Structuring of a management model based on doctrines contemporary for companies, MIP y MES in Colombia

El presente trabajo de investigación se basa en la estructuración de un modelo sobre los conocimientos mínimos que requieren los administradores, gerentes o propietarios de este tipo de empresas en el país; producto de identificar algunas debilidades que han ocasionado, que muchas no logren nunca sobrepasar niveles elementales de crecimiento, estancándose donde la capacidad de los dueños es limitada por la incomprensión del mundo empresarial modernoThis research work is based on the structure of a model on minimum knowledge requiring administrators, managers or owners of such businesses in the country; product identify some weaknesses that have caused many not be never exceed basic levels of growth, stagnating where the ability of the owners is limited by the lack of understanding of the modern business worl

Evolución de la seguridad privada en Colombia como negocio

Para lograr un óptimo desempeño dentro del mercado de la seguridad como especialistas en administración de la seguridad, es preciso conocer los antecedentes que dieron origen al sistema actual que lo rige, su evolución en el contexto nacional como empresa y finalmente reconocer su proyección a futuro, de tal manera que el fin del presente ensayo es ofrecer un análisis que proporcione a quien lo lea un entendimiento en conjunto de la realidad del negocio, razones generales de la normatividad actual, ubicación dentro de la economía colombiana y latinoamericana, de tal manera que quien decida dedicarse laboralmente en este tipo de mercado pueda contar con una herramienta que le proporcione una visión global conceptual que le dé certeza de lo que significa hacer parte del negocio de la seguridad privada en Colombia

Concept design and energy balance optimization of a hydrogen fuel cell helicopter for unmanned aerial vehicle and aerotaxi applications

[EN] In the new scenario where the transportation sector must be decarbonized to limit global warming, fuel cell-powered aerial vehicles have been selected as a strategic target application to compose part of the urban fleet to minimize road transport congestion and make goods and personal transportation fast and efficient. To address the necessity of clean and efficient urban air transport, this work consists of the conceptual development of a lightweight rotary-winged transport vehicle using a hydrogen-based fuel cell propulsion system and the optimization of its energy balance. For that purpose, the methods for integrating the coupled aerodynamic and propulsion system sizing and optimization was developed with the aim of designing concepts capable of carrying 0 (unmanned aerial vehicle - Design 1) and 1 (Aerotaxi - Design 2) passengers for a distance of 300 km at a cruise altitude of 500 m with a minimum climbing rate capability of 6 m s-1 at 1000 m. The results show how these designs with the desired performance specifications can be obtained with a vehicle mass ranging from 416 to 648 kg, depending on the application, and with specific range and endurance respectively within 46.2-47.8 km/kg and 20.4-21.3 min/kg for design 1 and 33.3-33.8 km/kg and 12.5-13.9 min/kg for design 2.This research has been partially funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation, and University through the University Faculty Training (FPU) program (FPU19/00550) and FEDER and the Generalitat Valenciana, Consellerfa d'Innovacio, Universitats, Ciencia i Societat Digital through project IDIFEDER/2021/039. Funding for open access charge: CRUE-Universitat Politecnica de Valencia.Tiseira, A.; Novella Rosa, R.; García-Cuevas González, LM.; López-Juárez, M. (2023). Concept design and energy balance optimization of a hydrogen fuel cell helicopter for unmanned aerial vehicle and aerotaxi applications. Energy Conversion and Management. 288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2023.11710128

Inteligencia de fuentes abierta (OSINT) para operaciones de ciberseguridad. “Aplicación de OSINT en un contexto colombiano y análisis de sentimientos”

La Inteligencia de fuentes abiertas (OSINT) es una rama de la ciber inteligencia usada para obtener y analizar información relacionada a posibles adversarios, para que esta pueda apoyar evaluaciones de riesgo y ayudar a prevenir afectaciones contra activos críticos. Este ar-tículo presenta una investigación acerca de diferentes tecnologías OSINT y como estas pueden ser usadas para desarrollar tareas de ciber inteligencia de una nación. Un conjunto de transformadas apropiadas para un contexto colombiano son presentadas y contribuidas a la comunidad, permitiendo a organismos de seguridad adelantar procesos de recolección de información de fuentes abiertas colombianas. Sin embargo, el verda-dero aprovechamiento de la información recolectada se da mediante la implementación de tres modelos de aprendizaje automático usados para desarrollar análisis de sentimientos sobre dicha información, con el fin de saber la posición del adversario respecto a determi-nados temas y así entender la motivación que puede tener, lo cual permite definir estrategias de ciberdefensa apropiadas. Finalmente, algunos desafíos relacionados a la aplicación de técnicas OSINT también son iden-tificados y descritos al respecto de su aplicación por agencias de seguridad del estado.Open source intelligence (OSINT) is a cyber-intelli-gence branch used to obtain and analyze information related to potential adversaries, so it can support risk assessments and help to prevent damages against cri-tical assets. This paper presents a research about diffe-rent OSINT technologies and how these can be used to perform cyber intelligence tasks of a nation. A set of transforms addressed to the Colombian context are pre-sented, which were implemented and contributed to the community allowing to the law enforcement agencies to develop information gathering process from Colombian open sources. However, the real use of the information is given by the implementation of three machine learning models used to perform sentiment analysis over this in-formation, in order to know the opinion of the adversary about certain topic and understand his motivation and, in this way, define proper cyber defense strategies. Fina-lly, some challenges related to the application of OSINT techniques are identified and described regarding its use by state security agencie

Towards the construction of a mechanism supported in fuzzy logic to evaluate the viability of businesses under the canvas model

This article aims at showing the first functional approximation to the creation of a mechanism which generates a viability indicator of of a producto r a business plan base don the design of Canvas Model as well as using Emis Benchmarking Score as a referential issue suggested by Euromoney Institutional Inversor Company (EMIS), an organization which reveals company financial information. This approximation focuses on the application of fuzzy logic as a tool for analyzing and generating this indicator. Based on the data and information generated by a fuzzy stated system and experimental figures, a Pearson correlation coefficient was used to measure this behavioral model, resulting in 88 % whic

COVID-19 – Guía Práctica para Cirugía Plástica Electiva

The present article tries to define the necessary strategies and protocols for the management of patients who are candidates for elective cosmetic plastic surgery, in order to reduce the different conditions that may arise the risk of complications related to aesthetic surgery in the current context of the COVID-19 pandemic. We define strategies of biosecurity, personal protection elements, self-care, sanitation, disinfection and screening, since our activity is aimed at the care of healthy patients, the patients must assume a shared responsibility in order to be accordance with the necessary guidelines included in this protocol. With this protocol, we seek to establish necessary alternatives and activities to mitigate COVID-19 infection in the context of the actual health emergency of our country, in order to guarantee the safety of patients and health providers, seeking an adequate reactivation of our labor sector under the guidelines established by the health authorities. This protocol establishes the biosafety guidelines that are applied in all the patient care steps (preoperative, transoperative and postoperative).El presente trabajo procura definir estrategias necesarias para el manejo de pacientes candidatos a cirugía plástica electiva estética, reduciendo las condiciones de riesgo que se pudiesen presentar en el ejercicio de la cirugía plástica estética en el contexto actual de la pandemia por el COVID-19. Estrategias relacionadas con la bioseguridad, elementos de protección, auto-cuidado, higienización, desinfección y tamizaje, ya que esta actividad se direcciona a la atención de pacientes sanos, por lo cual debe asumirse una co-responsabilidad por parte del paciente en el cumplimiento de las orientaciones y cuidados necesarios contemplados en el protocolo. Con esta guía buscamos establecer alternativas y actividades necesarias para la mitigación del contagio por COVID-19, teniendo en cuenta la emergencia sanitaria en nuestro país, con el fin de garantizar la seguridad de los pacientes y personal sanitario, gestionando una adecuada reactivación de nuestro sector laboral bajo los lineamientos establecidos por las autoridades sanitarias. Este trabajo establece los lineamientos de bioseguridad que se aplican en todas las etapas de atención del paciente (preoperatorio, transoperatorio y postoperatorio)

Sex Differences in COVID-19 Hospitalization and Hospital Mortality among Patients with COPD in Spain: A Retrospective Cohort Study

We aimed to assess the effect of COPD in the incidence of hospital admissions for COVID-19 and on the in-hospital mortality (IHM) according to sex. (2) Methods: We used national hospital discharge data to select persons aged ≥40 years admitted to a hospital with a diagnosis of COVID-19 in 2020 in Spain. (3) Results: The study population included 218,301 patients. Age-adjusted incidence rates of COVID-19 hospitalizations for men with and without COPD were 10.66 and 9.27 per 1000 persons, respectively (IRR 1.14; 95% CI 1.08–1.20; p < 0.001). The IHM was higher in men than in women regardless of the history of COPD. The COPD was associated with higher IHM among women (OR 1.09; 95% CI 1.01–1.22) but not among men. The COPD men had a 25% higher risk of dying in the hospital with COVID-19 than women with COPD (OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.1–1.42). (4) Conclusions: Sex differences seem to exist in the effect of COPD among patients suffering COVID-19. The history of COPD increased the risk of hospitalization among men but not among women, and COPD was only identified as a risk factor for IHM among women. In any case, we observed that COPD men had a higher mortality than COPD women. Understanding the mechanisms underlying these sex differences could help predict the patient outcomes and inform clinical decision making to facilitate early treatment and disposition decisions.Fac. de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y PodologíaTRUEComunidad de MadridUniversidad Complutense de Madridpu

Psychological and cognitive factors related to prehospital delay in acute coronary syndrome: A systematic review

We would like to thank Yolanda Ramírez Casas for her help with data collection. This research is part of the PhD thesis of Mercedes Arrebola Moreno (Programa de Doctorado en Psicología, Universidad de Granada).Background: In acute coronary syndrome the time elapsed between the start of symptoms and the moment the patient receives treatment is an important determinant of survival and subsequent recovery. However, many patients do not receive treatment as quickly as recommended, mostly due to substantial prehospital delays such as waiting to seek medical attention after symptoms have started. Objective: To conduct a systematic review with meta-analysis of the relationship between nine frequently investigated psychological and cognitive factors and prehospital delay. Design: A protocol was preregistered in PROSPERO [CRD42018094198] and a systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Data sources: The following databases were searched for quantitative articles published between 1997 and 2019: Medline (PubMed), Web of Science, Scopus, Psych Info, PAIS, and Open grey. Review methods: Study risk of bias was assessed with the NIH Quality Assessment Tool for Observational, Cohort, and Cross-Sectional Studies. A best evidence synthesis was performed to summarize the findings of the included studies. Results: Forty-eight articles, reporting on 57 studies from 23 countries met the inclusion criteria. Studies used very diverse definitions of prehospital delay and analytical practices, which precluded meta-analysis. The best evidence synthesis indicated that there was evidence that patients who attributed their symptoms to a cardiac event (n = 37), perceived symptoms as serious (n = 24), or felt anxiety in response to symptoms (n = 15) reported shorter prehospital delay, with effect sizes indicating important clinical differences (e.g., 1.5–2 h shorter prehospital delay). In contrast, there was limited evidence for a relationship between prehospital delay and knowledge of symptoms (n = 18), concern for troubling others (n = 18), fear (n = 17), or embarrassment in asking for help (n = 14). Conclusions: The current review shows that symptom attribution to cardiac events and some degree of perceived threat are fundamental to speed up help-seeking. In contrast, social concerns and barriers in seeking medical attention (embarrassment or concern for troubling others) may not be as important as initially thought. The current review also shows that the use of very diverse methodological practices strongly limits the integration of evidence into meaningful recommendations. We conclude that there is urgent need for common guidelines for prehospital delay study design and reporting.Juan de la Cierva Fellowship from the Spanish Ministry of Science FJCI-2016-28279Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (Spain) PSI2014-51842-RAndalusian Regional Goverment SOMM17-6103-UGREuropean Union (EU) SOMM17-6103-UGRMinisterio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad, Spain RYC-2016-2015

Trends in prevalence and the effects on hospital outcomes of dementia in patients hospitalized with acute COPD exacerbation

Aims: To assess changes in prevalence and the effects on hospital outcomes of dementia among patients hospitalized with an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AE-COPD); and to evaluate sexdifferences, as well as the impact of COVID-19 pandemic in this relationship. Methods: We used a nationwide discharge database to select patients admitted with AE-COPD in Spain from 2011 to 2020. We identified those with any type of dementia, vascular dementia (VaD) or Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Results: We identified 658,429 hospitalizations with AE-COPD (4.45% had any type of dementia, 0.79% VaD and 1.57% AD). The presence of any type of dementia remained stable from 2011 to 2015, and increased significantly between 2016 and 2020. For VaD, the time trend showed no change until 2020, when a significant increment was found. The probability of AD decreased significantly overtime. The in-hospital mortality (IHM) among patients with any type of dementia remained stable overtime until 2020, when it increased significantly. Older age, higher comorbidity, COVID-19, and use of mechanical ventilation were variables associated to IHM. Women had lower risk of dying in the hospital than men in all subgroups. Conclusions: After a previous period of stability, the prevalence of any type of dementia increased over the last 5 years of the study, although we identified different trends depending on the specific cause of dementia. The IHM remained stable overtime until 2020, when it increased, probably related to the COVID-19 pandemic. It is remarkable the protective effect of female sex for IHM.Depto. de Salud Pública y Materno - InfantilFac. de MedicinaTRUEResearch Aid 2022Sociedad Madrileña de Neumología y Cirugía de Tórax (NEUMOMADRID)Comunidad de MadridUniversidad Complutense de Madrid. Grupo de Investigación en Epidemiología de las Enfermedades Crónicas de Alta Prevalencia en EspañaSociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía de Tórax (SEPAR)pu

Agricultura y campos de cultivo en la sierra de Alcaraz. Prefacio en la hoya de Haches entre la protohistoria y el medievo

Se presenta en estas páginas una introducción al estudio de las explotaciones de tipo agrícola en la serranía de Alcaraz, en el cuadrante suroccidental de la provincia de Albacete, desde la protohistoria hasta época medieval. Desde el caso concreto de la hoya de Haches se pretende lograr un vistazo general, en clave diacrónica, de los procesos de elección de tierras, sistemas de aprovechamiento y dinámicas del control del territorio explotado desde los núcleos habitados con objeto de sentar las bases para practicar estudios más completos y complejos a propósito de las sociedades concretas que ocuparon esta comarca.This paper introduces a study on agricultural exploitations in the Alcaraz mountain range, in the southwestern quadrant of the province of Albacete, from protohistoric to medieval times. From the specific case of the Haches valley, the aim is to achieve a diachronic vision of the land selection processes, exploitation systems, and control dynamics of the territory exploited from the inhabited nuclei in order to lay the foundations for more complete and complex studies on the specific societies that occupied this region.Proyecto Haches en su fase 2/2022 se encuentra financiado por el Instituto de Estudios Albacetenses “Don Juan Manuel”, la Diputación de Albacete y el Ayuntamiento de Bogarra en colaboración con la Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha