РАСТИТЕЛЬНОСТЬ КОТЛОВИНЫ ОЗЕРА ЧАТЫР-КУЛЬ

Chatyr-Kul lake is the biggest lake in the region. It is located in the Ak-Say valley 3530 mabove the sea. Its square is about 170 km 2 , it is the third biggest lake in Kyrgyzstan. The Ak-Say valley and closed depression refer to the Alps belt of the Tyan-Shan Alay mountain fold. The climate is severe in the region; the summer months are concerned to be July and August. Summer is cool and dry. The main geobotanical edificators of the Alps belt are short-grass meadows with kobresia, Alp short-grass steppes and grasslands with sheep fescue, sandy needle grass, mat-grass, cinquefoil, edelweiss, artemisia etc. The cattle runs to the Ak-Say valley in June and it is kept there until October. This means that grasslands are used irregularly. The seasonal dynamics of steppe communities’ productivity is characterized by regular growth of phytomass until blossom – the beginning of bearing whereas after this the accumulation of land mass is reduced. To rehabilitate the density of grassland the authors suggest to improve the water-air and nutritive regimes of soil in the terms of recreation followed by applying fertilizers of Natrium humate + N60P30K15. The effect of fertilizers lasts for several years. The At-Bashy valley is an appropriate region for development of sheep breeding, horse breeding, meat cattle breeding and yak breeding. The valuable grassland massives are located in Ak-Say and the Chatyr-Kil closed depression.Озеро Чатыр-Куль, которое является самым крупным в регионе, расположено в Ак-Сайской долине, на высоте 3530 мнад уровнем моря. Его площадь составляет около 170 км 2 , оно является третьим по величине озером в Кыргызстане. Долина Ак-Сай и котловина озера Чатыр-Куль относятся к альпийскому поясу гор в системе вертикальной поясности Тянь-Шане-Алайского горного сооружения. Климат региона суровый. Летними месяцами условно являются июль и август. Летний сезон прохладный и сухой. Основными геоботаническими эдификаторами альпийского пояса гор являются альпийские низкотравные луга с кобрезиями, альпийские низкотравные степи и лугостепи с типчаками, ковылками, ковылями, лапчатками, эдельвейсом, полынями и др. В Ак-Сайскую долину скот перегоняют в течение июня и держат там до середины октября, следовательно, пастбища используются неравномерно. Сезонная динамика продуктивности природных степных сообществ характеризуется закономерным нарастанием фитомассы до цветения – начала плодоношения, после чего происходит снижение накопления надземной массы. Для восстановления нарушенного чрезмерным выпасом травостоя пастбищ лучшим с биологической и экономической точек зрения является улучшение водно-воздушного и питательного режимов почвы в условиях отдыха, заповедного режима с последующим внесением удобрений: гумата натрия и N60P30K15, эффективное действие и последействие которых длится еще несколько лет. Ат-Башинская долина – прекрасный район для развития овцеводства, коневодства, мясного скотоводства и яководства. Ценные пастбищные массивы находятся в Ак-Сае и Чатыр-Кульской котловине

Pathogenetic development patterns of respiratory and gastrointestinal pathologies in calves with proventriculus dysfunction history

An experiment was conducted in the conditions of an industrial complex specializing in the intensive fattening of young cattle, to study the development patterns of respiratory and gastrointestinal pathologies in calves with a history of previous proventriculus dysfunction. The object of the research were calves aged 120 days, which were divided into three groups: control, and two experimental groups - with a difference in using or the absence of phytosorbent. The diet included cereal hay and compound feed (CP 21.5%) according to the norms and regimen of feeding, for animals of this age. It appeared that for calves shortening of the adaptation period to the consumption of a large amount of compound feed had a negative impact on the rumen contractile function and the processes of digestion in it with the formation of a complex of symptoms of frothy tympany and rumen acidosis. After a course of appropriate treatment, the specific symptoms of these pathologies of the rumen disappeared, but the imbalance between the depression of symbiotic and activation of abdominal digestion remained, with the formation of a constant pre-threshold level of local autointoxication. The transfer of animals to the technological diet activated the processes of rumen metabolism and increased biochemical imbalance, which caused the progression of the endogenous intoxication syndrome and vegetative dystonia with a corresponding increase in the risk of developing respiratory and gastrointestinal pathologies. The use of a combined native premix based on the enterosorbent Rigatirin against the background of residual pathological phenomena after proventriculus dysfunctions reduced the level of toxic substances in the rumen, which excluded the generalization of autointoxication with an increase in the functional load on the digestive organs. As a result, the mechanism of pathogenetic integration (predisposition) formation in the body was leveled with a corresponding decrease in the incidence of the lungs, rumen and intestines. As a result, the mechanism of pathogenetic integration (predisposition) formation in the body was leveled, which caused a 6.7-fold decrease in the level of morbidity in animals and a 22.9 % increase in their growth

Thermal Degradation of Adsorbed Bottle-Brush Macromolecules: Molecular Dynamics Simulation

The scission kinetics of bottle-brush molecules in solution and on an adhesive substrate is modeled by means of Molecular Dynamics simulation with Langevin thermostat. Our macromolecules comprise a long flexible polymer backbone with $L$ segments, consisting of breakable bonds, along with two side chains of length $N$, tethered to each segment of the backbone. In agreement with recent experiments and theoretical predictions, we find that bond cleavage is significantly enhanced on a strongly attractive substrate even though the chemical nature of the bonds remains thereby unchanged. We find that the mean bond life time decreases upon adsorption by more than an order of magnitude even for brush molecules with comparatively short side chains $N=1 \div 4$. The distribution of scission probability along the bonds of the backbone is found to be rather sensitive regarding the interplay between length and grafting density of side chains. The life time declines with growing contour length $L$ as $\propto L^{-0.17}$, and with side chain length as $\propto N^{-0.53}$. The probability distribution of fragment lengths at different times agrees well with experimental observations. The variation of the mean length $L(t)$ of the fragments with elapsed time confirms the notion of the thermal degradation process as a first order reaction.Comment: 15 pages, 7 figure

Electric field of a pointlike charge in a strong magnetic field and ground state of a hydrogenlike atom

In an external constant magnetic field, so strong that the electron Larmour length is much shorter than its Compton length, we consider the modification of the Coulomb potential of a point charge owing to the vacuum polarization. We establish a short-range component of the static interaction in the Larmour scale, expressed as a Yukawa-like law, and reveal the corresponding "photon mass" parameter. The electrostatic force regains its long-range character in the Compton scale: the tail of the potential follows an anisotropic Coulomb law, decreasing away from the charge slower along the magnetic field and faster across. In the infinite-magnetic-field limit the potential is confined to an infinitely thin string passing though the charge parallel to the external field. This is the first evidence for dimensional reduction in the photon sector of quantum electrodynamics. The one-dimensional form of the potential on the string is derived that includes a delta-function centered in the charge. The nonrelativistic ground-state energy of a hydrogenlike atom is found with its use and shown not to be infinite in the infinite-field limit, contrary to what was commonly accepted before, when the vacuum polarization had been ignored. These results may be useful for studying properties of matter at the surface of extremely magnetized neutron stars.Comment: 45 pages, 6 figures, accepted to Phys. Rev.

DYNAMICS OF MORBIDITY OF POPULATION IN IRKUTSK BETWEEN DURING SOCIO-ECONOMIC REFORMS

This article presents an analysis of disease trends in selected age groups of the population of Irkutsk for the period of 1992-2009 and it is found that most of these trends are dependent on socio-economic factors. Built polynomial regression models revealed significant increase in morbidity of mental disorders in children, diseases of the nervous system and. the digestive system against opposing change prevalence of adolescent and. adult population for the analyzed period

Contradiction and change in state socialism

No abstract available

Tumour suppressor function of MDA-7/IL-24 in human breast cancer

Introduction Melanoma differentiation associated gene-7 (MDA-7), also known as interleukin (IL)-24, is a tumour suppressor gene associated with differentiation, growth and apoptosis. However, the mechanisms underlying its anti-neoplastic activity, tumour-specificity and efficacy across a spectrum of human cancers have yet to be fully elucidated. In this study, the biological impact of MDA-7 on the behavior of breast cancer (BC) cells is evaluated. Furthermore, mRNA expression of MDA-7 is assessed in a cohort of women with BC and correlated with established pathological parameters and clinical outcome. Methods The human BC cell line MDA MB-231 was used to evaluate the in-vitro impact of recombinant human (rh)-MDA-7 on cell growth and motility, using a growth assay, wounding assay and electric cell impedance sensing (ECIS). Localisation of MDA-7 in mammary tissues was assessed with standard immuno-histochemical methodology. BC tissues (n = 127) and normal tissues (n = 33) underwent RNA extraction and reverse transcription, MDA-7 transcript levels were determined using real-time quantitative PCR. Transcript levels were analyzed against tumour size, grade, oestrogen receptor (ER) status, nodal involvement, TNM stage, Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI) and clinical outcome over a 10 year follow-up period. Results Exposure to rh-MDA-7 significantly reduced wound closure rates for human BC cells in-vitro. The ECIS model demonstrated a significantly reduced motility and migration following rh-MDA-7 treatment (p = 0.024). Exposure to rh-MDA-7 was only found to exert a marginal effect on growth. Immuno-histochemical staining of human breast tissues revealed substantially greater MDA-7 positivity in normal compared to cancer cells. Significantly lower MDA-7 transcript levels were identified in those predicted to have a poorer prognosis by the NPI (p = 0.049) and those with node positive tumours. Significantly lower expression was also noted in tumours from patients who died of BC compared to those who remained disease free (p = 0.035). Low levels of MDA-7 were significantly correlated with a shorter disease free survival (mean = 121.7 vs. 140.4 months, p = 0.0287) on Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Conclusion MDA-7 significantly inhibits the motility and migration of human BC cells in-vitro. MDA-7 expression is substantially reduced in malignant breast tissue and low transcript levels are significantly associated with unfavourable pathological parameters, including nodal positivity; and adverse clinical outcomes including poor prognosis and shorter disease free survival. MDA-7 offers utility as a prognostic marker and potential for future therapeutic strategies

Galactic Rotation Parameters from Data on Open Star Clusters

Currently available data on the field of velocities Vr, Vl, Vb for open star clusters are used to perform a kinematic analysis of various samples that differ by heliocentric distance, age, and membership in individual structures (the Orion, Carina--Sagittarius, and Perseus arms). Based on 375 clusters located within 5 kpc of the Sun with ages up to 1 Gyr, we have determined the Galactic rotation parameters Wo =-26.0+-0.3 km/s/kpc, W'o = 4.18+-0.17 km/s/kpc^2, W''o=-0.45+-0.06 km/s/kpc^3, the system contraction parameter K = -2.4+-0.1 km/s/kpc, and the parameters of the kinematic center Ro =7.4+-0.3 kpc and lo = 0+-1 degrees. The Galactocentric distance Ro in the model used has been found to depend significantly on the sample age. Thus, for example, it is 9.5+-0.7 kpc and 5.6+-0.3 kpc for the samples of young (50 Myr) clusters, respectively. Our study of the kinematics of young open star clusters in various spiral arms has shown that the kinematic parameters are similar to the parameters obtained from the entire sample for the Carina-Sagittarius and Perseus arms and differ significantly from them for the Orion arm. The contraction effect is shown to be typical of star clusters with various ages. It is most pronounced for clusters with a mean age of 100 Myr, with the contraction velocity being Kr = -4.3+-1.0 km/s.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figures, 2 table