CULTIVATION OF AFRICAN AND SOUTH AMERICAN TRYPANOSOMES OF MEDICAL OR VETERINARY IMPORTANCE

Today most parasite stages of the African trypanosome species can be grown in vitro. The co-cultivation of insect or mammalian cells is still necessary for the cultivation of some of the insect or mammalian forms. However, simple culture systems that produce high parasite yields cost-effectively have still to be found, with the exception of the procyclic trypomastigote forms which can easily be grown in semi-defined media. A culture system for the production of metacyclic forms in large numbers is a major goal for future research. The different stages of T. cruzi can easily be grown in large quantities. Even metacyclic forms can be produced in large numbers in monophasic media without host cells. The vertebrate forms, grown in the presence of mammalian cells, can also be grown in quantities sufficient for most biochemical and immunological investigations. Either amastigotes or hypomastigotes can be obtained from cultures. They can be separted from host cells or debris by chromatography or gradient centrifugatio

Foundations in Ethnomathematics for Prospective Elementary Teachers

Ethnomathematics is a term that has been coined to elucidate that everyone uses and can learn mathematics. This manuscript demonstrates how a college Mathematics Methods Course at a Doctoral Intensive University in the Rocky Mountain Region can implement the idea of using the culturally diverse background of students as a foundation to teach children learning second languages and children of diverse cultures. This includes one year of quantitative and qualitative research about prospective elementary teachers who were instructed on how to teach children learning second languages during their Mathematics Methods Course. These prospective teachers then applied these methods while completing their student teaching

Academic Advising Models in Faith-Based Colleges and Universities

This study examined how academic advising is conducted among private, faith-based colleges and universities. In addition to developing a profile of academic advising at these campuses, academic advising organizational models used by these institutions were examined. Academic advising responsibilities at these institutions incorporated prescriptive and developmental advising methods. Seventy percent of the institutions utilized the “Faculty-Only” advising model. Benefits of using faculty members as advisors include the emphasis that private colleges place on faculty-student contact, enabling students to have a deeper relationship with their professors. Negative implications when utilizing faculty advisors include that they have other job responsibilities and priorities that often come before academic advising

Understanding and Finding Solutions to the Problem of Sedimentation in the National Wildlife Refuge System

The National Wildlife Refuge System (Refuge System) is a collection of public lands maintained by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for migratory birds and other wildlife. Wetlands on individual National Wildlife Refuges (Refuges) may be at risk of increased sedimentation because of land use and water management practices. Increased sedimentation can reduce wetland habitat quality by altering hydrologic function, degrading water quality, and inhibiting growth of vegetation and invertebrates. On Refuges negatively affected by increased sedimentation, managers have to address complex questions about how to best remediate and mitigate the negative effects. The best way to account for these complexities is often not clear. On other Refuges, managers may not know whether sedimentation is a problem. Decision makers in the Refuge System may need to allocate resources to studying which Refuges could be at risk. Such analyses would help them understand where to direct support for managing increased sedimentation. In this paper, we summarize a case study demonstrating the use of decision-analytic tools in the development of a sedimentation management plan for Agassiz National Wildlife Refuge, Minnesota. Using what we learned from that process, we surveyed other Refuges in U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Region 3 (an area encompassing the states of Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Ohio, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, and Wisconsin) and Region 6 (an area encompassing the states of Colorado, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, and Wyoming) about whether they experience sediment-related impacts to management. Our results show that cases of management being negatively affected by increased sedimentation are not isolated. We suggest that the Refuge System conduct a comprehensive and systematic assessment of increased sedimentation among Refuges to understand the importance of sedimentation in context with other management problems that Refuges face. The results of such an assessment could guide how the Refuge System allocates resources to studying and managing widespread stressors

Naturschutzforschung am Auerhuhn in der Schweiz: eine Übersicht

The Western Capercaille Tetrao urogallus is a large forest grouse with narrow habitat preferences and large home ranges. As Capercaille populations are declining in most of their central European range and the species has been shown to be an umbrella for high species richness, a profound knowledge of the species' ecology is essential for the conservation of the charismatic bird

Studies on Trypanosoma (nannomonas) congolense: IV. Experimental immunization of mice against tsetse fly Challenge

Groups of mice were exposed to multiple bites by tsetse flies (Glossina morsitans morsitans) infected with a clone of Trypanosoma congolense spread over a period of 8 days. The mice were subsequently treated with Berenil 10 days after the first fly bite as were uninfected control mice. The group of mice which received 12-15 infectious fly bites on two occasions, 21 days apart, were subsequently resistant to infection when re-challenged by flies infected with the same clone of T. congolense. These mice were also immune to challenge by flies infected with a different bloodstream variable antigen type derived from this same stock. The immunity was stock-specific and directed against the metacyclic forms of the parasite, but was short-live