CEAf – Centre d’études africaines

Nora Bouaouina, doctoranteLenita Perrier, Ulrike Zander, docteurs Réflexion croisée sur les constructions et les représentations identitaires. Séminaire DoCeaf Nous avons créé ce séminaire dans l’objectif d’explorer les enjeux liés aux constructions et aux représentations identitaires, dans un monde globalisé où les diverses filières migratoires et d’autres modes de mobilités ont fait naître de nouveaux brassages culturels et des enjeux géopolitiques. Pendant cette première année, nous avons ..

CEAf – Centre d’études africaines

Jean-Paul Colleyn, directeurs d’étudesJean-Pierre Dozon, directeurs d’étudesMarie Miran-Guyon, maîtresse de conférencesFabienne Samson Ndaw, chargées de recherche à l’IRDKadya Tall, chargées de recherche à l’IRDPatrice Yengo, maître-assistant à l’Université Marien Ngouabi de Brazzaville Anthropologie politique des religiosités contemporaines Le séminaire, animé par l’équipe Anthropologie politique des mouvements religieux contemporains s’est engagé cette année sur une nouvelle piste de réflex..

Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles (MISEV2023): From basic to advanced approaches

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), through their complex cargo, can reflect the state of their cell of origin and change the functions and phenotypes of other cells. These features indicate strong biomarker and therapeutic potential and have generated broad interest, as evidenced by the steady year-on-year increase in the numbers of scientific publications about EVs. Important advances have been made in EV metrology and in understanding and applying EV biology. However, hurdles remain to realising the potential of EVs in domains ranging from basic biology to clinical applications due to challenges in EV nomenclature, separation from non-vesicular extracellular particles, characterisation and functional studies. To address the challenges and opportunities in this rapidly evolving field, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) updates its 'Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles', which was first published in 2014 and then in 2018 as MISEV2014 and MISEV2018, respectively. The goal of the current document, MISEV2023, is to provide researchers with an updated snapshot of available approaches and their advantages and limitations for production, separation and characterisation of EVs from multiple sources, including cell culture, body fluids and solid tissues. In addition to presenting the latest state of the art in basic principles of EV research, this document also covers advanced techniques and approaches that are currently expanding the boundaries of the field. MISEV2023 also includes new sections on EV release and uptake and a brief discussion of in vivo approaches to study EVs. Compiling feedback from ISEV expert task forces and more than 1000 researchers, this document conveys the current state of EV research to facilitate robust scientific discoveries and move the field forward even more rapidly

Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles (MISEV2023): From basic to advanced approaches

© 2024 The Authors. Journal of Extracellular Vesicles, published by Wiley Periodicals, LLC on behalf of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY), https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Extracellular vesicles (EVs), through their complex cargo, can reflect the state of their cell of origin and change the functions and phenotypes of other cells. These features indicate strong biomarker and therapeutic potential and have generated broad interest, as evidenced by the steady year-on-year increase in the numbers of scientific publications about EVs. Important advances have been made in EV metrology and in understanding and applying EV biology. However, hurdles remain to realising the potential of EVs in domains ranging from basic biology to clinical applications due to challenges in EV nomenclature, separation from non-vesicular extracellular particles, characterisation and functional studies. To address the challenges and opportunities in this rapidly evolving field, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) updates its 'Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles', which was first published in 2014 and then in 2018 as MISEV2014 and MISEV2018, respectively. The goal of the current document, MISEV2023, is to provide researchers with an updated snapshot of available approaches and their advantages and limitations for production, separation and characterisation of EVs from multiple sources, including cell culture, body fluids and solid tissues. In addition to presenting the latest state of the art in basic principles of EV research, this document also covers advanced techniques and approaches that are currently expanding the boundaries of the field. MISEV2023 also includes new sections on EV release and uptake and a brief discussion of in vivo approaches to study EVs. Compiling feedback from ISEV expert task forces and more than 1000 researchers, this document conveys the current state of EV research to facilitate robust scientific discoveries and move the field forward even more rapidly.Peer reviewe

Les hiérarchies sociales et leurs fondements idéologiques chez les Haalpulaar'en (Sénégal)

This work is based on a year and a half of field research conducted in the middle valley of Senegal. It attempts to describe how a Haalpulaar conceives the social category to which he belongs, and what notions he uses to distinguish it from others. The first part describes the categories of Rima nobles: Fulani, fishermen, political advisors, warriors and religious. The first part describes the categories of Rieme nobles: Fulani, fishermen, political advisors, warriors and clerics. The Fulani and fishermen work in different parts of the valley and have different knowledge. The accumulation of this knowledge is experienced as anti-social and dangerous. The problem is then that of complementarity. The Fulani leaders have secured the services of two other categories. One is closely related to them (the political advisors); it has scrupulously watched over the safeguarding of its own interests. The other, made up of foreigners, assumes the role of warriors with total dedication. It is here the question of the dependence which is posed. As for the fifth group of nobles, the religious, they come from all the other categories of the society. The second part, devoted to the nyeenybe craftsmen and lauders, examines the traditions of each of these groups. It reveals important differences, particularly in matrimonial practices. The goldsmiths, who belong to a Fulani lineage, see the "red shoemakers", also of Fulani origin, as the only group likely to make them renounce endogamy, whereas the non-Fulani artisans claim equality between the various Nyeenybe and affirm that they take wives from any group of artisans. Finally, a hypothesis is presented concerning the historical evolution of the institution of artisanal castes in Haalpulaar society, based on historical and genealogical data.Ce travail repose sur une recherche de terrain d'un an et demie, menée dans la moyenne vallée du Sénégal. Il s'attache à décrire comment un Haalpulaar conçoit la catégorie sociale à laquelle il appartient, à quelles notions il a recours pour se distinguer des autres. La première partie décrit les catégories de nobles rimbe: peuls, pécheurs, conseillers politiques, guerriers et religieux. Les peuls et les pécheurs exploitent des parties différentes de la vallée et détiennent des connaissances distinctes. Le cumul de ces connaissances est vécu antisocial et dangereux. Le problème posé est alors celui de la complémentarité. Les chefs peuls se sont garantis les services de deux autres catégories. L'une leur est étroitement apparentée (les conseillers politiques); elle a scrupuleusement veille à la sauvegarde de ses intérêts propres. L'autre, constituée d'étrangers, assume le rôle de guerriers dans un total dévouement. C'est ici la question de la dépendance qui est posée. Quant au cinquième groupe de nobles, les religieux, ils sont issus de toutes les autres catégories de la société. La seconde partie, consacrée aux artisans et laudateurs nyee4nybe, examine les traditions propres à chacun de ces groupes. Elle révèle des différences importantes, notamment dans les pratiques matrimoniales. Les orfèvres, qui se rattachent a un lignage peul, voient dans les "cordonniers rouges" eux aussi d'origine peul, le seul groupe susceptible de les faire renoncer à l'endogamie, alors que les artisans non-peuls revendiquent une égalité entre les divers nyeenybe et affirment prendre des épouses dans tout groupe d'artisans. Enfin, une hypothèse est présentée concernant l'évolution historique de l'institution des castes artisanales dans la société haalpulaar, sur la base de données historiques et généalogiques

Conrad, David C. & Frank, Barbara E., eds. - Status and Identity in West Africa, Nyamakalaw of Mande

Kyburz Olivier. Conrad, David C. & Frank, Barbara E., eds. - Status and Identity in West Africa, Nyamakalaw of Mande. In: Cahiers d'études africaines, vol. 36, n°144, 1996. pp. 830-831

Michael A. Gomez. - Pragmatism in the Age of Jihad : the Precolonial State of Bundu

Kyburz Olivier. Michael A. Gomez. - Pragmatism in the Age of Jihad : the Precolonial State of Bundu. In: Cahiers d'études africaines, vol. 34, n°133-135, 1994. L'archipel peul. pp. 507-508

Boulègue Jean, Le Grand Jolof

Kyburz Olivier. Boulègue Jean, Le Grand Jolof. In: Journal des africanistes, 1988, tome 58, fascicule 1. pp. 145-146

La littérature peule dans la collection « Classiques africains »

O. Kyburz — Fulani Literature among the "Classiques africains". This presentation of the 30 years of editorial activity performed by the association "Classiques africains" describes the works devoted to Fulani literature. Gathered in Guinea, Senegal, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger and Cameroon, these texts belong to vari-ous literary genres: religious poetry, nonreligious literature, epics and pastoral poetry.Kyburz Olivier. La littérature peule dans la collection « Classiques africains ». In: Cahiers d'études africaines, vol. 34, n°133-135, 1994. L'archipel peul. pp. 483-488

La fabrication de la foulanité

The emergence of artisan « castes » among the Halpulaar (Toucouleur) is governed more by a process of internal differentiation than by one of functional specialization. This is demonstrated through a rereading of historical sources and a critical assessement of works dealing with this subject from the beginning of the colonial period onward.Le développement des « castes » artisanales de la société Haalpulaar (Toucouleur) obéit à un processus de différenciation interne à la société qui relève de la distinction bien plus que de la spécialisation fonctionnelle. C'est ce que cet article entreprend d'établir à partir de la relecture des sources historiques et de l'examen critique des auteurs qui ont abordé le sujet depuis le début de la période coloniale.Kyburz Olivier. La fabrication de la foulanité. In: Journal des africanistes, 1997, tome 67, fascicule 2. pp. 101-126