39 research outputs found

    Le jeu de rĂŽle en EDD pour dĂ©passer une pensĂ©e binaire : une Ă©tude de cas Ă  l’école primaire

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    Le jeu de rĂŽle est une forme de dĂ©bat dans lequel les arguments sont fournis aux participants. Cet article repose sur l’analyse des Ă©changes langagiers lors d’un jeu de rĂŽle autour d’une problĂ©matique relative au territoire local dans une classe d’élĂšves français ĂągĂ©s de 8 Ă  10 ans. Nous identifions les accords et dĂ©saccords avec les diverses propositions afin d’établir leur degrĂ© de cohĂ©rence avec leur personnage. Les rĂ©sultats tĂ©moignent d’un niveau d’argumentation Ă©levĂ©, d’une cohĂ©rence dans les arguments avancĂ©s ainsi que de l’émergence de nouvelles propositions. Le jeu de rĂŽle semble remplir sa fonction d’appropriation d’arguments. Il rend compte Ă©galement d’une possible construction de compĂ©tences Ă©cocitoyennes.Debating is a school practice mobilized in various contexts with varied stakes and renewed modalities in primary school French curriculum. We present the analysis of linguistic exchanges during a role-play with 8 to 10 years old pupils from the point of view of argumentation. We try to identify if pupils are capable of mobilizing arguments and if exchanged arguments are coherent with the character they represent. Results testify of a high argumentation level, of coherence in advanced arguments as well as an emergence of new proposals. If role-play fulfills its arguments appropriation function, it also conveys a possible thought emancipation

    Transfusion Related Acute Lung Injury (TRALI) Caused by Red Blood Cell Transfusion Involving Residual Plasma Anti-HLA Antibodies: A report on two Cases and General Considerations

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    TRALI is considered a serious hazard among immune complications of blood transfusion and its occurrence is admitted to be globally underestimated. Each type of blood product is likely to cause TRALI. We report here on two consecutive observations of TRALI caused by red blood cell concentrates, in which anti-HLA class I and class II antibodies resulting from post-gravitational allo-immunization were evidenced in donors. HLA class I and II antigenic community between recipients and donors' husbands were found and strong reacting IgG antibodies directed at several of those common antigens were detected in the donors' serum. Both donors had more than 3 pregnancies, raising the issue of blood donor selection or of plasma reduction for cellular products

    The GRAVITY+ Project: Towards All-sky, Faint-Science, High-Contrast Near-Infrared Interferometry at the VLTI

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    The GRAVITY instrument has been revolutionary for near-infrared interferometry by pushing sensitivity and precision to previously unknown limits. With the upgrade of GRAVITY and the Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI) in GRAVITY+, these limits will be pushed even further, with vastly improved sky coverage, as well as faint-science and high-contrast capabilities. This upgrade includes the implementation of wide-field off-axis fringe-tracking, new adaptive optics systems on all Unit Telescopes, and laser guide stars in an upgraded facility. GRAVITY+ will open up the sky to the measurement of black hole masses across cosmic time in hundreds of active galactic nuclei, use the faint stars in the Galactic centre to probe General Relativity, and enable the characterisation of dozens of young exoplanets to study their formation, bearing the promise of another scientific revolution to come at the VLTI.Comment: Published in the ESO Messenge

    A Solve-RD ClinVar-based reanalysis of 1522 index cases from ERN-ITHACA reveals common pitfalls and misinterpretations in exome sequencing

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    Purpose Within the Solve-RD project (https://solve-rd.eu/), the European Reference Network for Intellectual disability, TeleHealth, Autism and Congenital Anomalies aimed to investigate whether a reanalysis of exomes from unsolved cases based on ClinVar annotations could establish additional diagnoses. We present the results of the “ClinVar low-hanging fruit” reanalysis, reasons for the failure of previous analyses, and lessons learned. Methods Data from the first 3576 exomes (1522 probands and 2054 relatives) collected from European Reference Network for Intellectual disability, TeleHealth, Autism and Congenital Anomalies was reanalyzed by the Solve-RD consortium by evaluating for the presence of single-nucleotide variant, and small insertions and deletions already reported as (likely) pathogenic in ClinVar. Variants were filtered according to frequency, genotype, and mode of inheritance and reinterpreted. Results We identified causal variants in 59 cases (3.9%), 50 of them also raised by other approaches and 9 leading to new diagnoses, highlighting interpretation challenges: variants in genes not known to be involved in human disease at the time of the first analysis, misleading genotypes, or variants undetected by local pipelines (variants in off-target regions, low quality filters, low allelic balance, or high frequency). Conclusion The “ClinVar low-hanging fruit” analysis represents an effective, fast, and easy approach to recover causal variants from exome sequencing data, herewith contributing to the reduction of the diagnostic deadlock

    Twist exome capture allows for lower average sequence coverage in clinical exome sequencing

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    Background Exome and genome sequencing are the predominant techniques in the diagnosis and research of genetic disorders. Sufficient, uniform and reproducible/consistent sequence coverage is a main determinant for the sensitivity to detect single-nucleotide (SNVs) and copy number variants (CNVs). Here we compared the ability to obtain comprehensive exome coverage for recent exome capture kits and genome sequencing techniques. Results We compared three different widely used enrichment kits (Agilent SureSelect Human All Exon V5, Agilent SureSelect Human All Exon V7 and Twist Bioscience) as well as short-read and long-read WGS. We show that the Twist exome capture significantly improves complete coverage and coverage uniformity across coding regions compared to other exome capture kits. Twist performance is comparable to that of both short- and long-read whole genome sequencing. Additionally, we show that even at a reduced average coverage of 70× there is only minimal loss in sensitivity for SNV and CNV detection. Conclusion We conclude that exome sequencing with Twist represents a significant improvement and could be performed at lower sequence coverage compared to other exome capture techniques

    Les valeurs dans les représentations de l'éducation au développement durable chez des étudiants et des professeurs des écoles

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    Dix ans aprĂšs la premiĂšre circulaire dans le systĂšme Ă©ducatif français sur la gĂ©nĂ©ralisation de l'Ă©ducation au dĂ©veloppement durable (ÉDD), nous proposons une analyse des reprĂ©sentations, pour des Ă©tudiants et des professeurs des Ă©coles, au sujet de l'ÉDD et des valeurs qui la fondent. 172 étudiants et 190 enseignants ont Ă©tĂ© interrogĂ©s pour une partie d'entre eux en 2005, et pour l'autre partie en 2012 (enseignants) et en 2014 (Ă©tudiants). Les rĂ©ponses des sujets sont Ă©tudiĂ©es en relation avec le contenu des curricula prescrits. L'analyse des dĂ©finitions rĂ©vĂšle une vision majoritairement centrĂ©e sur l'environnement. D'autre part, les valeurs les plus citĂ©es, comme le respect ou la citoyennetĂ©, se retrouvent dans les curricula prescrits. La dominance de certaines valeurs au dĂ©triment d'autres ainsi que les faibles diffĂ©rences de reprĂ©sentations, aprĂšs plusieurs circulaires, posent question du point de vue de la formation des enseignants.This paper examines the representation of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) for 172 french students and 190 primary school teachers. We compared results between 2005 (one year after the first circular letter dealing with ESD generalization in France) and 2012 for the teachers or 2014 for students (after the third circular letter about ESD) to find changes in representations. On the one hand, results show a mainly environment centered vision. On the other hand, the most often quoted values such as respect and citizenship are found in prescribed curricula. The dominance of some values to the detriment of other ones and faint representation differences question teachers' training

    Concevoir le futur d’un territoire dans une perspective d’éducation au dĂ©veloppement

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    La projection vers le futur est une prĂ©occupation centrale de l'Ă©ducation au dĂ©veloppement durable qui reste nĂ©anmoins anecdotique dans les actions Ă©ducatives. De plus, lorsque le futur est envisagĂ©, il prĂ©sente majoritairement une vision catastrophiste ou pessimiste. Cet article Ă©tudie la reprĂ©sentation pour des Ă©lĂšves de l'Ă©cole primaire ĂągĂ©s de 8 Ă  10 ans du futur de leur territoire, en prenant appui sur l’étude de l’évolution du paysage et en leur proposant un contexte pĂ©dagogique enrichi par les apports de scientifiques dans le cadre d'un Observatoire Hommes-Milieux. Pour les Ă©lĂšves, il s'agit de travailler les dimensions temporelles de leur territoire (passĂ©/prĂ©sent/futur) et d'envisager un futur probable au regard d'arguments et un futur rĂȘvĂ© impliquant leur imaginaire. À travers l'analyse de dessins illustrant ces deux types de futur, les rĂ©sultats montrent d'une part une intĂ©gration partielle d'arguments de chercheurs ou d'acteurs du territoire et, d'autre part une faible capacitĂ© Ă  imaginer un futur probable radicalement diffĂ©rent du prĂ©sent. L'analyse des dessins du futur rĂȘvĂ©, quant Ă  elle, tĂ©moigne d'un imaginaire peu dĂ©veloppĂ©. La discussion met l'accent sur les outils pertinents pour une rĂ©elle prise en compte de la prĂ©occupation du futur pour que celle-ci permette une ouverture sur la pluralitĂ© des dimensions du futur.If imagining the future is a dominant skill in education for sustainable development, it is infrequently learned. Moreover, when the future is studied, it is often in a negative perspective. This paper describes how primary school pupils (from 8 to 10 years old) imagine the future of their territory in an interdisciplinary context based on landscape evolution studies and enriched by scientific research (Human-Environment Observatory). Pupils have to work with several temporal dimensions (past/present/future) about their local territory. They had to think about probable future and the future of their dreams and represent these futures of their environment. Drawings made by pupils for the dreamt future emphasize low imagination ability. Furthermore, pupils draw a probable future which is very close to the present. The discussion highlights how futures in school education could be considered to allow pupil’s thought in several dimensions of the future, i.e. to imagine possible futures

    Éduquer aux risques dĂšs l’école primaire: de la reprĂ©sentation Ă  la conscientisation

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    Le territoire de la vallĂ©e du Gave de Gavarnie a connu un Ă©pisode d’inondation/crue particuliĂšrement catastrophique en 2013, ayant entrainĂ© de forts dĂ©gĂąts matĂ©riels et des pertes humaines. Dans ce contexte, la culture du risque est un enjeu tant pour les acteurs de la gestion de ce territoire que pour les citoyens, d’autant plus que les risques prĂ©sents y sont multiples (avalanches, glissements de terrain et sĂ©ismes). Dans cette perspective, l’école peut jouer un rĂŽle dĂ©terminant Ă  travers la mise en place de projets d’éducations au(x) risque(s). Ce type d’éducation doit commencer par la perception et la conscience du (des) risque(s), rendues possibles par le vĂ©cu et/ou par la culture du groupe dans lequel l’élĂšve vit. Cette Ă©tude a pour objectif d’examiner les reprĂ©sentations et la perception du risque des Ă©lĂšves d’une Ă©cole Ă©lĂ©mentaire française situĂ©e sur une commune fortement impactĂ©e par cette crue, et l’évolution de ces reprĂ©sentations et cette perception un an aprĂšs la mise en Ɠuvre du projet Ă©ducatif. Les rĂ©sultats montrent une reprĂ©sentation plurielle du risque par les Ă©lĂšves avec des diffĂ©rences entre classes. La classe de CP-CE (enfants ĂągĂ©s de 6 Ă  8 ans) associe essentiellement le risque Ă  l’alĂ©a naturel (avalanche, inondation
) alors que les Ă©lĂšves en CM (enfants ĂągĂ©s de 9 Ă  10 ans) sont centrĂ©s sur ce qui pourrait leur arriver (accident, maladie
). Le risque inondation/crue est dans un premier temps trĂšs peu Ă©voquĂ© dans les reprĂ©sentations des Ă©lĂšves, mais lorsque les activitĂ©s pĂ©dagogiques permettent de contextualiser cette notion sur leur territoire, il est alors plus fortement perçu.In 2013, the Gave of Gavarnie valley has been suffering from a particularly catastrophic flood event, which resulted in severe material damages and loss of human life. In this context, the « risk culture » is an issue for both the actors involved in the management of this territory and for the citizens, especially since the hasards present are multiple (avalanches, landslides and earthquakes). From this perspective, the school can play a decisive role through the implementation of risk education projects. This type of education must begin with the perception and awareness of the risk(s), enabled by the experience and/or culture of the group in which the pupils live. This study aims to study the risk representations and perceptions of pupils, aged 6 to 11, in a french elementary school located in a town strongly impacted by this flood and the evolution of these representations and perceptions one year after the implementation of a risk(s) education project. The surveys results highlight a plural representation of risk by pupils with differences between classes. The pupils aged 6 to 9 associate mainly risk with natural hazard (avalanche, earthquakes ...) while pupils aged 9 to 11 see what might happen to them (accident, illness...). Furthermore, the flood risk is initially very rarely mentioned in representations, but when educational activities make it possible to contextualise this notion on their territory, it is then more strongly perceived and apprehended

    Edmond Michelet (1899-1970) et l’Église

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    Edmond Michelet fut un catholique convaincu tout au long de sa vie. Mais il fut aussi un chrĂ©tien conscient de sa responsabilitĂ© individuelle dans le monde. Cet ouvrage examine les domaines dans lesquels le meneur d’hommes, l’éducateur, le prisonnier, le ministre... a eu Ă  intervenir, en observant son rapport avec les hommes de foi et d’Église qui ont jalonnĂ© ses engagements, suscitĂ© son action et sa rĂ©flexion. On y retrouve le chrĂ©tien attachĂ© Ă  l’action caritative et sociale mais aussi le citoyen lucide face aux idĂ©ologies et l’homme politique rĂ©conciliateur, soucieux de faire advenir un monde plus fraternel aprĂšs les traumatismes des guerres

    Changements et transitions : enjeux pour les éducations à l'environnement et au développement durable (Actes du colloque)

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    International audienceLe colloque vise Ă  faire Ă©voluer les objectifs et les modalitĂ©s des Ă©ducations Ă  l’environnement et au dĂ©veloppement durable, par des rĂ©flexions critiques, en regard des changements environnementaux, sociaux, et des transitions en cours dans nos sociĂ©tĂ©s
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