Entre ondas y bits: el podcasting en las redes nacionales de radio españolas

RESUMEN Este trabajo es una primera aproximación a los modelos de programación de las cadenas de radio generalistas de España y a sus contenidos dominantes comparados con aquellos que ofrecen en sus plataformas de internet esas mismas cadenas a través del  podcasting. Para ello se ha diseñado un análisis de las parrillas de programación y de los contenidos de las mismas en las principales emisoras españolas (SER, COPE, Onda Cero, Punto Radio y RNE1) y se ha comparado con la oferta de contenidos en podcast de las cinco cadenas. El objetivo es cuantificar, si la hubiese, la oferta novedosa en contenidos desde la red al oyente y analizar los nuevos formatos en los que se está apuntalando la radio del futuro. Palabras clave: Radio, podcasting, Internet, programación radiofónica.   RESUMO Este trabalho apresenta uma comparação entre modelos de programação de redes de rádio generalistas na Espanha oferecida pelos sistemas de radiodifusão tradicionais e aqueles oferecidos por meio de seus websites e podcasts. Uma análise de conteúdo sistemática foi concebida para rever a programação das principais redes de rádio espanholas (SER, COPE, Onda Cero, Punto Radio e RNE1) e compará-la com seus ofertas de podcast. Como resultado, podemos avaliar as diferenças entre o analógico e a oferta digital via podcasting, e os formatos para o futuro da radiodifusão. Palavras-chave: radiodifusão, podcasting, internet, programação radiofônica   ABSTRACT This paper presents a comparison between programming models of generalist radio networks in Spain offered by traditional broadcasting systems and those offered through their websites and podcasting. A systematic content analysis has been designed to review programming schedules of the main Spanish radio networks (SER, COPE, Onda Cero, Punto Radio and RNE1) and compare it with their podcast outlets. As a result, we evaluate the differences between the analogue and the digital-podcasting offer, and the formats for the future of radio broadcasting. Keywords: Broadcasting, radio, podcasting, internet, radio programming

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Entre ondas y bits: el podcasting en las redes nacionales de radio españolas

Este trabalho apresenta uma comparação entre modelos de programação de redes de rádio generalistas na Espanha oferecida pelos sistemas de radiodifusão tradicionais e aqueles oferecidos por meio de seus websites e podcasts. Uma análise de conteúdo sistemática foi concebida para rever a programação das principais redes de rádio espanholas (SER, COPE, Onda Cero, Punto Radio e RNE1) e compará-la com seus ofertas de podcast. Como resultado, podemos avaliar as diferenças entre o analógico e a oferta digital via podcasting, e os formatos para o futuro da radiodifusão.Este trabajo es una primera aproximación a los modelos de programación de las cadenas de radio generalistas de España y a sus contenidos dominantes comparados con aquellos que ofrecen en sus plataformas de internet esas mismas cadenas a través del  podcasting. Para ello se ha diseñado un análisis de las parrillas de programación y de los contenidos de las mismas en las principales emisoras españolas (SER, COPE, Onda Cero, Punto Radio y RNE1) y se ha comparado con la oferta de contenidos en podcast de las cinco cadenas. El objetivo es cuantificar, si la hubiese, la oferta novedosa en contenidos desde la red al oyente y analizar los nuevos formatos en los que se está apuntalando la radio del futuro.  Este trabajo es una primera aproximación a los modelos de programación de las cadenas de radio generalistas de España y a sus contenidos dominantes comparados con aquellos que ofrecen en sus plataformas de internet esas mismas cadenas a través del  podcasting. Para ello se ha diseñado un análisis de las parrillas de programación y de los contenidos de las mismas en las principales emisoras españolas (SER, COPE, Onda Cero, Punto Radio y RNE1) y se ha comparado con la oferta de contenidos en podcast de las cinco cadenas. El objetivo es cuantificar, si la hubiese, la oferta novedosa en contenidos desde la red al oyente y analizar los nuevos formatos en los que se está apuntalando la radio del futuro

CHEM-E-CAR: From theory to practice. Construction of a prototype

El proyecto consiste en construir un prototipo de coche “Chem-E-Car” y constituir a la UCM como una de las primeras universidades españolas que participa en dicha competición internacional.The objective of the project consists of building a prototype car "Chem-E-Car" and constitute the UCM as one of the first Spanish universities participating in this international competition.FALSEsubmitte

Presentation of the final prototype to the "Chem-E-Car" Competition at the 10th World Congress of Chemical Engineering

El proyecto consistió en la presentación del prototipo Chem-E-Car desarrollado en la UCM en la competición mundial que se celebró durante el transcurso del Congreso Mundial de Ingeniería Química (Barcelona, 30 septiembre-2 de octubre de 2017).The project consisted of the presentation of the Chem-E-Car prototype developed at the UCM in the world competition held during the World Congress of Chemical Engineering (Barcelona, September 30-October 2, 2017).Depto. de Ingeniería Química y de MaterialesFac. de Ciencias QuímicasFALSEsubmitte

Novel genes and sex differences in COVID-19 severity.

Here we describe the results of a genome-wide study conducted in 11 939 COVID-19 positive cases with an extensive clinical information that were recruited from 34 hospitals across Spain (SCOURGE consortium). In sex-disaggregated genome-wide association studies for COVID-19 hospitalization, genome-wide significance (p < 5x10-8) was crossed for variants in 3p21.31 and 21q22.11 loci only among males (p = 1.3x10-22 and p = 8.1x10-12, respectively), and for variants in 9q21.32 near TLE1 only among females (p = 4.4x10-8). In a second phase, results were combined with an independent Spanish cohort (1598 COVID-19 cases and 1068 population controls), revealing in the overall analysis two novel risk loci in 9p13.3 and 19q13.12, with fine-mapping prioritized variants functionally associated with AQP3 (p = 2.7x10-8) and ARHGAP33 (p = 1.3x10-8), respectively. The meta-analysis of both phases with four European studies stratified by sex from the Host Genetics Initiative confirmed the association of the 3p21.31 and 21q22.11 loci predominantly in males and replicated a recently reported variant in 11p13 (ELF5, p = 4.1x10-8). Six of the COVID-19 HGI discovered loci were replicated and an HGI-based genetic risk score predicted the severity strata in SCOURGE. We also found more SNP-heritability and larger heritability differences by age (<60 or ≥ 60 years) among males than among females. Parallel genome-wide screening of inbreeding depression in SCOURGE also showed an effect of homozygosity in COVID-19 hospitalization and severity and this effect was stronger among older males. In summary, new candidate genes for COVID-19 severity and evidence supporting genetic disparities among sexes are provided

Global variation in postoperative mortality and complications after cancer surgery: a multicentre, prospective cohort study in 82 countries

© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licenseBackground: 80% of individuals with cancer will require a surgical procedure, yet little comparative data exist on early outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared postoperative outcomes in breast, colorectal, and gastric cancer surgery in hospitals worldwide, focusing on the effect of disease stage and complications on postoperative mortality. Methods: This was a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of consecutive adult patients undergoing surgery for primary breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer requiring a skin incision done under general or neuraxial anaesthesia. The primary outcome was death or major complication within 30 days of surgery. Multilevel logistic regression determined relationships within three-level nested models of patients within hospitals and countries. Hospital-level infrastructure effects were explored with three-way mediation analyses. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03471494. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and Jan 31, 2019, we enrolled 15 958 patients from 428 hospitals in 82 countries (high income 9106 patients, 31 countries; upper-middle income 2721 patients, 23 countries; or lower-middle income 4131 patients, 28 countries). Patients in LMICs presented with more advanced disease compared with patients in high-income countries. 30-day mortality was higher for gastric cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (adjusted odds ratio 3·72, 95% CI 1·70–8·16) and for colorectal cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (4·59, 2·39–8·80) and upper-middle-income countries (2·06, 1·11–3·83). No difference in 30-day mortality was seen in breast cancer. The proportion of patients who died after a major complication was greatest in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (6·15, 3·26–11·59) and upper-middle-income countries (3·89, 2·08–7·29). Postoperative death after complications was partly explained by patient factors (60%) and partly by hospital or country (40%). The absence of consistently available postoperative care facilities was associated with seven to 10 more deaths per 100 major complications in LMICs. Cancer stage alone explained little of the early variation in mortality or postoperative complications. Interpretation: Higher levels of mortality after cancer surgery in LMICs was not fully explained by later presentation of disease. The capacity to rescue patients from surgical complications is a tangible opportunity for meaningful intervention. Early death after cancer surgery might be reduced by policies focusing on strengthening perioperative care systems to detect and intervene in common complications. Funding: National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit