Workshop for annual review of Building Resilient Agro-sylvopastoral Systems in West Africa through Participatory Action Research (BRAS-PAR) Project and planning “Partnerships for Scaling Climate-Smart Agriculture (P4S) Phase II

Building Resilient Agro-sylvo-pastoral Systems in West Africa through Participatory Action Research (BRAS-PAR) is a CCAFS Flagship 2 funded four year (2015-2018) project coordinated by the World Agroforestry (ICRAF) and implemented in collaboration with partners namely national agricultural research institutions (INERA in Burkina Faso, SARI in Ghana, INRAN in Niger and ISRA in Senegal) and the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN in Burkina Faso). BRAS-PAR sought to develop up-scalable technological and social innovations of climatesmart agriculture integrating tree-crop-livestock systems through improved understanding of farmer's perceptions and demands, by addressing barriers to adoption taking into consideration gender and social differentiation. The specific objectives include 1) testing, evaluating and validating with rural communities and other stakeholders, scalable climate-smart models of integrated tree-crop-livestock systems, the dominant farming systems in the region, that include climate-risk management strategies; 2) simulating options for improving water and tree-crop-livestock systems under different climate and socio-economic scenarios using models (WaNuLCAS, SWAT, etc.) for informed decision making; 3) assessing the conditions of success and failure of technological interventions on adaptation to climate change. The work here focus on research that evaluates climate-smart practices and technologies that are defined through participatory identification by multistakeholders in each site. Beyond these sites, the approach capitalizes lessons learnt from on-going climate resilient projects to encourage partners to add missing components to the climate-smart village model or initiate new activities when deemed appropriate. Started in 2015, BRAS-PAR targeted three main outcomes: (i) National agricultural research institutions institutionalize the principles of PAR through integration of non-traditional partners in technologies development to generate wider context specific information to be fed into programs and policies to create the enabling environment for the scaling of CSA technologies; (ii) National extension services, development projects and farmer’s organizations widely disseminate and ensure better access to information on best fit CSA portfolios to cope with climate change; and (iii) The private sector including NGOs (FNGN, Larwaal, ARCAD, Care international), microcredit institutions, agro-dealers, rural radios are scaling up/out relevant CSA portfolios through new incentive programs. This project has ended in December 2018 and the meeting review edthe main achievements. During the same first phase of CCAFS , the project “Partnerships for Scaling (P4S) Climate-Smart Agriculture (P56)” was implemented mainly in East Africa with a focus on supporting countries and partners to plan and program CSA actions. It developed new innovations (e.g., The Compendium and Climate Risk Profiles), refreshed and adapted others (e.g., Climate Wizard, mobile-based monitoring) and collaborated on tools (e.g., Rural Household Multi-Indicator Survey, CSA MRV Profile) to develop a comprehensive set of evidence and information to serve diverse stakeholder needs for situation analysis, targeting and prioritizing, program support and monitoring and evaluation (aka ‘CSA-Plan’, Girvetz et al. 2018). Merging the actions of BRAS-PAR and P4S I to become P4S II was done with the intention to use tools and evidence/lessons learned from the Climate-Smart Villages and other development activities, with existing and new partners through direct scientific support to decision makers (e.g., governments, civil society, and researchers) and capacity building to help bring CSA to scale. The scientific activities will be combined with dedicated communication activities such as photo essays, tweets, blog posts, etc. from field staff and partners to raise the visibility of the project and help show case of its successes in supporting countries and position of ICRAF, CIAT, and CCAFS as the go to research organization for the science of scaling up CSA. The key activity areas of P4S II will be around: supporting CSA investment and programming, de-risking agriculture, digital delivery and monitoring and, communauty based scaling of CSA. The present meeting was thought to plan the new activities around these areas for 2019 and beyond

Rapport de l’atelier de revue des activités menées en 2018 et de planification de 2019 Capacitating Stakeholders in Using Climate Information for Enhanced Resilience in the Agricultural Sector in West Africa (CaSCIERA-TA)

CaSCIERA-TA est un projet de « Renforcement des capacités des parties prenantes à l'utilisation de l'information climatique pour l’amélioration de la résilience dans le secteur agricole en Afrique de l'Ouest" de 2 ans financé par le CORAF et les parties nationales du Programme de Productivité Agricole en Afrique de l’Ouest (PPAAO) des pays bénéficiaires. Il vise à améliorer la résilience du système agricole (cultures, élevage et arbres), la sécurité alimentaire et la nutrition face aux chocs climatiques saisonniers, depuis l’échelle champ jusqu’au niveau national. Il vise spécifiquement à fournir des services d'information agro-hydro-climatiques pertinents et précis aux principales parties prenantes. Sept axes d’activités (workpackages- WP) ont été définis dans le projet dont le renforcement des capacités des acteurs clés pour générer et utiliser les informations climatiques (WP1), la production des informations agro-hydro-climatiques (WP2), la diffusion des informations agro-hydro-climatiques (WP3); les essais participatifs au champ et la validation des outils et méthodes (WP4); la mise à l’échelle des innovations réussies (WP5); le suivi et l'évaluation (WP6) et la gestion globale du projet (WP7). Coordonné par le World Agroforestry (ICRAF), le projet est mis en oeuvre au Benin, en Guinée, au Niger et au Togo par un consortium d’institutions nationales et internationales incluant le programme de recherche du CGIAR sur le Changement Climatique, l'Agriculture et la Sécurité Alimentaire (CCAFS), le Centre Régional de Formation et d’Information en Agro météorologie et Hydrologie Opérationnelle (AGHRYMET), l'Académie des Sciences de Californie (CAS), l’Institut National des Recherches Agricoles du Bénin (INRAB), l’Institut de Recherche Agronomique de Guinée (IRAG), l’Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique du Niger (INRAN) et l'Institut Togolais de Recherche Agronomique (ITRA). Après une année de mise en oeuvre des activités définies, les rapports produits ont été soumis au CORAF qui a financé le projet. Ainsi, pour permettre aux partenaires du projet de discuter des activités réalisées en 2018, les leçons apprises et et les activités planifiées pour l’année 2019, un atelier a été organisé à l’ICRAF, Bamako, au Mali du 4 au 5 mars 2019. Au total, 21 participants venant des services météorologiques, des instituts nationaux de recherche et des représentations WAAPP du Benin, de la Guinée et du Niger, ainsi que des représentants du CORAF, du CCAFS, de l’AGRHYMET et de l’ICRAF ont pris part à l’atelier. L’équipe du Togo était absente à cette première rencontre de l’année 2019

Clonal Propagation of Khaya senegalensis

Khaya senegalensis is a multipurpose African timber species. The development of clonal propagation could improve plantation establishment, which is currently impeded by mahogany shoot borer. To examine its potential for clonal propagation, the effects of cutting length, leaf area, stockplant maturation, auxin, and smoke solution treatments were investigated. Leafy cuttings rooted well (up to 80%) compared to leafless cuttings (0%). Cuttings taken from seedlings rooted well (at least 95%), but cuttings obtained from older trees rooted poorly (5% maximum). The rooting ability of cuttings collected from older trees was improved (16% maximum) by pollarding. Auxin application enhanced root length and the number of roots while smoke solution did not improve cuttings' rooting ability. These results indicate that juvenile K. senegalensis is amenable to clonal propagation, but further work is required to improve the rooting of cuttings from mature trees

Guide methodologique: Méthode communautaire participative d’inventaire et de priorisation des technologies / pratiques d’agriculture élevage-agroforesterie climato-intelligentes

Ce guide traite des questions d’identification des interventions prioritaires pour les communautés dans le contexte du changement climatique. Il s’agit d’une approche participative d’inventaire et de priorisation des technologies / pratiques d’agriculture-élevage-agroforesterie et sociales climato-intelligentes. Le guide fournit aux agents de terrain un accompagnement et́ape par et́ape pour travailler avec les acteurs clédans les sites cibles, pour identifier les pratiques prometteuses qui aideraient ces derniers às’adapter aux variabilités climatiques dans leurs activités de production. Le guide a étéproduit dans le cadre d’un projet “Building resilient agro-sylvopastoral systems in West Africa through participatory action research” (BRASPAR)” qui est l’un des projets de la Composante 2 financée par le programme de recherche du CGIAR sur les Changements Climatiques, l’Agriculture etla Seć urité Alimentaire (CCAFS). La composante 2 du CCAFS, quitraite des pratiques ettechnologies climato-intelligentes, s’attaque aux défis de comment passer àune agriculture climato-intelligente (ACI) àplus grande échelle pour permettre aux system̀ es agricoles d’et̂re transformeś et reó rienteś pour soutenir la seć uritéalimentaire dans le contexte actuel de changement climatique. Pilotépar l’ICRAFWCA/Sahel, le projet BRAS- PAR est mis en œuvre au Burkina Faso, Ghana, Niger et Seń eǵ al par un consortium d’institutions nationales de recherche (INERA, SARI, INRAN et ISRA), IUCN et ILRI

Methodological guide: Community participatory inventory and prioritization of climate-smart crop-livestock agroforestry technologies / practices

This guide addresses the issue of identifying priority interventions for communities in the face of climate change. The manual is about participatory approach of inventorizing and prioritizing climate-smart crop-livestock-agroforestry and social technologies / practices. The guide provides a step by step guidance on how project/extension workers can work with communities and other development stakeholders in the target sites to identify practices that can help local communities to better adapt to climate variability in production. The guide was developed within the framework of a project “Building resilient agro-sylvo-pastoral systems in West Africa through participatory action research” (BRAS-PAR)” which is one ofthe flagship 2 projects funded by the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS). The flagship 2 of CCAFS, which is about climate-smart technologies and practices, addresses the challenge of how to transition to a climate-smart agriculture (CSA) at a large scale for enabling agricultural systems to be transformed and reoriented to support food security under the new realities of climate change. Led by ICRAF-WCA/Sahel, the BRAS-PAR project is being implemented by a consortium of National research institutes in Burkina Faso, Ghana, Niger and Senegal, IUCN, and ILRI

Mise en place d’un Village Intelligent face au Climat pour la réduction des risques climatiques et de l’insécurité alimentaire à Daga-Birame, Sénégal. Guide de visite de terrain pour la Réunion du Comité Scientifique Indépendant du CCAFS

À Daga Birame, au Sénégal, CCAFS et ses partenaires ont mis en place un village climato-intelligent (CSV) dans lequel plusieurs activités sont menées. Sur la base de la vision du village et de son avenir, un ensemble d'actions ont été identifiées par la communauté afin d'atteindre les changements souhaités dans la productivité agricole et la sécurité alimentaire tels que les activités génératrices de revenus, l'amélioration de la résilience et la gestion durable des ressources naturelles du village. Ces actions ont été structurées autour de quatre composantes: Les services d'information climatologique (SIC); le développement des technologies / pratiques agricoles adaptées au climat; le renforcement de capacités des villageois et celle des connaissances et des institutions locales

Case study of Daga-Birame CSV for CCAFS ISP11/6.1.2 – Senegal

Senegal, with 196,712 km2 land area, is located at the extreme west of the African continent (Longitudes 11°21W - 17°32N and Latitudes 12°8N - 16°41N). The country’s soils are in general of low fertility, fragile and very susceptible to wind and water erosion. The climate is of Sudano-Sahelian type characterized by alternating dry season (November to May) and rainy season (June to October). The 700 km coastline brings climatic differences between coastal areas and inland zones. Rainfall amount follows a latitudinal variation going from 300 mm in the north semi-desertic areas to 1200 mm in the south. Senegal is divided into 7 agro-ecological zones for management perspectives: River Valley, Niayes, Groundnut Basin (North and South), Silvo-Pastoral zone, Eastern Senegal and Upper Casamance, Lower Casamance (CIAT-BFS/USAID, 2016). The country’s economy is mainly driven by crop and livestock production contributing 17% of the GDP and employing about 70% of the population (NAPA, Republic of Senegal 2006). Like other sub-Saharan African countries, Senegal faces food insecurity as a consequence of climate variability and change combined with other global changes (Zougmoré et al., 2015)

Clonal propagation of Detarium microcarpum and Khaya senegalensis

The slow growth of seedlings and the impact of insect pests are major limitations to the use of indigenous species in plantations in Burkina Faso. Thus, the use of vegetative propagules and resistant clones may enhance the success of plantations. The objectives of this thesis were to develop efficient and simple clonal propagation methods for two indigenous species, Detarium microcarpum and Khaya senegalensis, and to compare the growth of sexual and asexual propagules. Two clonal propagation methods were developed: root cuttings for D. microcarpum and stem cuttings for K. senegalensis. Root segment length and diameter were key factors that affect sprouting and rooting ability. Root segments of 20 cm length and 15-60 mm diameter were the most successful. Stockplant and auxin application influenced root formation by leafy stem cuttings of K. senegalensis. High proportions of cuttings taken from seedling have rooted, while cuttings obtained from older trees rooted poorly, highlighting maturation as critical factor. The rooting ability of cuttings from older trees was improved by pollarding and auxin application. Comparison of sexual and asexual plantlets of D. microcarpum revealed that root suckers and seedling sprouts had a closer morphological resemblance. The well-established root system and the high carbohydrate concentrations in the roots of seedling sprouts may favor a growth comparable to that of root suckers. Seedlings and stecklings of K. senegalensis had similar growth patterns with respect to: the relative growth rates of stem length, leaf, stem, root and the total plant biomass; the biomass fraction to total plant biomass of leaf, stem and root; leaf area productivity; foliar carbon isotope ratio; and carbohydrate concentrations in roots. However, water stress was a major growth-limiting factor, resulting in a reduction in plant growth, biomass production, and carbohydrate concentration. As these studies constitute a first step toward the effective use of clonal propagules of D. microcarpum and K. senegalensis to ensure successful plantation, more investigations examining the effects of donors, the application of plant growth regulators are required in order to optimize the techniques

Review of pasture and fodder production and productivity for small ruminants in the Sahel

Due to copyright restrictions, this item cannot be sharedThe focus of this review is on feed scarcity, prompting a series of studies on woody fodder species used in sheep feeding. Despite the human pressure on land and climate change, restoration experiences of rangelands (direct sowing, water harvesting techniques, livestock density control, etc.) proved to be successful, both environmentally and economically. Smallholder households increase their use of trees in agricultural landscapes to improve food security, nutrition, income, health, shelter, social cohesion, energy resources and environmental sustainability