Linear zones of secondary dolomitization of reservoir rocks of Tevlinsko-Russkinskoye field - Markers of migrations paths of oil-bearing fluid

It was found that the linear direction of the secondary dolomitization within Tevlinsko-Russkinskoye field crosses tectonically contrasting tightly adjoining and hydrodynamically connected with each other areas of compressiontensile. On the basis of it we have established functioning of the natural "tectonic pump" in the field. This phenomenon due to the tangential multidirectional movements during periods of structural rearrangements produced pumping the bulk of the fluid (including oil-bearing fluid) on the most impervious paths marked by the formation of authigenic dolomite

The role of petrogenic water in the hydrothermal process and oil migration in the structures of tectonic activation in Western Siberia

It was found that at the convective heat and mass transfer in the region of Krasnoleninskiy arch (Western Siberia) pulsed lateral pressure mode contributed to an avalanche release of interlayer water from the Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous smectites (montmorillonites) in the free state at their hydromication. Resurgent (petrogenic) water composed the basis of the forming hydrothermal fluids responsible for the processes of ultra-acidic leaching, metasomatism, generation and migration of hydrocarbons. Express micro-oil evacuation from the source bed, which prevents its oxidation with subsequent formation of oil deposits, primarily associated with periods of tectonic and hydrothermal activation of sedimentary basins, regardless of whether they are rifting or are not complicated by rifting

Role of geothermal process in secondary screen formation and conservation of oil saturation of Bazhenov-Abalak complex

At the early stage of the stress-strain state in the Krasnoleninskij swell the character of hydrothermal transformation of the sedimentary strata in the Talinskoye field and Palyanovskaya area used to differ. In the former case, large-scale acid leaching of the Tyumen formation rocks has been recorded, with large amounts of dissolution products being carried outside the Talinskoye field. The early activation stage took place under sharp pulsating stress at elevated temperatures. That was conductive to intermittent release of interlayer water from smectites within the Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous beds in the process of their illitization. Blocks of major accumulations of montmorillonite clays (the Early Cretaceous Frolovian series), that have been affected by convective heat and mass transfer during tectonic activation, acted as sources of avalanche inflow of petrogenic water into the general balance of the artesian system or into the Sherkalian formation rocks within the Tyumen formation. The water in question made the basis for the resulting hydrothermal solutions peculiar for high dissolving capacity. Eventually, the entire complex of unstable terrigenous minerals from the Sherkalian formation has been subjected to almost complete leaching. That has resulted in generation of numerous secondary cavities and expansion of macro and micro fractures. They are generally interconnected through a system of fractures. As a consequence, sandstones and gravelites in the Talinskoye field have acquired super-reservoir properties and reservoirs of the Tyumen formation in the Palyanovsky block have been converted to secondary screens. At the late activation stage, with noticeable relaxation of the stressdeformed state of the cover in the Talinskoye field, intense leaching was replaced by mineral formation and oil inflow into the hydrothermal system. Considering the hydrodynamic connection between the Bazhenov and the Tyumen formations in the zones of faults and branching fracturing, one may state that oil from the Bazhenov beds at that time has been totally or substantially redistributed by means of natural tectonic pumping; super-reservoirs of the Sherkalian formation were among the destination places. Thus, the Sherkalian formation makes the principal productive horizon within the Talinskoye field, while no oil occurs in the Bazhenov formation of the field, which is substantiated by the data acquired. In the adjacent Palyanovsky block, the bulk of the syngenetic oil remained in the rocks of the Bazhenov-Abalak complex

Authigenic dolomite of Bazhen source successions as an indicator of the final stage of hydrocarbon generation

Petrographic observations, substantiated by the X-ray phase examinations, have revealed dissimilar character of the secondary dolomite development within the highly bituminous rocks of the Bazhenov formation. The mineral in question has not been found in any dry holes. In the low- and medium-flow-rate wells (160-2160 tons per day), it, alongside with other minerals, is more or less uniformly distributed in the principal bituminous mass, impregnates it, producing a peculiar 'starry arch' pattern in thin rock sections. In case of high oil influxes (more than 80 tons per day), the amount of newly formed dolomite rises sharply, its nature and localization character alter. It is important to emphasize, that the dry holes are maximally remote from the faults, and the most productive well has been drilled directly within the tectonic dislocation zone. The rest of the low- and medium-flow-rate wells occur in the intermediate positions relative to the faults. Productivity of the Bazhenov Formation and generation of authigenous dolomite are controlled by the rock heating degree. Increased temperatures (at about 200°C) are required for normal dolomite generation. Within the settings of tectonohydrothermal activation of the Western Siberian Plate, hydrocarbon generation in the oil and gas source rocks occurs under the following temperatures: oil - from 60 to 170°C, oil + gas condensate - from 150 to 200°C). The investigation results show that the algal authigenous dolomite from the Bazhenov formation has not resulted from diagenesis; it has originated autonomously, due to heating of the highly bituminous, Mg and Cacomprising rocks. The absence or the presence of algal dolomite in situ indicates whether the highly bituminous source series of the Bazhenov Formation has been subjected to the stage of final hydrocarbons generation or not. The areas with the occurrences of algal authigenous dolomite should be regarded as the areas of intense (final) hydrocarbons generation by the Bazhenov deposits

ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ ПОСЛЕДЕЙСТВИЕ ДЛЯ МИКРОФЛОРЫ ПОЧВЫ ИНТЕНСИВНОГО ВЫРАЩИВАНИЯ ЛУКА В ОДНОЛЕТНЕЙ КУЛЬТУРЕ

Abstract. The paper investigates long-term influence of intensive rearing of non-perennial onion on microflora and phytotoxicity of leached chernozem in a year after harvesting. Early season and middle season hybrids were experimentally cultivated in 2010–2011 supported by drop irrigation, fertigation and plant protection agents. The researchers arranged two control grounds where zero tillage was restricted; they selected soil samples from the control sample plots and other land in the end of vegetation and incubate them during a year in growth chamber by means of modelling seasons. After a year, the researchers analyzed the number of bacterium consuming organic and mineral nitrogen, oligonitrophils, actonomyces and fungi and phytoxicity of tested radish. The revealed lack of long-term phytotoxic effects of intensive technology on soil microflora, which destructs easily decomposed organic remnants and further nitrogen immobilization. Negative effects were observed under early season onion hybrids after 17–20 % suppressing actonomyces and fungi and longterm soil oligotrophic ability; middle season hybrids are characterized by long-term oligotrophic ability and suppressing actonomyces in 1.6 times. This technology affects the environment as a breach in microbial community revealed in changing number of hydrolitics, copyotrophs and oligotrophs. It certifies about longer than 12 months period of soil microflora remediation after pesticide stress in the Ob area.Изучено пролонгированное влияние интенсивного выращивания однолетней культуры лука репчатого на состояние микрофлоры и фитотоксичность выщелоченного чернозема через год после уборки лука. Раннеспелый и среднеспелый гибриды лука выращивали в 2010–2011 гг. в двух производственных опытах на фоне капельного орошения, фертигации и применения средств защиты растений. В посевах выделяли контрольные площадки, где ограничивали гербицидные обработки. В конце вегетации с контрольных делянок и остальной площади отбирали почвенные образцы, которые инкубировали в течение года в климакамере, моделируя смену сезонов. По истечении года в почве анализировали численность бактерий, усваивающих органический и минеральный азот, олигонитрофилов, актиномицетов и грибов и фитотоксичность на тест-объекте редисе. Выявили отсутствие длительных фитотоксических эффектов и последействия интенсивной технологии для почвенной микрофлоры, осуществляющей деструкцию легкоразлагаемых органических остатков и дальнейшую иммобилизацию азота. Негативные последствия проявились под раннеспелыми гибридами лука подавлением на 17–20 % численности актиномицетов и грибов и пролонгирован ной олиготрофностью почвы, под среднеспелыми гибридами – пролонгированной олиготрофностью и подавлением в 1,6 раза обилия актиномицетов. Экологическим последствием изученной технологии стало нарушение структуры микробного сообщества, выразившееся в изменении соотношений гидролитиков, копиотрофов и олиготрофов. Это свидетельствует о более длительном, чем 12 месяцев, сроке восстановления в Приобье микрофлоры почвы после пестицидного стресса.

Effects of phosphate shortage on root growth and hormone content of barley depend on capacity of the roots to accumulate aba

Although changes in root architecture in response to the environment can optimize mineral and water nutrient uptake, mechanisms regulating these changes are not well-understood. We investigated whether P deprivation effects on root development are mediated by abscisic acid (ABA) and its interactions with other hormones. The ABA-deficient barley mutant Az34 and its wild-type (WT) were grown in P-deprived and P-replete conditions, and hormones were measured in whole roots and root tips. Although P deprivation decreased growth in shoot mass similarly in both genotypes, only the WT increased primary root length and number of lateral roots. The effect was accompanied by ABA accumulation in root tips, a response not seen in Az34. Increased ABA in P-deprived WT was accompanied by decreased concentrations of cytokinin, an inhibitor of root extension. Furthermore, P-deficiency in the WT increased auxin concentration in whole root systems in association with increased root branching. In the ABA-deficient mutant, P-starvation failed to stimulate root elongation or promote branching, and there was no decline in cytokinin and no increase in auxin. The results demonstrate ABA’s ability to mediate in root growth responses to P starvation in barley, an effect linked to its effects on cytokinin and auxin concentrations

Neotectonics and Modern Geodynamics of Verkhnekamskoe Potash Salt Deposit

Рассматривается новейшая структура территории Верхнекамского месторождения калийных солей (ВКМКС), которая может влиять на современное состояние соляной залежи и быть одной из причин происходящих негативных природнотехногенных процессов. На основании структурно-геодинамических исследований в пределах новейшего Соликамского поднятия выделены три неотектонические области, Северная, Центральная и Южная, отличающиеся типом новейших структур, геодинамическими условиями их формирования и степенью наследования соляных структур. Оценено происхождение новейших структур, которое связывается с латеральным СЗ-ЮВ сжатием, при котором формируются обратные соотношения разновозрастных структур и происходит активизация древних разломов. Отмечается, что для предупреждения катастрофических провалов и опасных горно-геологических явлений необходимы учет и оценка не только древних герцинских дислокаций, но и неотектонических структур и геодинамических условий их формирования

Особенности пространственного распространения онкологических заболеваний на территории Гомельской и Могилевской областей Беларуси

The article presents the results of the cartographic analysis of the Belarusian Cancer Registry data, including the spatial features of morbidity due to cancer in different sex and age groups of the rural population. The maps, characterizing the features of the spatial heterogeneity of the oncological diseases (OD) in the Gomel and Mogilev regions of Belarus, were built for the first time. The performed mapping revealed the anomalous zones, representing the groups of compactly located rural settlements, for which the OD level (including OD of different localizations observed in both men and women) differs by a factor of 4 or more. The assessed differences in the OD risk are statistically significant. On this basis, we infer that the anomalous zones in the territory of Belarus, in any case, demonstrate both a high spatial contrast of OD manifestation and regular spatial organization. These confirm the hypothesis about a relationship between the OD risk and the environmental parameters and, in turn, allow a reasonable conclusion about the endemic nature of cancer as a provoked “human disease”. We consider that the detected zones of positive and negative anomalies must have significant ecological and geochemical differences. Therefore, they should be recognized as the objects of priority control since the population living in the high-risk areas undoubtedly needs priority screening and applying the corresponding preventive measures.Рассматриваются результаты картографического анализа материалов белорусского канцер-регистра и исследуется картина наблюдаемой эпидемиологической обстановки применительно к онкологической заболеваемости (ОЗ) разных локализаций, свойственной разным половозрастных группам сельского населения. В ходе работ были впервые построены карты, характеризующие специфику пространственной неоднородности распространения ОЗ на территории Гомельской и Могилевской областей Беларуси. В результате были выявлены аномальные зоны, представляющие собой группы компактно расположенных населенных пунктов, для которых уровень ОЗ (в том числе и ОЗ разных локализаций, наблюдаемых как у мужчин, так и у женщин) различается в 4 и более раза. Наблюдаемые различия риска возникновения ОЗ были оценены как статистически значимые и на этом основании сделано заключение о том, что выявленные аномальные зоны, во всяком случае на территории Беларуси, отличаются не только высокой пространственной контрастностью, но и закономерной пространственной организацией, что подтверждает гипотезу о наличии связи риска возникновения ОЗ с параметрами внешней среды и, в свою очередь, позволяет сделать обоснованное заключение об эндемической природе рака как спровоцированного «человеческого» заболевания. Предлагается гипотеза, что обнаруженные зоны как положительной, так и отрицательной аномальности должны обладать существенными эколого-геохимическими различиями и делается заключение о необходимости признания их объектами первоочередного контроля, поскольку население, проживающее в зонах повышенного риска, несомненно нуждается в первоочередном обследовании и профилактике

Карбофункциональные кремнийазотсодержащие органические соединения – исходное сырье в синтезе линейных и гетероциклических продуктов

The results of the study on reactions of reetherification and acylation of 3-aminopropyltryethoxysilan and 2-(aminoethyl)-3-(trymethoxysilyl)propylamine are presented. The possibility of preparation of the line and geterocycle organosilicon compounds containing nitrogen is shown. The schemes of processes that pass on the initial steps of preparation of polymerizing adgesives are proposed.Представлены результаты изучения реакции переэтерификации и ацилирования 3- аминопропиллтриэтоксисилана и 2-(аминоэтил)-3-(триметоксисилил)пропиламина. Показана возможность получения линейных и гетероциклических кремний- содержащих продуктов независимо от числа атомов азота в молекуле. Предложены схемы процессов, протекающих при использовании синтезированных соединений на начальных стадиях получения полимеризационных клеев

Алкоксисиланы – Синтез и применение. II. «Прямой синтез», свойства и области прикладного использования.

The review summarizes studies on the «direct synthesis» of alkoxysilanes. Their properties and areas of practical use are considered.В обзоре обобщены исследования по «прямому синтезу» алкоксисиланов, рассмотрены их свойства и области прикладного использования