On the generalised Chaplygin gas: worse than a big rip or quieter than a sudden singularity?

Although it has been believed that the models with generalised Chaplygin gas do not contain singularities, in a previous work we have studied how a big freeze could take place in some kinds of phantom generalised Chaplygin gas. In the present work, we study some types of generalised Chaplygin gas in order to show how different sorts of singularities could appears in such models, in the future or in the past. We point out that: (i) singularities may not be originated from the phantom nature of the fluid, and (ii) if initially the tension of the brane in a brane-world Chaplygin model is large enough then an infrared cut off appears in the past.Comment: 19 pages, 6 figures. Discussion expanded and references added. Version to appear in the International Journal of Modern Physics

Human VRK1 Is an Early Response Gene and Its Loss Causes a Block in Cell Cycle Progression

Background: In mammalian cells regulatory proteins controlling the cell cycle are necessary due to the requirements of living in a heterogeneous environment of cell-interactions and growth factors. VRK1 is a novel serine-threonine kinase that phosphorylates several transcription factors and is associated with proliferation phenotypes. Methodology/Principal Findings: In this report VRK1 has been identified as regulated in the cell cycle. VRK1 gene expression is activated by the addition of serum to starved cells, indicating it is required for the exit of G0 phase and entry in G1; a response that parallels the re-expression of MYC, FOS and CCND1 (cyclin D1) genes, suggesting that VRK1 is an earlyresponse gene. VRK1 gene expression is also shutdown by serum withdrawal. The human VRK1 gene promoter cloned in a luciferase reporter responds similarly to serum. In response to serum, the level of VRK1 protein expression has a positive correlation with cell proliferation markers such as phosphorylated-Rb or PCNA, and is inversely correlated with cell cycle inhibitors such as p27. The elimination of VRK1 by siRNA results in a G1 block in cell division, and in loss of phosphorylated-Rb, cyclin D1, and other proliferation markers. Elimination of VRK1 by siRNA induces a reduction of cell proliferation. VRK1 colocalizes with p63 in proliferating areas of squamous epithelium, and identifies a subpopulation in the basal layer. Conclusions/Significance: VRK1 is an immediate early response gene required for entry in G1, and due to its implication i

Chronotopes and stereotypes in advertising fiction. An analysis of the identification of the receptor with the advertising story

En el relato publicitario hay dos componentes principales con los que el receptor se identifica. Son el cronotopo y los personajes estereotipados. El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar cómo estas dos categorías narrativas imponen límites en el proceso de decodificación por parte de la audiencia. Para ello, desarrollamos un análisis de contenido de 612 anuncios televisivos (2009-2013). Los resultados nos muestran que escenarios y relaciones representados ofrecen al receptor esperanzas de una vida mejor; ofrecen un mundo de ficción que permite a los individuos identificarse con el sueño de experiencias que mejoran sus condiciones actuales. Aunque estas nuevas experiencias solo son posibles mediante el consumo de los objetos publicitados.In the advertising story there are two main components to the receiver is identified. They are the chronotope and stereotypical characters. The aim of this paper is to analyze how these narrative categories impose limits on the advertising text audience’s decoding. For this purpose we develop a content analysis of 612 television adverts (2009-2013). The research results show that the relations and scenes represented offer the receiver hopes of a better life; they offer a fiction world that allows individuals to identify with the dream of experiences that improve their current conditions. However, these new experiences are only possible through the use of advertised objects

Comparación de los hábitos de consumo de carne de conejo entre consumidores jóvenes y compradores tradicionales de Sevilla

Se estudiaron los hábitos de consumo de carne de conejo de 499 estudiantes universitarios y de 399 compradores en mercados tradicionales de Sevilla (España). Los estudiantes universitarios afirmaron haber probado (67,9%) y consumir actualmente (38,6%) la carne de conejo en menor proporción que los compradores tradicionales (prueban: 84,5%; consumen: 46,6%). Ambos grupos afirman que les gusta esta carne en la misma proporción (78%).Las mujeres, sobre todo jóvenes, afirmaron haber probado y que les gusta en menor proporción esta carne que en el caso de los hombres. Se reveló además un mayor hábito de consumo y preferencia por la carne de conejo de monte en comparación con la del de granja, siendo la carne de conejo de monte preferida a la del de granja por un 88,2% de los consumidores sin distinción de grupo. Se dedujo una disminución del consumo de la carne de conejo entre los jóvenes en comparación con los compradores en mercados tradicionales

Meaning-based attentional guidance as a function of foveal and task-related cognitive loads

Published online: 05 Jun 2018The depth of parafoveal word processing depends on the amount of cognitive resources available. Whether this principle applies to the parafoveal semantic processing of multiple words remains, however, controversial. This study therefore aimed at testing the impact of the amount of cognitive resources available on the parafoveal semantic processing of words, by manipulating the foveal and task-related cognitive loads. Participants searched for words in displays of three semantically related or unrelated words, one of which was presented in the centre of the screen and two within the parafovea. The nature of the task and the characteristics of the centred word were manipulated to vary respectively the load associated to the task and to the foveal load. Analyses revealed more first saccades toward the parafoveal semantic distractors when both loads were low. These results indicate that fast parafoveal semantic word processing is constrained by the availability of cognitive resources.This work was supported by Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad [grant number PSI2016-79624-P]; Direction Générale de l'Armement [grant number 2013.60.0019]