Levantamento soroepidemiológico para coronavírus respiratório e da gastroenterite transmissível e dos vírus de influenza H3N2 e H1N1 em rebanhos suínos no Brasil.

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Paracetamol and antibiotics in childhood and subsequent development of wheezing/asthma: association or causation?

Several studies found an association between early administration of paracetamol and antibiotics and development of wheezing. This could be due to confounding: wheeze and asthmatic symptoms in early childhood are difficult to distinguish from respiratory tract infections that are widely treated with these drugs; in case of persistence of symptoms up to school age, this could explain the observed relationship

Active veterinary and entomological surveillance to assess emerging vector-borne disease risk in the Autonomous Province of Bolzano (Italy)

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Development of an ELISA test for Salmonella serological monitoring in Brazil

EMBRAPA/CNPSA developed an ELISA test based on LPS antigens from Salmonella Typhimurium. After the optimal dilution determination of the test components, four sera were chosen as controls. The interplate variation was controlled by a coefficient correlation between standard and daily curves of control sera and the coefficient variation of sample sera triplicates. The cut-off was determined by a dispersion analysis in a nursery piglet population proved to be salmonellae negative. The test performance was evaluated in experimentally and naturally S. Typhimurium infected pigs and in animals vaccinated with other Salmonella serovars. The seroconversion was observed after two weeks post inoculation in experimentally infected and vaccinated animals. In naturally infected animals, which were sampled twice during the finishing period, at the first sampling 75 % of pigs were eliminating salmonellae in feces and 25 % were positive in the ELISA. At the second sampling 76.9 % became serologically positive. These results suggest that the developed test can be used for Salmonella Typhimurium monitoring programs in swine

Fatores de risco associaods com a prevalência sorológica de salmonela em granjas comerciais de suínos do Sul do Brasil.

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Deletion in the EVC2 gene causes chondrodysplastic dwarfism in Tyrolean grey cattle

During the summer of 2013 seven Italian Tyrolean Grey calves were born with abnormally short limbs. Detailed clinical and pathological examination revealed similarities to chondrodysplastic dwarfism. Pedigree analysis showed a common founder, assuming autosomal monogenic recessive transmission of the defective allele. A positional cloning approach combining genome wide association and homozygosity mapping identified a single 1.6 Mb genomic region on BTA 6 that was associated with the disease. Whole genome re-sequencing of an affected calf revealed a single candidate causal mutation in the Ellis van Creveld syndrome 2 (EVC2) gene. This gene is known to be associated with chondrodysplastic dwarfism in Japanese Brown cattle, and dwarfism, abnormal nails and teeth, and dysostosis in humans with Ellis-van Creveld syndrome. Sanger sequencing confirmed the presence of a 2 bp deletion in exon 19 (c.2993_2994ACdel) that led to a premature stop codon in the coding sequence of bovine EVC2, and was concordant with the recessive pattern of inheritance in affected and carrier animals. This loss of function mutation confirms the important role of EVC2 in bone development. Genetic testing can now be used to eliminate this form of chondrodysplastic dwarfism from Tyrolean Grey cattle

Fatores de risco associados à rinite atrófica progressiva e a pneumonias crônicas nas fases de crescimento e terminação.

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Voices of Occupiers/Liberators: the BBC's radio propaganda in Italy between 1942 and 1945

The ambiguity of the role played by British propaganda in Italy during the Second World War is clearly reflected in the phenomenon of Radio London. While Radio London raised the morale of the Italian civilians living under the Fascist regime and provided them with alternative information on the conflict, the microphones of the BBC were also used by the British government to address a country they were planning to occupy. In this article, I will analyse the occupation/liberation operations that were run at the BBC Italian Service from two separate angles. On the one hand, the analysis of the programmes broadcast between the months preceding the Allies’ landing in Sicily and the actual occupation shows how the Allies built their image as liberators and guarantors of better living conditions. On the other, the analysis of the relationships between the Foreign Office and the anti-Fascist exiles reveals that the Italian BBC broadcasters were not always allowed to freely express their political opinion or to dispose of their own lives

Fatores de risco associados com a prevalência sorológica de salmonela em granjas comerciais de suínos do sul do Brasil.

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Treatment challenges in and outside a network setting: Head and neck cancers

Head and neck cancer (HNC) is a rare disease that can affect different sites and is characterized by variable incidence and 5-year survival rates across Europe. Multiple factors need to be considered when choosing the most appropriate treatment for HNC patients, such as age, comorbidities, social issues, and especially whether to prefer surgery or radiation-based protocols. Given the complexity of this scenario, the creation of a highly specialized multidisciplinary team is recommended to guarantee the best oncological outcome and prevent or adequately treat any adverse effect. Data from literature suggest that the multidisciplinary team-based approach is beneficial for HNC patients and lead to improved survival rates. This result is likely due to improved diagnostic and staging accuracy, a more efficacious therapeutic approach and enhanced communication across disciplines. Despite the benefit of MTD, it must be noted that this approach requires considerable time, effort and financial resources and is usually more frequent in highly organized and high-volume centers. Literature data on clinical research suggest that patients treated in high-accrual centers report better treatment outcomes compared to patients treated in low-volume centers, where a lower radiotherapy-compliance and worst overall survival have been reported. There is general agreement that treatment of rare cancers such as HNC should be concentrated in high volume, specialized and multidisciplinary centers. In order to achieve this goal, the creation of international collaboration network is fundamental. The European Reference Networks for example aim to create an international virtual advisory board, whose objectives are the exchange of expertise, training, clinical collaboration and the reduction of disparities and enhancement of rationalize migration across Europe. The purpose of our work is to review all aspects and challenges in and outside this network setting planned for the management of HNC patients