36 research outputs found
Do interventions containing risk messages increase risk appraisal and the subsequent vaccination intentions and uptake?:A systematic review and meta-analysis
Purpose
There is good evidence that for many behaviours, increasing risk appraisal can lead to a change in behaviour, heightened when efficacy appraisals are also increased. The present systematic review addressed whether interventions presenting a risk message increase risk appraisal and an increase in vaccination intentions and uptake.
Method
A systematic search identified randomized controlled trials of interventions presenting a risk message and measuring risk appraisal and intentions and uptake post-intervention. Random-effects meta-analyses investigated the size of the effect that interventions had on vaccination risk appraisal and on vaccination behaviour or intention to vaccinate, and the size of the relationship between vaccination risk appraisal and vaccination intentions and uptake.
Results
Eighteen studies were included and 16 meta-analysed. Interventions overall had small significant effects on risk appraisal (d = 0.161, p = .047) and perceptions of susceptibility (d = 0.195, p = .025), but no effect on perceptions of severity (d = −0.036, p = .828). Interventions showed no effect on intention to vaccinate (d = 0.138, p = .195) and no effect on vaccination behaviour (d = 0.043, p = .826). Interventions typically did not include many behaviour change techniques (BCTs), with the most common BCT unique to intervention conditions being ‘Information about Health Consequences’. Few of the included studies attempted to, or successfully increased, efficacy appraisals.
Conclusions
Overall, there is a lack of good-quality primary studies, and existing interventions are suboptimal. The inclusion of additional BCTs, including those to target efficacy appraisals, could increase intervention effectiveness. The protocol (CRD42015029365) is available from http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/
Intervention to reduce adolescent hookah pipe use and satisfy basic psychological needs
Background: Hookah pipe use is a public health concern and threat to
adolescents’ health. self-determination theory asserts that satisfaction of basic
psychological needs (BPN) will contribute to adolescents developing optimally.
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to design an intervention to reduce adolescent hookah pipe use and satisfy their BPN. Methods: A modified delphi approach
was implemented using a two-phased approach. Phase 1 included reviews and
empirical research that formed part of the needs analysis. Phase 2 was the development of the intervention in collaboration with stakeholders from academia, policy
and practice (n = 25). The stakeholders formed the sample for this study. Phase 1
informed phase 2. Phase 2 was implemented through a 4-hour workshop with the
stakeholders. The workshop was audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed. Principal Results: The results indicated that a holistic four-pronged
approach focusing on (1) the hookah pipe user, (2) the family, (3) after school
recreation activities and (4) the teacher and community was needed as a model to
intervene in adolescent hookah pipe use and satisfy their BPN. The intervention was
described using the RE-AIM framework which considers reach, efficacy, adoption,
implementation and maintenance of the intervention