580 research outputs found
Social capital and entrepreneurial behaviour advancing innovativeness in interaction between small rural entrepreneurs and researchers: a phenomenographic study
Innovation processes between entrepreneurs and researchers are activated by interaction. Social capital increases the efficiency of action, for example, information dissemination by minimizing redundancy. To learn more about how to build and develop social capital assumes that we understand how entrepreneurs behave and what their expectations of interaction with researchers are. In this study we adopt a theoretical approach thet combines social capital and entrepreneurial behaviour. The firms in this study are located in the South-Savo region of Finland and operate in food production. As a result of interviews with 15 entrepreneurs a system of categories was compiled as the phenomenographic method assumes. It became obvious that the key dynamics of the cooperation between entrepreneurs and researchers is embedded in a common understanding of entrepreneurial behaviour and learning as well as a trust-building process. As a practical implication we could further suggest that researchers are expected to modify their behaviour to the specific features of entrepreneurial behaviour in order to pave the way to enhance innovativeness of rural entrepreneurs
HighâResolution Îœ1 Spectrum of Propyne: Application of a MicrocomputerâControlled InfraredâAcoustic Color Center Laser Spectrometer
Development of a microcomputerâcontrolled infraredâacoustic color center laserspectrometer capable of scanning in 100 cmâ1 sections over the wavelength range 2.2â3.3 ÎŒm with a resolution of 0.01 cmâ1 (300 MHz) is reported. Application of the spectrometer to investigation of the Îœ1spectrum of propyne is demonstrated
Regional Calibration Centers for Dobson and Brewer in Europe : a joint venture for highest quality in monitoring the ozone layer
PĂłster presentado en: Quadrennial Ozone Symposium 2012 celebrado del 27 al 31 de agosto de 2012 en Toronto, Canad
VÀljennyshakkuun vaikutukset mÀnnyn taimien syntyyn ja alkukehitykseen Pohjois-Suomessa
VÀljennyshakkuun alkuperÀinen tarkoitus on lisÀtÀ luontaisen uudistamisen edellytyksiÀ. Noin kymmenen vuotta vÀljennyshakkuun jÀlkeen tehdÀÀn varsinainen siemenpuuhakkuu. VÀljennyshakkuu metsÀnhoidon menetelmÀnÀ on tunnettu jo pitkÀÀn, mutta se ei ole vakiintunut kÀytÀntöön. VÀljennyshakkuuta suositellaan metsÀnhoito-ohjeissa ja suosituksissa vaikka tutkimustietoa on vielÀ vÀhÀn.
Tutkimuksen tarkoitus on selvittÀÀ eri tekijöiden vaikutusta taimettumiseen mĂ€nnyn luontaisessa uudistamisessa. Tutkimuksen pÀÀtarkoitus on selvittÀÀ erilaisten vĂ€ljennyshakkuutiheyksien vaikutusta taimien lukumÀÀrÀÀn ja pituuteen. Maanmuokkaus ei perinteisesti kuulu vĂ€ljennyshakkuulla uudistettavan mĂ€nnikön uudistamisketjuun, mutta se otetaan tarkasteluun, koska maanmuokkauksen on todettu parantavan taimettumista luontaisen uudistamisen aloilla. ĂestyksellĂ€ pystytÀÀn tekemÀÀn maanmuokkaus tiheĂ€nkin siemenpuuston alle vaurioittamatta merkittĂ€vĂ€sti siemenpuiden juuristoa (esim. Norokorpi 1983), joten maanmuokkauksen vaikutusta vĂ€ljennyshakkuun yhteydessĂ€ on perusteltua selvittÀÀ. LisĂ€ksi työssĂ€ selvitetÀÀn pintakasvillisuuden vaikutusta mĂ€nnyn taimettumiseen.
Aineisto on kerĂ€tty Luonnonvarakeskuksen koemetsiköistĂ€, jotka sijaitsevat Lapissa ja Kainuussa. KoemetsiköissĂ€ sijaitsevat koealat on hakattu tiheyksiin 50, 150 ja 250 r ha-1 vuosina 2004 â 2008, joiden lisĂ€ksi koemetsiköissĂ€ on vĂ€ljentĂ€mĂ€ttömĂ€t koealat. Ăestyksen vaikutuksen selvittĂ€mistĂ€ varten on tiheyksiin 50 ja 150 r ha-1 vĂ€ljennetyt ja Ă€estetyt koealat. Aineistoa on seitsemĂ€n vuoden tarkastelujakson ajalta. Tutkimuksessa tehtiin aineiston pohjalta yhteensĂ€ neljĂ€ lineaarista sekamallia mĂ€nnyn taimien lukumÀÀrĂ€lle ja pituudelle. Sekamalleilla saatiin otettua huomioon aineiston hierarkkinen rakenne.
Siemenpuuston tiheyden ollessa 50 kpl ha-1 taimia syntyi tarkastelujakson aikana hieman enemmÀn kuin vÀljentÀmÀttömiin koealoihin. Taimien mÀÀrÀ oli kuitenkin vÀhÀinen ajatellen menestyksekkÀÀn uudistamisen edellytyksiÀ. Tiheys 50 r ha-1 oli paras taimien pituuskehityksen kannalta. Tulosten mukaan maanmuokkaus lisÀsi merkittÀvÀsti taimien lukumÀÀrÀÀ, mutta pituuteen se ei vaikuttanut. VÀljennyshakkuuta ei nÀiden tulosten perusteella kannattaisi tehdÀ ilman maanmuokkausta. Mallien mukaan kasvillisuudella oli usein negatiivinen vaikutus taimien lukumÀÀrÀÀn ja myös hakkuutÀhteet vaikuttivat taimimÀÀrÀÀ vÀhentÀvÀsti. Syntypaikka vaikutti taimien pituuteen, mutta ei lukumÀÀrÀÀn. KivennÀismaan ja humuksen raja oli edullisin syntypaikka taimien pituuden kannalta.The idea of preparatory cutting is to improve possibilities for natural regeneration. Seed tree cutting is done usually about ten years after preparatory cutting. Preparatory cuttings as a forestry practice method has been known already for a long, but it is not yet commonly used in Finnish forestry. Preparatory cuttings is a recommended method in Finnish forestry guidelines even it is not well studied.
The aim of study is to find out effects of different factors for the establishment of pine seedlings in natural regeneration. The main aim is to find out effects of stem density to the number and the height of seedlings. In old forestry literature site preparation does not include to forestry practices when preparatory cutting is a main method. In this study site preparation is examined, because it is known to increase the amount of seedlings when seed tree method is used. Site preparation can be done also under quite dense seed tree cover without essentially damaging trees staying on stand (e.g. Norokorpi 1983). Effects of ground and field layer vegetation are also examined.
Data was recorded on study sites of Natural resources institute of Finland. Study sites locate in Northern Finland and eastern part of middle Finland. Experimental plots were thinned to densities of 50, 150 and 250 stems per hectare in 2004 â2008 and each site had also non-thinned control plots. To study effects of site preparation each study site had also plots that were thinned to densities 50 and 150 stems per hectare and prepared. Data is measured during seven years. To statistically test the effects of stem densities and site preparation on the number and height of seedlings four linear mixed effect models were constructed.
More seedlings were recorded on stands thinned to density 50 stems per hectare than on non-thinned stands. However, the amount of seedlings in all stem densities was inadequate for successful regeneration. Density of 50 stems per hectare was best for height growth of seedlings. Site preparation increased significantly the amount of seedlings, but it didnât have statistically significant effect on the height of seedlings. According to the results of the present study preparatory cutting without site preparation does not increase the amount of seedlings to the level required. Statistical models showed that vegetation had often a negative impact to number of seedlings. Logging waste had also a negative impact to the number of seedlings. Spot of germination had statistically significant effect to height of seedlings, but not to number of seedlings. The border zone between the exposed mineral soil and humus was the most favourable spot for the height growth of seedlings
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