Peri-articular histiocytic sarcoma in Bernese Mountain Dogs : a retrospective investigation of the prevalence of this tumour in association with previously diseases joints

C

Tensions and resistance to the agricultural model to the agricultural model of the "humid pampa" in Pergamino, Buenos Aires, Argentina

En el presente artículo se analizan las tensiones existentes en torno al modelo agrícola industrial de la Argentina. Para ello se aborda desde un enfoque interdisciplinario, la gestación y desarrollo de dicho modelo, sus características y sus consecuencias socioambientales. En particular, nos centramos en el conflicto por la reglamentación de agrotóxicos desarrollado en el partido de Pergamino (Buenos Aires, Argentina) a partir del año 2013, identificando los actores que se enfrentaron, sus argumentos y las acciones que llevaron a cabo.In this article, we analyze the social tensions in relation to the industrial agriculture model. To this end, the gestation and development of this model, its characteristics and socio-environmental consequences, are contemplated through an interdisciplinary approach. In particular, we focused on the conflict over the regulation of agrochemicals developed in Pergamino (Buenos Aires, Argentina) in 2013 and beyond; identifying the actors that faced each other, their arguments and the actions they carried out.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

Is there a common water-activity limit for the three domains of life?

Archaea and Bacteria constitute a majority of life systems on Earth but have long been considered inferior to Eukarya in terms of solute tolerance. Whereas the most halophilic prokaryotes are known for an ability to multiply at saturated NaCl (water activity (a w) 0.755) some xerophilic fungi can germinate, usually at high-sugar concentrations, at values as low as 0.650-0.605 a w. Here, we present evidence that halophilic prokayotes can grow down to water activities of <0.755 for Halanaerobium lacusrosei (0.748), Halobacterium strain 004.1 (0.728), Halobacterium sp. NRC-1 and Halococcus morrhuae (0.717), Haloquadratum walsbyi (0.709), Halococcus salifodinae (0.693), Halobacterium noricense (0.687), Natrinema pallidum (0.681) and haloarchaeal strains GN-2 and GN-5 (0.635 a w). Furthermore, extrapolation of growth curves (prone to giving conservative estimates) indicated theoretical minima down to 0.611 a w for extreme, obligately halophilic Archaea and Bacteria. These were compared with minima for the most solute-tolerant Bacteria in high-sugar (or other non-saline) media (Mycobacterium spp., Tetragenococcus halophilus, Saccharibacter floricola, Staphylococcus aureus and so on) and eukaryotic microbes in saline (Wallemia spp., Basipetospora halophila, Dunaliella spp. and so on) and high-sugar substrates (for example, Xeromyces bisporus, Zygosaccharomyces rouxii, Aspergillus and Eurotium spp.). We also manipulated the balance of chaotropic and kosmotropic stressors for the extreme, xerophilic fungi Aspergillus penicilloides and X. bisporus and, via this approach, their established water-activity limits for mycelial growth (∼0.65) were reduced to 0.640. Furthermore, extrapolations indicated theoretical limits of 0.632 and 0.636 a w for A. penicilloides and X. bisporus, respectively. Collectively, these findings suggest that there is a common water-activity limit that is determined by physicochemical constraints for the three domains of life

Controlling microbial infection by managing grapevine canopy

Pinots (Vitis vinifera L.) are known as tight-clustered grape varieties, where the mechanical pressure of adjacent berries may disrupt cuticle waxes, thus predisposing these sites to greater incidences of infection. One of the main causes of crop quality degradation is grape rot due to the development of various microorganisms (bacteria, yeasts or other fungi). Among them Botrytis cinerea is one of the most frequent problems. Because mold spores are ubiquitous, the control of germination and growth in the vineyard by use of fungicides may only be part of the solution. Therefore, carefully selected cultural practices may play a significant role toward encouraging or discouraging mold and other microbial infections. A field trial was established in Pinot Noir vineyard of Vipava Valley for two consecutive years. Preliminary results based on visual examination of microbial compromised grapes indicated that earlier leaf removal treatments reduced the extent of microbe damage on grape. Therefore in the following harvest three different treatments of leaf removal (at pre-flowering, berry-set and veraison phase of grape development) were performed, using untreated vines as a control. Temperature and humidity data were collected in the grape area of all treatments. Microbial population on grapes was followed using standard cultivation methods during ripening and at harvest time as well as visual inspection of damaged / sound grapes was performed at both times. At harvest time compactness of grapes was also evaluated. Parallel trial with excluding last Switch® application was done to evaluate the effect in different treatments. In general we observed the change in species composition on the surface of grapes with early predominance by the basidiomycetous yeasts and species Aureobasidium pullulans, and at harvest time with the prevalence of the ascomycetous yeasts, lactic / acetic acid bacteria and molds. Leaf removal was much more effective against Botrytis Cinerea compering to additional Switch® application, especially at leaf removals at earlier stages. Pre-flowering leaf removal also showed significant reduction of grape compactness. The results suggesting early leaf removals as successful tool for reducing the risk of microbial infections

Hereditary auditory, vestibular, motor, and sensory neuropathy in a Slovenian Roma (Gypsy) kindred.

Members of a Roma (Gypsy) family with hereditary motor and sensory peripheral neuropathy (HMSN) and concomitant auditory and vestibular cranial neuropathies were identified in Kocevje, Slovenia. The illness begins in childhood with a severe and progressive motor disability and the deafness is delayed until the second decade. There are no symptoms of vestibular dysfunction. The family structure is consistent with an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance and the genetic locus for the disorder is linked to the same region of chromosome 8q24 as other Roma families with HMSN and deafness from Lom, Bulgaria (HMSN-Lom). The present study shows that the deafness is caused by a neuropathy of the auditory nerve with preserved measures of cochlear outer hair cell function (otoacoustic emissions and cochlear microphonics) but absent neural components of auditory brainstem potentials. The hearing loss affects speech comprehension out of proportion to the pure tone loss. Vestibular testing showed absence of caloric responses. Physiological and neuropathological studies of peripheral nerves were compatible with the nerve disorder contemporaneously affecting Schwann cells and axons resulting in both slowed nerve conduction and axonal loss. Genetic linkage studies suggest a refinement of the 8q24 critical region containing the HMSN-Lom locus that affects peripheral motor and sensory nerves as well as the cranial auditory and vestibular nerves