924 research outputs found
Influence of agroecological factors on biologically active compounds in globe artichoke heads
Received: June 6th, 2022 ; Accepted: October 4th, 2022 ; Published: October 21st, 2022 ; Correspondence: [email protected] composition of biologically active compounds in plants depends on the climate
and growing conditions, cultivar properties, plant development stage, harvesting time and other
factors. The research aimed to evaluate the effect of agroecological factors on the composition of
biologically active compounds in globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus (L.) Fiori)
heads. The experiment was carried out under open field conditions in the Institute of Horticulture,
in PĆ«re Research centre during the vegetation period of 2015 and 2016. The experiment was
arranged in two different soils: brown soil with residual carbonates and the soil strongly altered
by cultivation and used two types of seed treatment (without vernalisation, with vernalisation).
The quality was evaluated at each harvest time during the all vegetation period. Significant
influence of the tested factors on the biochemical content of heads was stated on the
content of phenols (73â213 mg GAE 100 g-1 fresh weight) and vitamin C in artichoke heads
(5â20 mg 100 g-1 fresh weight). Pigments, flavonoids and antiradical activity was not
significantly influenced by the tested factors. A slight tendency on producing a higher content of
biologically active compounds in more harsh conditions was observed, particularly for phenols
and flavonoids
Germination and growth of primary roots of inoculated bean (Vicia faba) seeds under different temperatures
ArticleTemperature stress strongly affects legumes,
rhizobia, and the efficiency of legume
-
rhizobia interaction. An experiment in 2016 was developed to test the seed germination in Petri
dishes using different microorganism inoculation under several temperature treatments (4, 8, 12
and 20
°C)
. The goal of t
his study was to test the effect of rhizobium inoculation under low root
zone temperature, and to examine whether the addition of mycorrhiza fungi could enhance
rhizobia resistance to abiotic stress and improve faba bean (
Vicia faba
)
germination. Four faba
bean cultivars were selected for the experiment (âLielplatoneâ, âFuegoâ, âBartekâ and
âKarmazynâ). Four different seed inoculation variants were included in this experiment
â
1)
with
rhizobium inoculation; 2)
with a commercial preparation containing mycor
rhiza fungi;
3)
inoculation with both rhizobium and the mycorrhiza fungi preparation; 4) control variant. The
number of germinated seeds, the length of the primary root and the primary root weight ratio were
determined. The effect of inoculation was found
out to be dependent not only on the temperature
treatment, but it also significantly varied between the bean cultivars. Variants where seeds were
inoculated with both mycorrhiza and rhizobia resulted in the highest results (length and weight
ratio of prima
ry roots), comparing with other inoculation variants, regardless of temperature.
Variants where seeds were treated only with rhizobia mostly showed the lowest results
â
both
length and weight ratio of primary roots, especially under treatment of 4
°C
. Faba
bean
inoculation with only rhizobia might not be efficient, when sowing seeds under a low temperature
stress. Inoculation with both rhizobia and mycorrhiza fungi could be a potential solution, when
the root zone temperature is still below the optimal temp
erature
Development of symbiotic interactions in the faba bean (Vicia faba L.) roots
ArticleDouble-inoculation of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) seeds before sowing with rhizobium
bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi is a known agronomic practice. It improves symbiotic nitrogen
fixation and enhances legume supply with mineral elements and water. Effective symbiosis
makes it possible to replace some of the required mineral fertilizer needed for plant growth with
symbiotically fixed. This will ensure more environmentally friendly agricultural production. The
formation of an effective symbiosis depends on a number of biotic and abiotic factors affecting
the biochemical signals released by the partners. The biochemical mediator for symbiosis
formation is flavonoids. The aim of this experiment was to test the effects of rhizobial and
mycorrhizal inocula on symbiosis formation under different temperatures. Beans are an important
source of protein for animal feed and human consumption. Four cultivars of faba beans were used
- two V. faba var. minor Beck. -âFuegoâ and âLielplatoneâ, and two V. faba var. major Harz. -
âBartekâ and âKarmazynâ. The combination of microorganisms for seed inoculation influenced
the frequency of root mycorrhization and abundance of arbuscules. The content of flavonoids in
seed exudates correlated (r = 0.93) with germination temperatures. The use of mycorrhizal fungi
alone or in combination with rhizobia reduced the amount of flavonoids in the bean seed exudate.
In the pot experiment the amount and size of nodules significantly differed between cultivars.
Use of mycorrhizal preparation mitigated the effect of inadequate germination temperature.
Higher degree of mycorrhization and more intense formation of arbusculs formation was
observed in the bean roots grown in vegetation pots in comparison with field ones. Local bred
âLielplatoneâ had significantly better compatibility with microsymbionts in local agroclimatic
conditions
Pioneer neurog1 expressing cells ingress into the otic epithelium and instruct neuronal specification
Neural patterning involves regionalised cell specification. Recent studies indicate that cell dynamics play instrumental roles in neural pattern refinement and progression, but the impact of cell behaviour and morphogenesis on neural specification is not understood. Here we combine 4D analysis of cell behaviours with dynamic quantification of proneural expression to uncover the construction of the zebrafish otic neurogenic domain. We identify pioneer cells expressing neurog1 outside the otic epithelium that migrate and ingress into the epithelialising placode to become the first otic neuronal progenitors. Subsequently, neighbouring cells express neurog1 inside the placode, and apical symmetric divisions amplify the specified pool. Interestingly, pioneer cells delaminate shortly after ingression. Ablation experiments reveal that pioneer cells promote neurog1 expression in other otic cells. Finally, ingression relies on the epithelialisation timing controlled by FGF activity. We propose a novel view for otic neurogenesis integrating cell dynamics whereby ingression of pioneer cells instructs neuronal specification
Experimental analysis of IoT based camera SI-NDVI values for tomato plant health monitoring application
This paper reveals an IoT based camera design to capture SI-NDVI parameters and
describes first obtained data analysis regarding luminary spectrum impact on readings in real
greenhouse application. For experimental comparison, measurements of Encore, Strabena,
Audiance, Bolzano, Forticia and Chocomate tomato plants, both for the âbestâ and the âweakestâ
plant sample, using IoT based camera solution and portable leaf spectrometer. First experimental
results show that this approach can be applied for tomato plant monitoring, and reveals some
ideas about possible precision improvements
Evolutionary dynamics of the elevational diversity gradient in passerine birds
These authors contributed equally: Paul van Els, Leonel Herrera-Alsina. Acknowledgements The research of P.v.E. was facilitated by the Adaptive Life Program of the Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering at the University of Groningen. L.H.-A. thanks the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y TecnologĂa of Mexico for funding (CVUâ385304âL). R.S.E. thanks the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) for financial support through a VICI grant. A.L.P. is funded by a Royal Society University Research Fellowship. We thank the Center for Information Technology of the University of Groningen for their support and for providing access to the Peregrine high-performance computing cluster.Peer reviewedPostprin
Thermal decontamination of sewage sludge
Every year a huge amount of sewage sludge is formed at municipal wastewater
treatment plants. Sewage sludge contains a sufficient amount of biogenic elements and organic
components, which characterizes them as possible raw materials for the production of organic
fertilizers. However, direct incorporation of these sediments into the soil is impossible due to the
fact that, in addition to useful organic and mineral components, they contain pathogens, viruses
and helminth eggs. The aim of the study was to optimise thermal disinfection conditions for
preparing of safety sewage sludge fertilizer. Laboratory studies were carried out using sediments
from wastewater treatment plants of some cities. During laboratory experiments, the conditions
for thermal disinfection of sediments â the thickness of the sediment layer, the air temperature in
the disinfection furnace, and the treatment time of the sediment â were determined. When
conducting industrial tests of a conveyor-type sediment decontamination furnace, the operating
conditions of the furnace were determined, i.e., the temperature regimes of the sludge heating
zone, the decontamination zone and the cooling zone, and the optimum parameters of the sludge
layer thickness on the conveyor and the conveyor speed were determined
Leaf spectral clusters as potential optical leaf functional types within California ecosystems
Our ability to measure and map plant function at multiple ecological scales is critical for understanding current and future changes in Earth's ecosystems and the global carbon budget. Conventional plant functional types (cPFTs) based on a few productivity-related traits have been previously used to simplify and represent major differences in global plant functions, but more recent research has directly focused on the use of functional trait information. Still, sampling limitations have constrained efforts to truly understand the variance and covariance of functional traits globally. Reflectance spectra offer a fast, repeatable, simultaneous measurement of a wide variety of leaf functional traits and could be used to optically define leaf functional types. To evaluate this concept, we measured leaf reflectance from a wide range of species in a diverse set of ecosystems across central and northern California, including observations from multiple individuals, sites, and seasons. Using principal components analysis, we analyzed spectral variation in relation to categorical attributes such as species and cPFTs, as well as to a set of functional trait metrics calculated from the spectra. We found the first three principal components (PCs) to be weakly related to categorical attributes and more strongly related to spectrally-derived functional metrics. Each PC was more strongly associated with different portions of the spectrum and contained different functional information. We applied a hybrid clustering algorithm to the PC coordinates of the observations to define potential optical leaf functional types. Twelve spectral clusters were identified, and these did not correspond directly to either single cPFTs or species. However, each cluster had a unique functional metric profile. Clusters represented both inter- and intra-species and cPFT functional differences driven by taxonomy, trait evolution and environmental responses, demonstrating their value as optical leaf functional types and the value of the clustering approach used here for defining optical types from leaf spectra. Our findings support the notion that cPFTs do not adequately capture differences in leaf function. They demonstrate that spectral measurements can be used to improve both the definition of PFTs as well as our knowledge regarding the covariance of functional traits within these classes
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