793 research outputs found
Progress toward scalable tomography of quantum maps using twirling-based methods and information hierarchies
We present in a unified manner the existing methods for scalable partial
quantum process tomography. We focus on two main approaches: the one presented
in Bendersky et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 190403 (2008)], and the ones
described, respectively, in Emerson et al. [Science 317, 1893 (2007)] and
L\'{o}pez et al. [Phys. Rev. A 79, 042328 (2009)], which can be combined
together. The methods share an essential feature: They are based on the idea
that the tomography of a quantum map can be efficiently performed by studying
certain properties of a twirling of such a map. From this perspective, in this
paper we present extensions, improvements and comparative analyses of the
scalable methods for partial quantum process tomography. We also clarify the
significance of the extracted information, and we introduce interesting and
useful properties of the -matrix representation of quantum maps that can
be used to establish a clearer path toward achieving full tomography of quantum
processes in a scalable way.Comment: Replaced with published version (only minor changes respect to the
first version
La siringomielia como factor de riesgo en la cirugía vertebral: Utilidad de los potenciales evocados intraoperatorios en un caso
Toda intervención quirúrgica sobra la columna vertebral conlleva un riesgo de lesión medular. Éste se multiplica cuando existe una patología medular de base. En los últimos años, gracias a la aparición de la monitorización neurofisiológica intraoperatoria, las complicaciones neurológicas intraoperatorias han disminuido. En el siguiente artículo, exponemos un caso de escoliosis secundaria a sirigomielia, en el que gracias al uso de potenciales evocados durante la cirugía, se han podido evitar lesiones neurológica irreversibles.Surgical correction of spinal deformities entails a risk of medullary dramage, and this can be higher when medullar pathology is associated. In last years, intraoperative neurological complications have decreased thanks to the intraoperative monitoring of neurophysiological parameters. In this work, we review a patient with scoliosis secondary to syringomyelia. The use of somatosensory evoked potentials during surgery allowed avoiding irreversible neurological complications
A new class of cyclin dependent kinase in chlamydomonas is required for coupling cell size to cell division
Citation: Li, Y., Liu, D., López-Paz, C., Olson, B. J. S. C., & Umen, J. G. (2016). A new class of cyclin dependent kinase in chlamydomonas is required for coupling cell size to cell division. eLife, 5(MARCH2016). doi:10.7554/eLife.10767Proliferating cells actively control their size by mechanisms that are poorly understood. The unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii divides by multiple fission, wherein a ‘counting’ mechanism couples mother cell-size to cell division number allowing production of uniform-sized daughters. We identified a sizer protein, CDKG1, that acts through the retinoblastoma (RB) tumor suppressor pathway as a D-cyclin-dependent RB kinase to regulate mitotic counting. Loss of CDKG1 leads to fewer mitotic divisions and large daughters, while mis-expression of CDKG1 causes supernumerous mitotic divisions and small daughters. The concentration of nuclear-localized CDKG1 in pre-mitotic cells is set by mother cell size, and its progressive dilution and degradation with each round of cell division may provide a link between mother cell-size and mitotic division number. Cell-size-dependent accumulation of limiting cell cycle regulators such as CDKG1 is a potentially general mechanism for size control. © Li et al
Tratamiento quirúrgico de la pseudoartrosis de la apófisis odontoides: Presentación de dos casos
Se presenta nuestra experiencia de dos casos de pseudoartrosis de apófisis odontoides tratadas quirúrgicamente mediante atornillado directo a compresión por vía anterior paraesternomocleidomastoidea. El resultado final fue satisfactorio en el primer caso, teniendo que realizarse una artrodesis posterior C1-C2 en el segundo. Se discute la posibilidad de un exceso de angulación posterioSe presenta nuestra experiencia de dos casos de pseudoartrosis de apófisis odontoides tratadas quirúrgicamente mediante atornillado directo a compresión por vía anterior paraesternomocleidomastoidea. El resultado final fue satisfactorio en el primer caso, teniendo que realizarse una artrodesis posterior C1-C2 en el segundo. Se discute la posibilidad de un exceso de angulación posterior en la colocación del tornillo como causa del fracaso de la técnica.en la colocación del tornillo como causa del fracaso de la técnica.Two cases of odontoid process non-union treated by direct screw compression through an anterior approach are presented. The outcome was satisfactory in one case. The other required posterior C1-C2 union because of anterior screwing failure. An excessive posterior angulation of the screw thought to be the cause of anterior fusion failure
Análisis del plano sagital en las escoliosis idiopáticas tratadas con instrumentación Cotrel-Dubousset
Se analiza la evolución del plano sagital en 50 enfermos con escoliosis idiopática
intervenidos mediante artrodesis posterior con instrumentación de Cotrel-Dubousset con un seguimiento
medio de 72 meses. Se recogieron los valores evolutivos de cifosis torácica medida entre
T5 y T12 y de lordosis lumbar medida entre Ll y L5. Las curvas escolióticas fueron clasificadas
según King et al. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que no existía una variación global significativa
de la cifosis torácica tras la cirugía. Sólo en aquellos enfermos que previamente existía
una hipocifosis torácica existía una mejoría estadísticamente significativa de la misma con la intervención.
Se evidenció una clara tendencia al incremento de la cifosis torácica con el tiempo.
La lordosis lumbar se mantuvo, en la mayoría de los casos, dentro de límites fisiológicos. La instrumentación
de Cotrel-Dubousset ofrece ventajas evidentes respecto a instrumentaciones previas
en lo que respecta a la obtención de una curva más fisiológica en el plano sagital. Permite
corregir la hipocifosis torácica severa y mantener la lordosis lumbar dentro de límites normales,
incluso en instrumentaciones por debajo de L3.Sagittal plane analysis of 50 patients with idiopathic scoliosis treated with Cotrel-
Dubousset instrumentation was performed. Mean follow-up was 72 months. The values of thoracic
kyphosis from T5 to T12 and lumbar lordosis from L1 to L5 were retrospectively reviewed.
Scoliotic curves were classified according to King et al. The results showed that there was not any
significant change in thoracic kyphosis after surgery. Only those patients with preoperative thoracic
hypokyphosis achieved a significant realignment. There was an obvious increase of thoracic
kyphosis with time. Lumbar lordosis was maintained within normal limits in the mayority of patients.
Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation achieves better sagittal alignment than previous systems.
It corrects thoracic hypokyphosis and preserves lumbar lordosis, even when the instrumentation
is carried out lower than L3
Avulsión de la tuberosidad anterior de la tibia asociada a rotura del tendón cuadricipital
Se presenta 1 caso de fractura-avulsión de la tuberosidad anterior de la tibia asociada
a rotura del tendón cuadricipital en un varón de 16 años. Tras el tratamiento quirúrgico de
la fractura tuberositaria, y a pesar de haber pasado inicialmcnte inadvertida la lesión tendinosa,
el resultado final a los 9 meses ha sido satisfactorio.A case of avulsion-fracture of the anterior tibial tubercle associated with rupture
of the cuadricipital tendon in a 16-ycars-old boy is presented. After surgical treatment, in spite of
having overlooked initially the tendinous lesion, the functional result at 9 months follow-up has
been satisfactory
A Method for Modeling Decoherence on a Quantum Information Processor
We develop and implement a method for modeling decoherence processes on an
N-dimensional quantum system that requires only an -dimensional quantum
environment and random classical fields. This model offers the advantage that
it may be implemented on small quantum information processors in order to
explore the intermediate regime between semiclassical and fully quantum models.
We consider in particular system-environment couplings which
induce coherence (phase) damping, though the model is directly extendable to
other coupling Hamiltonians. Effective, irreversible phase-damping of the
system is obtained by applying an additional stochastic Hamiltonian on the
environment alone, periodically redressing it and thereby irreversibliy
randomizing the system phase information that has leaked into the environment
as a result of the coupling. This model is exactly solvable in the case of
phase-damping, and we use this solution to describe the model's behavior in
some limiting cases. In the limit of small stochastic phase kicks the system's
coherence decays exponentially at a rate which increases linearly with the kick
frequency. In the case of strong kicks we observe an effective decoupling of
the system from the environment. We present a detailed implementation of the
method on an nuclear magnetic resonance quantum information processor.Comment: 12 pages, 9 figure
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