Identification and Characterization of Potential Impurities of Dronedarone Hydrochloride

Six potential process related impurities were detected during the impurity profile study of an antiarrhythmic drug substance, Dronedarone (<b>1</b>). Simple high performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry methods were used for the detection of these process impurities. Based on the synthesis and spectral data (MS, IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, and DEPT), the structures of these impurities were characterized as 5-amino-3-[4-(3-di-<i>n</i>-butylaminopropoxy)­benzoyl]-2-<i>n</i>-butylbenzofuran (impurity I); <i>N</i>-(2-butyl-3-(4-(3-(dibutylamino)­propoxy)­benzoyl)­benzofuran-5-yl)-<i>N</i>-(methylsulfonyl)­methanesulfonamide (impurity II); <i>N</i>-(2-butyl-3-(4-(3-(dibutylamino)­propoxy)­benzoyl)­benzofuran-5-yl)-1-chloromethanesulfonamide (impurity III); <i>N</i>-{2-propyl-3-[4-(3-dibutylaminopropoxy)­benzoyl]­benzofuran-5-yl}­methanesulfonamide (impurity IV); <i>N</i>-(2-butyl-3-(4-(3-(dibutylamino)­propoxy)­benzoyl)­benzofuran-5-yl)­formamide (impurity V); and (2-butyl-5-((3-(dibutylamino)­propyl)­amino)­benzofuran-3-yl)­(4-(3-(dibutylamino)­propoxy)­phenyl)­methanone (impurity VI). The synthesis and characterization of these impurities are discussed in detail

Recent advances in dynamic facility layout research

Author has retained copyright of article. Article was deposited after permission was granted by SHERPA/ROMEO 08/09/2017It has been nearly two decades since the last major review of the literature in dynamic facility layout. In these intervening years, many advances have been made in modelling as well as in the solution methods. In this study, models and solutions that address the dynamic facility layout problem (DFLP) are examined and categorized. Our review finds that the recent DFLP models consider more complex design features and constraints. Further, only a few DFLP studies have adopted exact methods, while most of the effective algorithms used are heuristics, metaheuristics and hybrid approaches. Future research directions are also identified