776 research outputs found
Nonlinear response of single-molecule nanomagnets: equilibrium and dynamical
We present an experimental study of the {\em nonlinear} susceptibility of
Mn single-molecule magnets. We investigate both their
thermal-equilibrium and dynamical nonlinear responses. The equilibrium results
show the sensitivity of the nonlinear susceptibility to the magnetic
anisotropy, which is nearly absent in the linear response for axes distributed
at random. The nonlinear dynamic response of Mn was recently found to be
very large and displaying peaks reversed with respect to classical
superparamagnets [F. Luis {\em et al.}, Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 92}, 107201
(2004)]. Here we corroborate the proposed explanation -- strong field
dependence of the relaxation rate due to the detuning of tunnel energy levels.
This is done by studying the orientational dependence of the nonlinear
susceptibility, which permits to isolate the quantum detuning contribution.
Besides, from the analysis of the longitudinal and transverse contributions we
estimate a bound for the decoherence time due to the coupling to the phonon
bath.Comment: 13 pages, 8 figures, resubmitted to Phys. Rev. B with minor change
Large quantum nonlinear dynamic susceptibility of single-molecule magnets
The nonlinear dynamical response of Mn single-molecule magnets is
experimentally found to be very large, quite insensitive to the spin-lattice
coupling constant, and displaying peaks reversed with respect to classical
superparamagnets. It is shown that these features are caused by the strong
field dependence of the relaxation rate due to the detuning of energy levels
between which tunneling takes place. The nonlinear susceptibility technique,
previously overlooked, is thus proposed as a privileged probe to ascertain the
occurrence of quantum effects in mesoscopic magnetic systems.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Temperature dependence of antiferromagnetic susceptibility in ferritin
We show that antiferromagnetic susceptibility in ferritin increases with
temperature between 4.2 K and 180 K (i. e. below the N\'{e}el temperature) when
taken as the derivative of the magnetization at high fields (
Oe). This behavior contrasts with the decrease in temperature previously found,
where the susceptibility was determined at lower fields ( Oe). At
high fields (up to Oe) the temperature dependence of the
antiferromagnetic susceptibility in ferritin nanoparticles approaches the
normal behavior of bulk antiferromagnets and nanoparticles considering
superantiferromagnetism, this latter leading to a better agreement at high
field and low temperature. The contrast with the previous results is due to the
insufficient field range used ( Oe), not enough to saturate the
ferritin uncompensated moment.Comment: 7 pages, 7 figures, accepted in Phys. Rev.
Eficacia de finasterida en el tratamiento de la hematuria asociada a la hiperplasia protática benigna
La hematuria es una complicación de la hiperplasia benigna de próstata (HBP), tanto en su evolución natural como durante el seguimiento post cirugÃa prostática. En el estudio de Mebust et al., de 3000 pacientes sometidos a prostactectomÃa por Hiperplasia prostática benigna (HBP), en el 12 % la presencia de hematuria fue la causa de esta indicación quirúrgica (1). Existen escasas referencias de la acción de la finasterida ante dicho sÃntoma (2-7), aunque los resultados publicados hasta el momento demuestran un efecto terapéutico precoz y estable mientras dura el tratamient
Characterizing sampling and quality screening biases in infrared and microwave limb sounding
This study investigates orbital sampling biases and evaluates the additional
impact caused by data quality screening for the Michelson Interferometer for
Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) and the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder
(MLS). MIPAS acts as a proxy for typical infrared limb emission sounders,
while MLS acts as a proxy for microwave limb sounders. These biases were
calculated for temperature and several trace gases by interpolating model
fields to real sampling patterns and, additionally, screening those locations
as directed by their corresponding quality criteria. Both instruments have
dense uniform sampling patterns typical of limb emission sounders, producing
almost identical sampling biases. However, there is a substantial difference
between the number of locations discarded. MIPAS, as a mid-infrared
instrument, is very sensitive to clouds, and measurements affected by them
are thus rejected from the analysis. For example, in the tropics, the MIPAS
yield is strongly affected by clouds, while MLS is mostly unaffected.
The results show that upper-tropospheric sampling biases in zonally averaged
data, for both instruments, can be up to 10 to 30 %, depending on the
species, and up to 3 K for temperature. For MIPAS, the sampling reduction
due to quality screening worsens the biases, leading to values as large as
30 to 100 % for the trace gases and expanding the 3 K bias region for
temperature. This type of sampling bias is largely induced by the geophysical
origins of the screening (e.g. clouds). Further, analysis of long-term time
series reveals that these additional quality screening biases may affect the
ability to accurately detect upper-tropospheric long-term changes using such
data. In contrast, MLS data quality screening removes
sufficiently few points that no additional bias is introduced, although its
penetration is limited to the upper troposphere, while MIPAS may cover well
into the mid-troposphere in cloud-free scenarios. We emphasize that the
results of this study refer only to the representativeness of the respective
data, not to their intrinsic quality
Capital social y democracia: explorando normas, valores y redes sociales en el Perú
Propone estudiar el funcionamiento de la sociedad civil peruana desde la perspectiva del capital social, concepto cuyo uso se ha conocido durante la última década tanto en el campo académico como en el de los organismos multilaterales. Contiene cuatro capÃtulos. En el primero, se examina crÃticamente la compleja trayectoria que ha seguido el concepto de capital social desde que comenzó a ser empleado en las Ciencias Sociales. El segundo capÃtulo, analiza las caracterÃsticas y limitaciones más importantes de un tipo de organizaciones voluntarias que encuentran en los valores religiosos de la caridad cristiana su principal fuente de inspiración. El tercero estudia las estrategias colectivas y el tipo de liderazgo que desarrollan las organizaciones vecinales en su búsqueda por conseguir una vivienda digna. El cuarto capÃtulo intenta identificar los principales obstáculos que enfrentan las Comunidades Locales de Administración de Salud para conseguir que la población participe y esté adecuadamente representada en la gestión de este tipo de establecimientos. Finalmente, se formulan algunas reflexiones a la luz de los capÃtulos anteriores
Deformidad vertebral y mielomeningocele: actitud terapéutica y resultados
Presentamos nuestra experiencia en el tratamiento quirúrgico de la deformidad
vertebral relacionada con el mielomeningocele entre los años 1972 y 1995. En ese
perÃodo un total de 48 pacientes fueron intervenidos. Se han evaluado las condiciones generales
previas, el estado prequirúrgico, las diversas modalidades de instrumentación y
el resultado de las mismas, asà como el tipo y número de complicaciones. Durante el perÃodo
posquirúrgico inmediato hemos encontrado un porcentaje de infecciones del 68%.
Sin embargo, el resultado final, tanto del equilibrio pélvico como del vertebral conseguido,
no estuvo influenciado significativamente por esta complicación. El tipo de patologÃa,
las complicaciones generales derivadas de la misma, el tiempo quirúrgico empleado y las
pérdidas sanguÃneas, son condiciones estrechamente relacionadas con el número de infecciones
encontradas.We present our experience on the surgical treatment of myelomeningocelelinked
vertebral deformity between 1972 and 1995. We evaluated the previous general
condition, the presurgical status, the instrument modalities and their outcome, as well as
the type and number of complications in a series of 48 patients. During the immediate
postoperative period, we found a 68% infection rate. However, the end result for pelvic as
well as vertebral balance was not influenced significantly by this complication. The number
of infections found is closely linked to the specific pathology, the complications, duration
of operation, and blood loss
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