Algo más sobre lo risible en el Quijote: la retórica causante de risa

Estudio de lo risible en el Quijote; no a partir de elementos folclóricos o populares al alcance del gran público. sino a partir de un decidido uso de la retórica que se enseñaba en las universidades españolas en la segunda mitad del siglo XVI Cervantes se revela aquí como un buen conocedor de los tratados de retórica clásica (Aristóteles, Cicerón), e incluso de los maestros de retórica de su tiempo (Tones, Palmireno), a los cuales no duda en parodiar en diversos pasajes del Quijote. This article studies the ludicrous aspects in the Quixote, following the rhetoric theories taught in the Spanish universities during the second half of the XVIth Century. Cervantes proves himself as a good connoisseur of the classical rhetoric treaties (Aristotle, Cicero) and even those of his time (Torres, Palmireno). These authors are parodied in different passages of the Quixote

Complejidades «barrocas» en el retrato de la «Sátira a una dama» de Quevedo

Este artículo analiza los retratos a una dama y al autor que se encuentran en el poema 604 de la edición Obra poética realizada por José Manuel Blecua. La autora realiza un detallado análisis crítico textual del poema, analizando manuscritos y ediciones y eligiendo unas variantes y descartando otras. Según se desprende el análisis, Quevedo está usando cánones retóricos de inventio, dispositio y elocutio e incluso está usando lo que aprendió en sus ejercicios escolares en los colegios de la Compañía. Los retratos presentan una gran complejidad ya que la dama es descrita por medio del canon ciceroniano que en la época se usa para presentar seriamente a las verdaderas damas y que aquí es el instrumento para vilipendiarla. El poeta es presentado con rasgos positivos, pero por medio de un canon desusado desde hace un siglo. This article analyses the portraits of a lady and a poet described in the poem number 604 of Obra poética edited by José Manuel Blecua. The author makes a detailed textual study of this poem, describing manuscripts and editions, choosing some variants and rejecting others. According to her conclusions, Quevedo uses rhetoric canons of inventio, dispositio and elocutio and even he uses the techniques learnt in the Jesuits schools. The portraits present a great complexity because the lady is described with the Ciceronian canon, used in this period to describe a lady seriously, although this canon used here to vilify her. The poet is described with positive features, but using a old-fashioned canon from a century

La contribución del humor, de la comedia de situación, a la identidad cultural catalana

En este artículo exponemos los resultados de un estudio sobre la recepción del humor de una comedia de situación de producción catalana. Con este trabajo, intentamos entender cuáles son las representaciones sociales y culturales que la audiencia reconoce en el humor como propias y cercanas a su contexto y cuáles rechaza. Dicho conocimiento nos permite identificar las filias y fobias que los sujetos expresan sobre el humor de una comedia. La metodología que nos permite realizar este análisis es la cualitativa. Este artículo revalida la idea de que el humor está determinado por categorías sociales y culturales. En este sentido, destacamos el papel fundamental del humor como un dispositivo que genera, dinamiza, refuerza, patrones de identificación y/o rechazo. El humor sirve para crear lazos tanto de cercanía como de lejanía y se convierte en una especie de gestor cultural que genera propuestas de sentido. Nuestro objetivo final es animar al diseño de investigaciones, dentro del ámbito comunicacional español, que tengan como objeto de estudio el consumo, uso y apropiación del humor en los contenidos mediáticos

B- and A-Type Stars in the Taurus-Auriga Star Forming Region

We describe the results of a search for early-type stars associated with the Taurus-Auriga molecular cloud complex, a diffuse nearby star-forming region noted as lacking young stars of intermediate and high mass. We investigate several sets of possible O, B and early A spectral class members. The first is a group of stars for which mid-infrared images show bright nebulae, all of which can be associated with stars of spectral type B. The second group consists of early-type stars compiled from (i) literature listings in SIMBAD; (ii) B stars with infrared excesses selected from the Spitzer Space Telescope survey of the Taurus cloud; (iii) magnitude- and color-selected point sources from the 2MASS; and (iv) spectroscopically identified early-type stars from the SDSS coverage of the Taurus region. We evaluated stars for membership in the Taurus-Auriga star formation region based on criteria involving: spectroscopic and parallactic distances, proper motions and radial velocities, and infrared excesses or line emission indicative of stellar youth. For selected objects, we also model the scattered and emitted radiation from reflection nebulosity and compare the results with the observed spectral energy distributions to further test the plausibility of physical association of the B stars with the Taurus cloud. This investigation newly identifies as probable Taurus members three B-type stars: HR 1445 (HD 28929), tau Tau (HD 29763), 72 Tau (HD 28149), and two A-type stars: HD 31305 and HD 26212, thus doubling the number of stars A5 or earlier associated with the Taurus clouds. Several additional early-type sources including HD 29659 and HD 283815 meet some, but not all, of the membership criteria and therefore are plausible, though not secure, members.Comment: 31 pages, 18 figures, 6 tables. Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journa

Olfaction: An Overlooked Sensory Modality in Applied Ethology and Animal Welfare

Birte L. Nielsen [et al.]Peer reviewe

Behavioral and cardiopulmonary effects of dexmedetomidine alone and in combination with butorphanol, methadone, morphine or tramadol in conscious sheep

Objective: To compare cardiopulmonary and sedative effects following administration of dexmedetomidine alone or with butorphanol, methadone, morphine or tramadol in healthy sheep. Study design: Randomized crossover study. Animals: Six Santa Inês sheep, five females, one male, aged 12–28 months and weighing 40.1 ± 6.2 kg. Methods: Sheep were assigned treatments of dexmedetomidine (0.005 mg kg−1; D); D and butorphanol (0.15 mg kg−1; DB); D and methadone (0.5 mg kg−1; DM); D and morphine (0.5 mg kg−1; DMO); or D and tramadol (5.0 mg kg−1; DT). All drugs were administered intravenously with at least 7 days between each treatment. Rectal temperature, heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (fR), invasive arterial pressure, blood gases and electrolytes were measured prior to administration of drugs (baseline, T0) and every 15 minutes following drug administration for 120 minutes (T15–T120). Sedation was scored by three observers blinded to treatment. Results: HR decreased in all treatments and fR decreased in DM at T30 and DMO at T30 and T45. PaCO2 was increased in D, DB and DM compared with baseline, and PaO2 decreased in D at T15 and T45; in DB at T15 to T75; in DM at T15 to T60; in DMO at T15; and in DT at T15, T30 and T75. There was a decrease in temperature in D, DB and DM. An increased pH was measured in D at all time points and in DT at T30–T120. inline image and base excess were increased in all treatments compared with baseline. There were no statistical differences in sedation scores. Conclusions and clinical relevance: The combination of dexmedetomidine with butorphanol, methadone, morphine or tramadol resulted in similar changes in cardiopulmonary function and did not improve sedation when compared with dexmedetomidine alone

Experimental realization of a measurement conditional unitary operation at single photon level and application to detector characterization

Our last experimental results on the realization of a measurement-conditional unitary operation at single photon level are presented. This gate operates by rotating by $90^o$ the polarization of a photon produced by means of Type-II Parametric Down Conversion conditional to a polarization measurement on the correlated photon. We then propose a new scheme for measuring the quantum efficiency of a single photon detection apparatus by using this set-up. We present experimental results obtained with this scheme compared with {\it traditional} biphoton calibration. Our results show the interesting potentiality of the suggested scheme.Comment: to appear in Proc. of SPIE meeting, Denver august 200

Do MENA countries practice digital diplomacy? An analysis of their embassies’ websites in Spain

This research carries out an analysis of the websites published by MENA countries’ embassies with a presence in Spain, in order to understand whether they practice digital diplomacy. Such activity is a low-cost, wide-ranging public diplomacy tool. The analysis covers a two-year period (2020-2022) that coincides with the Covid-19 pandemic, a context that prompted the digitization of many sectors. The article contributes to the literature on Arab and Israeli digital diplomacy, as well as on digital diplomacy as practiced by embassies. Specifically, this exploratory analysis examines the webpages and published press notes of four countries’ embassies, including Saudi Arabia, Israel, Morocco, and Qatar. These countries were chosen because they have the most robust websites in Spanish, together with the fact that they were the MENA countries whose governments pioneered the use of Twitter as an instrument of digital diplomacy. The article examines the topics and interpretations provided by the press notes published on these embassies’ websites. A discourse analysis methodology with references to the original sources is applied. Topics and interpretations are classified into four types of public diplomacy: media diplomacy, cultural diplomacy, niche diplomacy and nation branding. The conclusion is that the MENA countries studied neglect digital diplomacy on their websites in Spain, missing out on the opportunities it represents. The apparently four most digitized embassies in this group have errors on their webpages and often only publish messages from their respective foreign ministries, focusing on regional and internal issues rather than on their bilateral relationship with Spain. This is especially true of Saudi Arabia and Qatar.Esta investigación analiza las páginas web de embajadas de países del grupo MENA con presencia en España, con el fin de comprobar si practican la diplomacia digital. Dicha actividad es una herramienta de diplomacia pública de bajo coste y amplio alcance. El análisis abarca dos años (2020-2022) protagonizados por la pandemia Covid, que impulsó la digitalización de muchos sectores. El artículo contribuye a la literatura sobre diplomacia digital árabe e israelí y sobre diplomacia digital ejercida por embajadas. Se realiza un análisis exploratorio de las páginas web y un análisis más detallado del contenido de las webs de las embajadas de cuatro países: Arabia Saudí, Israel, Marruecos y Catar. Se eligen estos países porque son los que presentan páginas más funcionales y en español, unido a ser los primeros del grupo cuyos gobiernos utilizaron Twitter como instrumento de diplomacia digital. El artículo examina de qué temas hablan y qué interpretaciones aportan las notas de prensa publicadas en las webs de las embajadas. Se aplica el método de análisis del discurso con referencias a las fuentes originales. Temas y argumentos se clasifican en cuatro tipos de diplomacia pública: mediática, cultural, de nicho y de marca-país. Se concluye que la diplomacia digital de las páginas web de las embajadas del grupo MENA en España está descuidada. Se desaprovechan las oportunidades que esta actividad representa. Las cuatro embajadas aparentemente más digitalizadas tienen errores en sus páginas y se limitan en gran parte a publicar mensajes de las cancillerías, centrándose en cuestiones de tipo regional e internas y más en la relación bilateral con España. Esto ocurre especialmente en los casos de Arabia Saudí y Catar