Development of a Decision Support System for the Management of Mummy Berry Disease in Northwestern Washington

Mummy berry, caused by Monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi, is the most important disease of the northern highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) in North America and can cause up to 70% yield losses in affected fields. A key event in the mummy berry disease cycle is the primary infection phase where ascospores are released by apothecia that infect emerging floral and vegetative tissues. Current management of mummy berry disease in northwestern Washington is predominantly reliant on the prevention of primary infections through prophylactic, calendar-based fungicide spray applications early in the growing season. To improve the understanding of risk during these periods and to help tailor management strategies, we developed a decision support system (DSS) based on field records spanning over five seasons and four locations in northwestern Washington. Environmental conditions across the region were highly uniform but different dynamics of apothecial development were observed under high- and low-management regimes. Based on our analysis, we suggest basing the initial iteration of the DSS on two sub-models. The first sub-model predicts the onset of apothecia based on chill-unit accumulation under high- and low-management regimes, and the second predicts primary infection risk, which provides opportunities to improve the timing of fungicide applications. The synoptic DSS proposed here is based on the current biological knowledge of the pathosystem and available data for the northwestern Washington region. We provide the analysis and the DSS implementation and evaluation as an open-source repository, providing opportunities for further improvements. Finally, we provide suggestions for future research and the operational efforts needed for improving the utility and accuracy of the mummy berry DSS.publishedVersio

Tratamiento de la hipertensión arterial en pacientes hipertensos crónicos con accidente cerebrovascular : Hospital Evita Pueblo. Berazategui. 2015

Objetivo: describir los antecedentes de HTA y su tratamiento farmacológico en pacientes con enfermedad cardiovascular establecida (ACV). Comparar con la bibliografía.Facultad de Ciencias Médica

Tratamiento de la hipertensión arterial en pacientes hipertensos crónicos con accidente cerebrovascular : Hospital Evita Pueblo. Berazategui. 2015

Objetivo: describir los antecedentes de HTA y su tratamiento farmacológico en pacientes con enfermedad cardiovascular establecida (ACV). Comparar con la bibliografía.Facultad de Ciencias Médica

Tratamiento de la hipertensión arterial en pacientes hipertensos crónicos con accidente cerebrovascular : Hospital Evita Pueblo. Berazategui. 2015

Objetivo: describir los antecedentes de HTA y su tratamiento farmacológico en pacientes con enfermedad cardiovascular establecida (ACV). Comparar con la bibliografía.Facultad de Ciencias Médica

There and back again: historical perspective and future directions for Vaccinium breeding and research studies

The genus Vaccinium L. (Ericaceae) contains a wide diversity of culturally and economically important berry crop species. Consumer demand and scientific research in blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) and cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) have increased worldwide over the crops' relatively short domestication history (~100 years). Other species, including bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus), lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea), and ohelo berry (Vaccinium reticulatum) are largely still harvested from the wild but with crop improvement efforts underway. Here, we present a review article on these Vaccinium berry crops on topics that span taxonomy to genetics and genomics to breeding. We highlight the accomplishments made thus far for each of these crops, along their journey from the wild, and propose research areas and questions that will require investments by the community over the coming decades to guide future crop improvement efforts. New tools and resources are needed to underpin the development of superior cultivars that are not only more resilient to various environmental stresses and higher yielding, but also produce fruit that continue to meet a variety of consumer preferences, including fruit quality and health related trait

Current Wildland Fire Patterns and Challenges in Europe: A Synthesis of National Perspectives

Changes in climate, land use, and land management impact the occurrence and severity of wildland fires in many parts of the world. This is particularly evident in Europe, where ongoing changes in land use have strongly modified fire patterns over the last decades. Although satellite data by the European Forest Fire Information System provide large-scale wildland fire statistics across European countries, there is still a crucial need to collect and summarize in-depth local analysis and understanding of the wildland fire condition and associated challenges across Europe. This article aims to provide a general overview of the current wildland fire patterns and challenges as perceived by national representatives, supplemented by national fire statistics (2009–2018) across Europe. For each of the 31 countries included, we present a perspective authored by scientists or practitioners from each respective country, representing a wide range of disciplines and cultural backgrounds. The authors were selected from members of the COST Action “Fire and the Earth System: Science & Society” funded by the European Commission with the aim to share knowledge and improve communication about wildland fire. Where relevant, a brief overview of key studies, particular wildland fire challenges a country is facing, and an overview of notable recent fire events are also presented. Key perceived challenges included (1) the lack of consistent and detailed records for wildland fire events, within and across countries, (2) an increase in wildland fires that pose a risk to properties and human life due to high population densities and sprawl into forested regions, and (3) the view that, irrespective of changes in management, climate change is likely to increase the frequency and impact of wildland fires in the coming decades. Addressing challenge (1) will not only be valuable in advancing national and pan-European wildland fire management strategies, but also in evaluating perceptions (2) and (3) against more robust quantitative evidence

Abnormal T4 molecule expression of helper/inducer T lymphocytes in African AIDS patients.

info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublishe

Spatiotemporal dynamics of soil rotifers in a South-Bohemian beech forest Dinâmica espaço-temporal de rotíferos edáficos em uma floresta de faias no sul da Boêmia

The objective of this work was to determine seasonal variation and vertical distribution of the soil rotifer assemblage in a climax beech forest in South Bohemia. During 2005, soil rotifer was investigated to the species level. Soil samples of 10 cm² and 10 cm in depth were divided into five layers, which were processed separately. Thirty one rotifer species were identified during the investigation. Dominant species significantly changed throughout the seasons. The most abundant species were Encentrum arvicola and Wierzejskiella vagneri among the monogononts, and Adineta steineri, Ceratotrocha cornigera, Habrotrocha filum, Habrotrocha ligula, Macrotrachela plicata, Mniobia tentans, Mniobia incrassata and Mniobia granulosa among the bdelloids. Mean Shannon diversity index varied from 1.99 to 2.63. Total rotifer abundance varied from 212±63 to 513±127 10³ individuals m-2 along the year, with the highest numbers found in May, and the lowest in July. The great part of the community was concentrated in the upper (fresh litter) and second (partially decomposed litter) layers and significantly decreased in the soil vertical profile on all sampling dates. The highest rotifer density of 43 individuals g-1 was found in the upper layer in May.<br>O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a variação sazonal e a distribuição vertical de comunidades de rotíferos edáficos em uma floresta de faias em clímax, no Sul da Boêmia. Durante 2005, as comunidades de rotíferos edáficos foram estudadas até o nível da espécie. Amostras de 10 cm² de área com 10 cm de profundidade foram divididas em cinco camadas, que foram processadas separadamente. Trinta e uma espécies de rotíferos foram identificadas durante a investigação. Todas as espécies dominantes tiveram variações significativas durante as estações climáticas. As espécies mais abundantes foram Encentrum arvicola e Wierzejskiella vagneri entre os monogonontes e Adineta steineri, Ceratotrocha cornigera, Habrotrocha filum, Habrotrocha ligula, Macrotrachela plicata, Mniobia tentans, Mniobia incrassata e Mniobia granulosa entre os bdelloides. O índice médio de diversidade de Shannon variou entre 1,99 e 2,63. A abundância total de rotíferos variou entre 212±63 e 513±127 10³ indivíduos por m2 ao ano, com os maiores números encontrados em maio e os menores em julho. A maior parte da comunidade estava concentrada na camada superior (liteira fresca) e na segunda camada (liteira parcialmente decomposta) e diminuiu significativamente no perfil vertical do solo em todas as datas de coleta. A maior densidade de rotíferos, de 43 indivíduos g-1, foi encontrada na camada superior em maio

Development of a Decision Support System for the Management of Mummy Berry Disease in Northwestern Washington

Mummy berry, caused by Monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi, is the most important disease of the northern highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) in North America and can cause up to 70% yield losses in affected fields. A key event in the mummy berry disease cycle is the primary infection phase where ascospores are released by apothecia that infect emerging floral and vegetative tissues. Current management of mummy berry disease in northwestern Washington is predominantly reliant on the prevention of primary infections through prophylactic, calendar-based fungicide spray applications early in the growing season. To improve the understanding of risk during these periods and to help tailor management strategies, we developed a decision support system (DSS) based on field records spanning over five seasons and four locations in northwestern Washington. Environmental conditions across the region were highly uniform but different dynamics of apothecial development were observed under high- and low-management regimes. Based on our analysis, we suggest basing the initial iteration of the DSS on two sub-models. The first sub-model predicts the onset of apothecia based on chill-unit accumulation under high- and low-management regimes, and the second predicts primary infection risk, which provides opportunities to improve the timing of fungicide applications. The synoptic DSS proposed here is based on the current biological knowledge of the pathosystem and available data for the northwestern Washington region. We provide the analysis and the DSS implementation and evaluation as an open-source repository, providing opportunities for further improvements. Finally, we provide suggestions for future research and the operational efforts needed for improving the utility and accuracy of the mummy berry DSS