72 research outputs found
Comparative Pathogenicity of Lomentospora prolificans (Scedosporium prolificans) Isolates from Mexican Patients
We identified 11 Lomentospora prolificans
isolates recovered from Mexican patients using phenotypic
and molecular characteristics. The identification
of isolates was assessed by internal transcribed
spacer (ITS rDNA) sequencing. In vitro susceptibility
to amphotericin B, fluconazole, voriconazole,
posaconazole, caspofungin, anidulafungin and micafungin
was determined according to Clinical and
Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) procedures.
Three isolates (07-2239, 11-2242 and 04-2673) were
used to induce systemic infection in immunocompetent
ICR mice. Survival and tissue burden studies were
used as markers of pathogenicity. All of the strains
were resistant to every antifungal tested with MIC’s for
AmB (8–[8 lg/ml), VRC (16–[16 lg/ml), PSC (16–
[16 lg/ml), FLC (64–[64 lg/ml) and echinocandins
with MICs C8 lg/ml. One hundred, ninety and sixty
percent of the infected mice with the strains 07-2239,
11-2242 and 04-2673 died during the study, respectively.
Regarding tissue burden, the highest fungal load
of the infected mice was detected in brain followed by
spleen and kidney, regardless of the strain
Actividad antagónica de levaduras Killer frente ahongos del género Aspergillus sección nigri.
Una batería de 50 cepas de levaduras obtenidas de diversas fuentes naturales fue evaluada para detectar su fenotipo killer, probando cada cepa contra las 49 restantes. Se encontraron 25 cepas killer, que fueron probadas de forma cualitativa contra 10 cepas de Aspergillussección nigri, depositando alícuotas de 15µl de 105 células/mL en agar PDA previamente embebido con una concentración de 105 conidias/mL. Las placas se incubaron por 5 días a 25°C. Las cepas de levadura que inhibieron a 5 o más cepas de Aspergillus, fueron seleccionadas para establecer el porcentaje de reducción de crecimiento radial de dichos mohos. Para esto, se inocularon placas de PDA con las cepas de Aspergillus en el centro, flanqueadas por 2 estrías lineales paralelas de cada levadura. Después de incubar se midieron los diámetros coloniales en 2 ejes, incluyendo al control, para calcular la reducción de crecimiento en términos de porcentaje. El promedio de reducción varió entre 28 a 44%, siendo la levadura 1025 la más efectiva. La cepa M4 fue la que resultó con una menor inhibición, mientras que la cepa 117 fue la más susceptible. Esto demuestra el potencial de las levaduras killer en el biocontrol de alimentos en poscosecha
Nitrogen uptake and internal recycling in Zostera marina exposed to oyster farming: eelgrass potential as a natural biofilter
Oyster farming in estuaries and coastal lagoons frequently overlaps with the distribution of seagrass meadows, yet there are few studies on how this aquaculture practice affects seagrass physiology. We compared in situ nitrogen uptake and the productivity of Zostera marina shoots growing near off-bottom longlines and at a site not affected by oyster farming in San Quintin Bay, a coastal lagoon in Baja California, Mexico. We used benthic chambers to measure leaf NH4 (+) uptake capacities by pulse labeling with (NH4)-N-15 (+) and plant photosynthesis and respiration. The internal N-15 resorption/recycling was measured in shoots 2 weeks after incubations. The natural isotopic composition of eelgrass tissues and vegetative descriptors were also examined. Plants growing at the oyster farming site showed a higher leaf NH4 (+) uptake rate (33.1 mmol NH4 (+) m(-2) day(-1)) relative to those not exposed to oyster cultures (25.6 mmol NH4 (+) m(-2) day(-1)). We calculated that an eelgrass meadow of 15-16 ha (which represents only about 3-4 % of the subtidal eelgrass meadow cover in the western arm of the lagoon) can potentially incorporate the total amount of NH4 (+) excreted by oysters (similar to 5.2 x 10(6) mmol NH4 (+) day(-1)). This highlights the potential of eelgrass to act as a natural biofilter for the NH4 (+) produced by oyster farming. Shoots exposed to oysters were more efficient in re-utilizing the internal N-15 into the growth of new leaf tissues or to translocate it to belowground tissues. Photosynthetic rates were greater in shoots exposed to oysters, which is consistent with higher NH4 (+) uptake and less negative delta C-13 values. Vegetative production (shoot size, leaf growth) was also higher in these shoots. Aboveground/belowground biomass ratio was lower in eelgrass beds not directly influenced by oyster farms, likely related to the higher investment in belowground biomass to incorporate sedimentary nutrients
Effects of Data Quality Vetoes on a Search for Compact Binary Coalescences in Advanced LIGO's First Observing Run
The first observing run of Advanced LIGO spanned 4 months, from September 12,
2015 to January 19, 2016, during which gravitational waves were directly
detected from two binary black hole systems, namely GW150914 and GW151226.
Confident detection of gravitational waves requires an understanding of
instrumental transients and artifacts that can reduce the sensitivity of a
search. Studies of the quality of the detector data yield insights into the
cause of instrumental artifacts and data quality vetoes specific to a search
are produced to mitigate the effects of problematic data. In this paper, the
systematic removal of noisy data from analysis time is shown to improve the
sensitivity of searches for compact binary coalescences. The output of the
PyCBC pipeline, which is a python-based code package used to search for
gravitational wave signals from compact binary coalescences, is used as a
metric for improvement. GW150914 was a loud enough signal that removing noisy
data did not improve its significance. However, the removal of data with excess
noise decreased the false alarm rate of GW151226 by more than two orders of
magnitude, from 1 in 770 years to less than 1 in 186000 years.Comment: 27 pages, 13 figures, published versio
Search for Tensor, Vector, and Scalar Polarizations in the Stochastic Gravitational-Wave Background
The detection of gravitational waves with Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo has enabled novel tests of general relativity, including direct study of the polarization of gravitational waves. While general relativity allows for only two tensor gravitational-wave polarizations, general metric theories can additionally predict two vector and two scalar polarizations. The polarization of gravitational waves is encoded in the spectral shape of the stochastic gravitational-wave background, formed by the superposition of cosmological and individually unresolved astrophysical sources. Using data recorded by Advanced LIGO during its first observing run, we search for a stochastic background of generically polarized gravitational waves. We find no evidence for a background of any polarization, and place the first direct bounds on the contributions of vector and scalar polarizations to the stochastic background. Under log-uniform priors for the energy in each polarization, we limit the energy densities of tensor, vector, and scalar modes at 95% credibility to Ω0T<5.58×10-8, Ω0V<6.35×10-8, and Ω0S<1.08×10-7 at a reference frequency f0=25 Hz. © 2018 American Physical Society
Search for gravitational waves from Scorpius X-1 in the second Advanced LIGO observing run with an improved hidden Markov model
We present results from a semicoherent search for continuous gravitational waves from the low-mass x-ray binary Scorpius X-1, using a hidden Markov model (HMM) to track spin wandering. This search improves on previous HMM-based searches of LIGO data by using an improved frequency domain matched filter, the J-statistic, and by analyzing data from Advanced LIGO's second observing run. In the frequency range searched, from 60 to 650 Hz, we find no evidence of gravitational radiation. At 194.6 Hz, the most sensitive search frequency, we report an upper limit on gravitational wave strain (at 95% confidence) of h095%=3.47×10-25 when marginalizing over source inclination angle. This is the most sensitive search for Scorpius X-1, to date, that is specifically designed to be robust in the presence of spin wandering. © 2019 American Physical Society
First narrow-band search for continuous gravitational waves from known pulsars in advanced detector data
Seaweeds: an opportunity for wealth and sustainable livelihood for coastal communities
GW170104: Observation of a 50-Solar-Mass Binary Black Hole Coalescence at Redshift 0.2
We describe the observation of GW170104, a gravitational-wave signal produced by the coalescence of a pair of stellar-mass black holes. The signal was measured on January 4, 2017 at 10∶11:58.6 UTC by the twin advanced detectors of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory during their second observing run, with a network signal-to-noise ratio of 13 and a false alarm rate less than 1 in 70 000 years. The inferred component black hole masses are
31.
2
+
8.4
−
6.0
M
⊙
and
19.
4
+
5.3
−
5.9
M
⊙
(at the 90% credible level). The black hole spins are best constrained through measurement of the effective inspiral spin parameter, a mass-weighted combination of the spin components perpendicular to the orbital plane,
χ
eff
=
−
0.1
2
+
0.21
−
0.30
. This result implies that spin configurations with both component spins positively aligned with the orbital angular momentum are disfavored. The source luminosity distance is
88
0
+
450
−
390
Mpc
corresponding to a redshift of
z
=
0.1
8
+
0.08
−
0.07
. We constrain the magnitude of modifications to the gravitational-wave dispersion relation and perform null tests of general relativity. Assuming that gravitons are dispersed in vacuum like massive particles, we bound the graviton mass to
m
g
≤
7.7
×
10
−
23
eV
/
c
2
. In all cases, we find that GW170104 is consistent with general relativity
An improved analysis of GW150914 using a fully spin-precessing waveform model
This paper presents updated estimates of source parameters for GW150914, a binary black-hole coalescence event detected by the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) on September 14, 2015 [1]. Reference presented parameter estimation [2] of the source using a 13-dimensional, phenomenological precessing-spin model (precessing IMRPhenom) and a 11-dimensional nonprecessing effective-one-body (EOB) model calibrated to numerical-relativity simulations, which forces spin alignment (nonprecessing EOBNR). Here we present new results that include a 15-dimensional precessing-spin waveform model (precessing EOBNR) developed within the EOB formalism. We find good agreement with the parameters estimated previously [2], and we quote updated component masses of and (where errors correspond to 90% symmetric credible intervals). We also present slightly tighter constraints on the dimensionless spin magnitudes of the two black holes, with a primary spin estimate and a secondary spin estimate at 90% probability. Reference [2] estimated the systematic parameter-extraction errors due to waveform-model uncertainty by combining the posterior probability densities of precessing IMRPhenom and nonprecessing EOBNR. Here we find that the two precessing-spin models are in closer agreement, suggesting that these systematic errors are smaller than previously quoted
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