NAC prevented the decrease of α1 subunit activity of Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase enzyme.

<p>Effect of early postnatal chronic GA, NAC and LPS administration on Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase total activity (A); on α1 subunit activity of Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase enzyme (B); and on α2/3 subunit activity of Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase enzyme (C), on the second day of Barnes maze.*P < 0.001 compared with saline traded group and ^#P< 0.001 compared with respective control group (Student–Newman–Keuls test). Data are presented as means ± S.E.M. for n = 7-9 in each group.</p

Effect of early postnatal chronic GA, NAC and LPS administration on NPSH content, GSH level, CAT and SOD activities.

<p>NAC prevented the decrease of antioxidant defenses induced by GA and LPS.*P < 0.001 compared with saline treated group and ^#P< 0.001 compared with respective control group (Duncan’s multiple comparisons test). Data are presented as means ± S.E.M. for n = 7 in each group.</p

NAC prevents the memory deficit induced by GA and LPS measured as escape latency of rat pups in the Barnes maze.

<p>*P < 0.05 compared with saline treated group, ^#P< 0.05 compared with respective control group and ^δP < 0.001 compared with GA-treated group (Duncan’s multiple comparisons test). Data are presented as means ± S.E.M. for n = 7-9 in each group. <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0078332#pone-0078332-g003" target="_blank">Figures 3B and 3C</a> show an amplification of the second day of test.</p

Effect of early postnatal chronic GA, NAC and LPS administration on hippocampal volume.

<p>Data represent means ± S.E.M. for n = 5-6 in each group. No significant differences between groups were detected.</p

Effect of early postnatal chronic GA, NAC and LPS administration on physical development of animals.

<p>Data are presented as means ± S.E.M. for n = 8–9 in each group. No significant differences between groups were detected.</p

Digitized images of dorsal hippocampus showing similarities in the volume of this region between the different experimental groups.

<p>Schematic drawing obtained from Paxinos and Watson's Atlas. </p

Effect of early postnatal chronic GA, NAC and LPS administration on TBARS content.

<p>NAC prevented the increase of TBARS content induced by GA and LPS. *P < 0.01 compared with saline treated group and ^#P< 0.05 compared with respective control group (Duncan’s multiple comparisons test). Data are presented as means ± S.E.M. for n = 7 in each group.</p

Effect of early postnatal chronic GA, NAC and LPS administration on cytokine levels on the second day of Barnes maze.

<p>NAC prevented the increase in TNF-α (A) and IL-1β (B) levels. *P < 0.001 compared with saline treated group, ^#P< 0.001 compared with the respective control group and ^δP < 0.05 compared with GA-treated group (Duncan’s multiple comparisons test). Data are presented as means ± S.E.M. for n = 6-7 in each group.</p