION PRODUCTS AND ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ITS IMPLEMENTATION

The article considers the problems of reducing the quality of aviation products, leading to the loss of competitiveness of finished products and an increase in cost price. In the course of the study, the authors analysed the reasons for the appearance of defective products at an aviation manufacturing enterprise. Based on the information received using modern data processing methods, the paper determines the main weaknesses of the considered technological stage of aviation products. Having studied modern international quality standards in the field of aviation construction, the authors proposed measures that would reduce the number of defective products and increase the reliability and competitiveness of finished products. The article presents separately the model for evaluating the effectiveness of measures to reduce the defectiveness of aviation products. The paper carries out assessment of the proposed tactical measures to reduce the level of defective products, which will increase the economic performance of production activities in certain areas of production

Global Spiral Modes in NGC 1566: Observations and Theory

We present an observational and theoretical study of the spiral structure in galaxy NGC 1566. A digitized image of NGC 1566 in I-band was used for measurements of the radial dependence of amplitude variations in the spiral arms. We use the known velocity dispersion in the disk of NGC 1566, together with its rotation curve, to construct linear and 2D nonlinear simulations which are then compared with observations. A two-armed spiral is the most unstable linear global mode in the disk of NGC 1566. The nonlinear simulations are in agreement with the results of the linear modal analysis, and the theoretical surface amplitude and the velocity residual variations across the spiral arms are in qualitative agreement with the observations. The spiral arms found in the linear and nonlinear simulations are considerably shorter than those observed in the disk of NGC 1566. We argue therefore, that the surface density distribution in the disk of the galaxy NGC 1566 was different in the past, when spiral structure in NGC 1566 was linearly growing.Comment: 41 pages, 20 figures, to be published in the Astrophysical Journa

Neutrophilic granulocytes in the patients with burn injury

Severe burn injury (BI) is accompanied by disturbed microcirculation, water-electrolyte and acidbase imbalance within 2-3 days after the accident, and the development of toxemia within 4-12 days. The severity of toxemia depends on the area and depth of the lesion, resorption of tissue decay products, and development of a systemic inflammatory response syndrome. In the patients suffering with deep BI sepsis, it develops in 15% of cases. Pathogenesis of critical conditions is related to the functional activity of myeloid cells, including neutrophilic granulocytes (NG). Тhe determination of NG’s dysfunctions in patients with BI is important, both for prediction of septic complications and administration of rational therapy. The aim of our work was to study the functions of neutrophils in patients with severe BI and to determine early predictors of burn-associated sepsis. The study involved 53 patients with severe BI at the mean age of 43 years (32 to 52); the area of damage was 43% (17 to 63) of the body surface, with deep-burn area of 17 (13 to 27) %. The severity of BI was assessed using the Frank index, at the average value of 74 conventional units (62 to 89). Тwo groups of patients were identified: 24 persons without sepsis, and 29 people with sepsis and severe sepsis. The studies were carried out upon admission, on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 10th , and 20th day of the burn disease. We determined the numbers of NGs expressing CD18+, CD14+, defensin+; serum contents of soluble defensins (sDеf), IL-6, IL-8 levels (ELISA); procalcitonin, as well as luminol-mediated spontaneous аnd induced NG chemiluminescence. Тhe results of this study showed a relationship between the amounts of NGs containing antimicrobial peptides, contents of NGs expressing CD18+ adhesion molecules, activation of oxidative metabolism, IL-6 overproduction, and development of sepsis in patients with burn injury, as well as with severity of burn trauma

Potentials of transanal endoscopic surgery at early rectal cancer

Aim of investigation. Improvement of results of organ-preserving treatment of early rectal cancer, and assessment of sensitivity and specificity of transrectal ultrasound investigation (TRUS) at these patients.Material and methods. Overall 14 patients with adenocarcinomas (uT1N0) of high or moderate degree of differentiation were selected for transanal endoscopic operation (TEO), as a basic treatment method of villous rectal tumors. Male to female ratio among investigated patients was equal (7/7). Mean tumor size was 2,6±0,8 cm (1,0–4,0 cm). The average distance from the lower pole of tumor to outer edge of anal canal and to dentate line was 7,1±1,7 cm (4,0–9,0 cm) and 4,8±1,9 cm (1,5–7,0 cm) respectively. Preoperative examination included: digital investigation of the rectum, rectoromanoscopy with biopsy, colonoscopy, TRUS, computer tomography and magnetic-resonance tomography of abdominal cavity and small pelvis.Results. The median duration of operation was 39 (25–110) minutes. Tumor-free resection edges have been obtained in all operation specimens. All tumors were removed en bloc. No postoperative morbidity was marked. Preoperative and final diagnoses coincided in all cases. At pathomorphological study adenocarcinoma at Tis stage was revealed in 3 patients (21 %), Т1 — in 10 (71%) and Т2 — in one (8%). In female patient with Т2 adenocarcinoma radical operation was executed, in the removed specimen pararectal lymph node (N1) metastasis was found out. The mean follow-up of patients was 12 (2–20) months, no signs of local tumor relapse were found.Conclusion. TEOs, having minimal morbidity level, are alternative to radical operations at early rectal cancer, however wide utilization of the method is limited by such factors, as depth of neoplasm invasion and involvement of pararectal lymph nodes. Application of TEO should be prudent. Preoperative tumor staging plays the key role

Targeted JAM-C deletion in germ cells by Spo11-controlled Cre recombinase

Meiosis is a crucial process for the production of functional gametes. However, the biological significance of many genes expressed during the meiotic phase remains poorly understood, mainly because of the lethal phenotypes of the knockout mice. Functional analysis of such genes using the conditional knockout approach is hindered by the lack of suitable Cre transgenic lines. We describe here the generation of transgenic mice expressing Cre recombinase under the control of the meiotic Spo11 gene. Using LacZ-R26(loxP) and EYFP-R26(loxP) reporter mice, we show the specific expression and activity of Cre during meiosis in males and females. Spo11(Cre) mice were then crossed with floxed Nbs1 and JAM-C mice to produce conditional knockouts. A strong reduction of Nbs1 and JAM-C protein levels was found in the testis. Although Nbs1-deleted mice developed minor gonadal abnormalities, JAM-C-knockout mice showed a spermiogenetic arrest, as previously described for the null mice. These results provide strong evidence that Spo11(Cre) transgenic mice represent a powerful tool for deleting genes of interest specifically in meiotic and/or in postmeiotic germ cells

Electromagnetic dissociation of relativistic 8^8B nuclei in nuclear track emulsion

Experimental data on fragmentation channels in peripheral interactions of $^8$B nuclei in nuclear track emulsions are presented. A detailed analysis made it possible to justify selections of events of the electromagnetic-dissociation process $^8$B $\to^7$Be + \emph{p} and to estimate its cross section. Events of $^{10}$C peripheral dissociation that were observed in the same exposure are described.Comment: 12 pages, 10 figures, 4 tables, Published in Phys.Atom.Nucl.72:690-701,200