2,471 research outputs found
Three particles in a finite volume: The breakdown of spherical symmetry
Lattice simulations of light nuclei necessarily take place in finite volumes,
thus affecting their infrared properties. These effects can be addressed in a
model-independent manner using Effective Field Theories. We study the model
case of three identical bosons (mass m) with resonant two-body interactions in
a cubic box with periodic boundary conditions, which can also be generalized to
the three-nucleon system in a straightforward manner. Our results allow for the
removal of finite volume effects from lattice results as well as the
determination of infinite volume scattering parameters from the volume
dependence of the spectrum. We study the volume dependence of several states
below the break-up threshold, spanning one order of magnitude in the binding
energy in the infinite volume, for box side lengths L between the two-body
scattering length a and L = 0.25a. For example, a state with a three-body
energy of -3/(ma^2) in the infinite volume has been shifted to -10/(ma^2) at L
= a. Special emphasis is put on the consequences of the breakdown of spherical
symmetry and several ways to perturbatively treat the ensuing partial wave
admixtures. We find their contributions to be on the sub-percent level compared
to the strong volume dependence of the S-wave component. For shallow bound
states, we find a transition to boson-diboson scattering behavior when
decreasing the size of the finite volume.Comment: 21 pages, 4 figures, 2 table
Patterns and localized structures in bistable semiconductor resonators
We report experiments on spatial switching dynamics and steady state
structures of passive nonlinear semiconductor resonators of large Fresnel
number. Extended patterns and switching front dynamics are observed and
investigated. Evidence of localization of structures is given.Comment: 5 pages with 9 figure
From Bloch model to the rate equations II: the case of almost degenerate energy levels
Bloch equations give a quantum description of the coupling between an atom
and a driving electric force. In this article, we address the asymptotics of
these equations for high frequency electric fields, in a weakly coupled regime.
We prove the convergence towards rate equations (i.e. linear Boltzmann
equations, describing the transitions between energy levels of the atom). We
give an explicit form for the transition rates. This has already been performed
in [BFCD03] in the case when the energy levels are fixed, and for different
classes of electric fields: quasi or almost periodic, KBM, or with continuous
spectrum. Here, we extend the study to the case when energy levels are possibly
almost degenerate. However, we need to restrict to quasiperiodic forcings. The
techniques used stem from manipulations on the density matrix and the averaging
theory for ordinary differential equations. Possibly perturbed small divisor
estimates play a key role in the analysis. In the case of a finite number of
energy levels, we also precisely analyze the initial time-layer in the rate
aquation, as well as the long-time convergence towards equilibrium. We give
hints and counterexamples in the infinite dimensional case
Statistical mechanical theory of an oscillating isolated system. The relaxation to equilibrium
In this contribution we show that a suitably defined nonequilibrium entropy
of an N-body isolated system is not a constant of the motion in general and its
variation is bounded, the bounds determined by the thermodynamic entropy, i.e.,
the equilibrium entropy. We define the nonequilibrium entropy as a convex
functional of the set of n-particle reduced distribution functions
(n=0,......., N) generalizing the Gibbs fine-grained entropy formula.
Additionally, as a consequence of our microscopic analysis we find that this
nonequilibrium entropy behaves as a free entropic oscillator. In the approach
to the equilibrium regime we find relaxation equations of the Fokker-Planck
type, particularly for the one-particle distribution function
Self-organization, pattern formation, cavity solitons, and rogue waves in singly resonant optical parametric oscillators
The spatiotemporal dynamics of singly resonant optical parametric oscillators with external seeding displays hexagonal, roll, and honeycomb patterns, optical turbulence, rogue waves, and cavity solitons. We derive appropriate mean-field equations with a sinc2 nonlinearity and demonstrate that off-resonance seeding is necessary and responsible for the formation of complex spatial structures via self-organization. We compare this model with those derived close to the threshold of signal generation and find that back-conversion of signal and idler photons is responsible for multiple regions of spatiotemporal self-organization when increasing the power of the pump field
Radon and risk of extrapulmonary cancers: results of the German uranium miners' cohort study, 1960–2003
Data from the German miners' cohort study were analysed to investigate whether radon in ambient air causes cancers other than lung cancer. The cohort includes 58 987 men who were employed for at least 6 months from 1946 to 1989 at the former Wismut uranium mining company in Eastern Germany. A total of 20 684 deaths were observed in the follow-up period from 1960 to 2003. The death rates for 24 individual cancer sites were compared with the age and calendar year-specific national death rates. Internal Poisson regression was used to estimate the excess relative risk (ERR) per unit of cumulative exposure to radon in working level months (WLM). The number of deaths observed (O) for extrapulmonary cancers combined was close to that expected (E) from national rates (n=3340, O/E=1.02; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.98–1.05). Statistically significant increases in mortality were recorded for cancers of the stomach (O/E=1.15; 95% CI: 1.06–1.25) and liver (O/E=1.26; 95% CI: 1.07–1.48), whereas significant decreases were found for cancers of the tongue, mouth, salivary gland and pharynx combined (O/E=0.80; 95% CI: 0.65–0.97) and those of the bladder (O/E=0.82; 95% CI: 0.70–0.95). A statistically significant relationship with cumulative radon exposure was observed for all extrapulmonary cancers (ERR/WLM=0.014%; 95% CI: 0.006–0.023%). Most sites showed positive exposure–response relationships, but these were insignificant or became insignificant after adjustment for potential confounders such as arsenic or dust exposure. The present data provide some evidence of increased risk of extrapulmonary cancers associated with radon, but chance and confounding cannot be ruled out
Pseudorapidity Distribution of Charged Particles in PbarP Collisions at root(s)= 630GeV
Using a silicon vertex detector, we measure the charged particle
pseudorapidity distribution over the range 1.5 to 5.5 using data collected from
PbarP collisions at root s = 630 GeV. With a data sample of 3 million events,
we deduce a result with an overall normalization uncertainty of 5%, and typical
bin to bin errors of a few percent. We compare our result to the measurement of
UA5, and the distribution generated by the Lund Monte Carlo with default
settings. This is only the second measurement at this level of precision, and
only the second measurement for pseudorapidity greater than 3.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures, LaTeX format. For ps file see
http://hep1.physics.wayne.edu/harr/harr.html Submitted to Physics Letters
Noncommutative Differential Calculus for D-brane in Non-Constant B Field Background
In this paper we try to construct noncommutative Yang-Mills theory for
generic Poisson manifolds. It turns out that the noncommutative differential
calculus defined in an old work is exactly what we need. Using this calculus,
we generalize results about the Seiberg-Witten map, the Dirac-Born-Infeld
action, the matrix model and the open string quantization for constant B field
to non-constant background with H=0.Comment: 21 pages, Latex file, references added, minor modificatio
Quiver Structure of Heterotic Moduli
We analyse the vector bundle moduli arising from generic heterotic
compactifications from the point of view of quiver representations. Phenomena
such as stability walls, crossing between chambers of supersymmetry, splitting
of non-Abelian bundles and dynamic generation of D-terms are succinctly encoded
into finite quivers. By studying the Poincar\'e polynomial of the quiver moduli
space using the Reineke formula, we can learn about such useful concepts as
Donaldson-Thomas invariants, instanton transitions and supersymmetry breaking.Comment: 38 pages, 5 figures, 1 tabl
Mirror Symmetry, Mirror Map and Applications to Calabi-Yau Hypersurfaces
Mirror Symmetry, Picard-Fuchs equations and instanton corrected Yukawa
couplings are discussed within the framework of toric geometry. It allows to
establish mirror symmetry of Calabi-Yau spaces for which the mirror manifold
had been unavailable in previous constructions. Mirror maps and Yukawa
couplings are explicitly given for several examples with two and three moduli.Comment: 59 pages. Some changes in the references, a few minor points have
been clarifie
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