Insektisida Rumah Tangga dan Keberadaan Larva Aedes aegypti di Jakarta Selatan

There are many research about household insecticides, however research about the effect of household insecticide active ingredients to the presence of larvae has never been optimized yet. There are some people in Indonesia who think that to avoid mosquito bites simply can be done by only using insecticides. Some types of insecticides has been used since long time ago to control mosquitoes in households, but until now, research about mosquitoes control by insecticides is limited to adult mosquitoes only. Research about the effect of household insecticide active ingredients to the presence of larvae has never been done. Therefore, this study aims to determine the relationship between the various content of the insecticide to the presence of larvae in South Jakarta as densely populated area. 300 household were used as samples, data about the use of insecticide, insecticide’s active ingredients and the presence of larvae were collected and observed. Data was analyzed using chi-square analysis. The results showed that there is a wide variety of household insecticide used by samples. Most of the samples use insecticides with pyrethroid as it active ingredients. From the chi-square analysis, we concluded that there is no relationship between the various household insecticides to the presence or the absence of Aedes aegypti larvae in South Jakarta

PENGGUNAAN INSEKTISIDA RUMAH TANGGA ANTINYAMUK DI DESA PANGANDARAN, KABUPATEN PANGANDARAN

There are many kinds of house insecticide used as antimosquito insecticide. An unsafe application of it might affect our health. Pangandaran Village is a malaria and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) in the district of Pangandaran, West Java. The aim of this study is to describe the use of house insecticide by many households in Pangandaran village. An exploratory study with cross-sectional design is conducted for four months starting from April 2014. Several interviews were randomly assigned to 201 households to discover the use of house antimosquito insecticide. Sample collecting method is done using multiple random sampling over each subvillage. The numbers of household interviewed are determined by the proportion number of household in each neighborhood unit (RT). There are 82% households using antimosquito for more than ten years (59%) and using repellent daily (19.4%). Comfort is the main reason why most households use antimosquitos (46%). Households use insecticides one time at night (79.6%) and spend less than IDR 5,000 to buy insecticide. This study provides supporting information for local stakeholders over the use of house insecticide that can be benefitted as a reference for developing policy on vector control disease

Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Praktik Keamanan dalam Penggunaan Insektisida Rumah Tangga di Kecamatan Pangandaran

Abstract. The unsafe and improper use of household insecticides represents a major hazard to the environment and human health. Most of people in Pangandaran Sub-District used household insecticides, even more than ten years. The aim of this study was to analyse factors that affect in safety practices of using household insecticide. The research was conducted from April to July 2014 in Pangandaran sub-district. A total of 374 household participated in this study through interviews. Data collected includes characteristics of respondents, educational status, knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding safe insecticide usage. Chi-square test (χ2) was used to measure the possible association between variables and continued with logistic regression. The majority of respondents were lack of safety practices of using household insecticide (60%). The levels of education (p=0.00) and knowledge (p=0.03) was associated with safe practices in insecticide use. However, according to logistic regression that education level had more influence towards safe insecticide use. Therefore, it is necessary to increase community knowledge through field demonstrations by health workers about the use of household insecticides safely and properly.  Keywords: household insecticide, practice, safety, Pangandaran   Abstrak. Penggunaan insektisida rumah tangga yang tidak aman dan tidak tepat dapat membahayakan lingkungan dan kesehatan manusia. Sebagian besar masyarakat di Kecamatan Pangandaran menggunakan insektisida rumah tangga, bahkan lebih dari sepuluh tahun. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi praktik menjaga keamanan dalam penggunaan insektisida rumah tangga. Penelitian ini dilakukan dari bulan April hingga Juli 2014 di Kecamatan Pangandaran. Sebanyak 374 rumah tangga berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini melalui wawancara. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi karakteristik responden, status pendidikan, pengetahuan, sikap dan praktik mengenai penggunaan insektisida yang aman. Uji Chi-square (χ2) digunakan untuk menganalisis hubungan antar variabel dan dilanjutkan dengan regresi logistik. Mayoritas responden mempunyai praktik yang kurang aman dalam menggunakan insektisida rumah tangga (60%). Tingkat pendidikan (p = 0,00) dan pengetahuan (p = 0,03) berhubungan dengan praktik menjaga keamanan ketika menggunakan insektisida rumah tangga. Namun, hasil dari regresi logistik menunjukkan tingkat pendidikan lebih berpengaruh terhadap penggunaan insektisida yang aman. Oleh karena itu, perlu untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat melalui demonstrasi lapangan oleh petugas kesehatan tentang penggunaan insektisida rumah tangga secara aman dan tepat.  Kata Kunci: insektisida rumah tangga,  praktik, aman, Pangandara

The construction of matematical model for the mechanism of protein synthesis involving mTORC1 from the AMPK pathway

This study discusses the construction of mathematical models for the mechanism of protein synthesis involving the main regulator mTORC1 gene which is described in the singular pathway mTOR of the AMPK pathway. The genes in question include: AMPK, TSC2, Rheb, mTORC1 and S6K. The method used for this research is divided into two stages, namely pathway analysis for the mechanism of protein synthesis and the second is the formulation of mathematical models. Pathway analysis is performed as a reference in describing interactions in the form of kinetic reaction schemes. After the interaction scheme is created, it is then formulated into a mathematical model with the independent variable being time. Mathematical models for the mechanism of protein synthesis involving mTORC1 of the AMPK pathway in the form of ordinary time-dependent differential equations involving independent variables [TSC2], [pAMPK], [pTSC2], [Rheb^{GTP}], [Rheb^{GDP}], [mTORC1], [Raptor], [aRaptor], [Deptor], [PRAS40], [mTOR], [amTORC1], [mLST8], [S6K1] and [pS6K1]

Risk Factor Profile and Quality of Life of Psoriasis Vulgaris

Background: Psoriasis is an autoimmune human skin disease. It is a chronic and recurrent lesion characterized by erythema patches with well-defined borders with rough, multi-layered, and transparent scales with a significant negative impact on patients' quality of life. Several risk factors for psoriasis can decrease patient’ quality of life. Purpose: To determine the risk factor profile and quality of life of psoriasis patients at the dermatology and venereology outpatient clinic at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital Surabaya.  Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving new and control psoriasis patients. Their risk factors were evaluated using questionnaires, and their quality of life was measured using the DLQI questionnaires. The data was collected at the Dermatology and Venereology outpatient unit Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital Surabaya. Result: Of the 24 patients, the biggest risk factor for psoriasis patients was trauma/ Koebner phenomenon, as reported in 15 patients (62.5%), and 11 patients’ (45.8%) quality of life was affected. Conclusion: Trauma was the largest risk factor for psoriasis, and psoriasis has significantly affected patient’ quality of life

EFEKTIVITAS PENAMBAHAN KARPET TERHADAP PENURUNAN INTENSITAS KEBISINGAN PADA MESIN PENGGILING TEPUNG DI DESA BRUMBUNG KECAMATAN MRANGGEN KABUPATEN DEMAK

Kebisingan merupakan suara yang tidak dikehendaki yang bisa menyebabkan gangguan kesehatan khususnya kesehatan telinga. Intensitas kebisingan mesin penggiling tepung sebelum perlakuan di Desa Brumbung Kecamatan Mranggen Kabupaten Demak telah melebihi Nilai Ambang Batas (NAB) yang ditetapkan di Indonesia yaitu sebesar 113,68 dB. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektivitas penambahan karpet terhadap penurunan intensitas kebisingan mesin penggiling tepung. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian eksperimental semu. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah desain penelitian waktu (time series design). Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan Sound Level Meter dan lembar wawancara semi terbuka. Analisa data menggunakan uji Anova dengan signifikansi 95%. Perlakuan dilakukan sebanyak 11 kali dengan jumlah dan tipe tumpukan karpet yang berbeda- beda. Perincian perlakuannya adalah 4 kali penambahan karpet tumpukan lembaran, 4 kali penambahan karpet tumpukan potongan dan 3 kali penambahan karpet tumpukan campuran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan intensitas kebisingan mesin penggiling tepubng setelah perlakuan mempunyai rentang 11,48 - 100,70 dB. Pada perlakuan pertama dengan menggunakan 2 karpet lembaran nilai intensitas kebisingan turun menjadi 111,48 dB tetapi, tidak begitu signifikan. Penurunan intensitas kebisingan terendah dicapai pada perlakuan ke-11 dengan penambahan 9 karpet campuran yang setara dengan 12 karpet lembaran. Berdasarkan hasil uji statistik didapat nilai p value sebesar 0,000. Artinya ada perbedaan nyata antara sebelum dan sesudah penambahan karpet terhadap penurunan intensitas kebisingan mesin. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa penambahan karpet efektif terhadap penurunan intensitas kebisingan mesin penggiling tepung. Kata Kunci: karpet, intensitas kebisingan, mesin penggiling tepun

Household Insecticide Use on the Existence of Aedes aegypti Larvae in South Jakarta

<p><em>Insecticides holds a very important role in the field of vector control. Since a long time ago, various types of insecticides has been used for household vector control, however, most of the research focused on adult mosquitoes only. There are limited research about the effect of insecticide active components to the presence of larvae. There are some mindsets in Indonesian that mosquitoes control can be done by simply using any type of insecticide. Therefore this study aims to determine the effect of insecticide active ingredients against the presence of Aedes aegypti larvae in household sample. Sampling was conducted in South Jakarta in 2015. The sample are 300 households where the data includes the use of insecticide active ingredients and the presence of larvae. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of SPSS 17. The results showed that the active ingredients of household insecticides significantly has no effect on the presence of Aedes aegypti larvae. Hence integrated vector control is needed rather than control simply by insecticides.</em></p

Insektisida Rumah Tangga dan Keberadaan Larva Aedes aegypti di Jakarta Selatan

Insecticides holds a very important role in the field of vector control. Since a long time ago, various types of insecticides has been used for household vector control, however, most of the research focused on adult mosquitoes only. There are limited research about the effect of insecticide active components to the presence of larvae. There are some mindsets in Indonesian that mosquitoes control can be done by simply using any type of insecticide. Therefore this study aims to determine the effect of insecticide active ingredients against the presence of Aedes aegypti larvae in household sample. Sampling was conducted in South Jakarta in 2015. The sample are 300 households where the data includes the use of insecticide active ingredients and the presence of larvae. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of SPSS 17. The results showed that the active ingredients of household insecticides significantly has no effect on the presence of Aedes aegypti larvae. Hence integrated vector control is needed rather than control simply by insecticides.Abstract. There are many research about household insecticides, however research about the effect of household insecticide active ingredients to the presence of larvae has never been optimized yet. There are some people in Indonesia who think that to avoid mosquito bites simply can be done by only using insecticides. Some types of insecticides has been used since long time ago to control mosquitoes in households, but until now, research about mosquitoes control by insecticides is limited to adult mosquitoes only. Research about the effect of household insecticide active ingredients to the presence of larvae has never been done. Therefore, this study aims to determine the relationship between the various content of the insecticide to the presence of larvae in South Jakarta as densely populated area. 300 household were used as samples, data about the use of insecticide, insecticide’s active ingredients and the presence of larvae were collected and observed. Data was analyzed using chi‐square analysis. The results showed that there is a wide variety of household insecticide used by samples. Most of the samples use insecticides with pyrethroid as it active ingredients. From the chi‐square analysis, we concluded that there is no relationship between the various household insecticides to the presence or the absence of Aedes aegypti larvae in South Jakarta.Keywords: Household Insecticide, larvae, Aedes aegypti, South JakartaAbstrak. Penelitian mengenai insektisida rumah tangga hingga kini sudah banyak dilakukan. Namun, penelitian mengenai pengaruh bahan aktif insektisida rumah tangga terhadap keberadaan larva belum pernah dilakukan. Padahal sebagian pola pikir masyarakat di Indonesia ada yang menganggap bahwa untuk terhindar dari nyamuk cukup dengan menggunakan insektisida. Maka penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara macam‐macam kandungan insektisida terhadap keberadaan larva di lingkungan tempat tinggal di Jakarta Selatan sebagai pemukiman padat penduduk. Berbagai jenis bahan insektisida sudah lama dimanfaatkan untuk mengendalikan nyamuk di rumah tangga, tetapi hingga kini penelitian hanya diterapkan pada nyamuk dewasa saja. Penelitian mengenai pengaruh bahan aktif insektisida rumah tangga terhadap keberadaan larva masih belum ada. Maka penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh bahan‐bahan aktif insektisida yang digunakan di rumah tangga terhadap keberadaan larva. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan di wilayah Jakarta Selatan. Sampel diambil sebanyak 300 rumah tangga dengan mencakup data pemakaian bahan‐bahan aktif insektisida dan keberadaan larva. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis chi‐square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat berbagai variasi bahan aktif insektisida rumah tangga dengan mayoritas pemakaian adalah piretroid. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan antara macam‐macam insektisida rumah tangga dengan ada tidaknya larva Ae. aegypti di Jakarta Selatan.Kata Kunci: Insektisida rumah tangga, larva, Aedes aegypti, Jakarta Selata

Baby Smoker di Indonesia : Literatur Review: Baby Smoker in Indonesia : Literatur Review

Latar belakang: Telah ditemukan kasus perokok balita yang dipublikasikan di media lokal maupun internasional diantaranya di Sumatera, Jawa Barat, Jawa Timur dan yang terbaru di Jawa Tengah. Begitu pula dengan perilaku merokok pada anak sekolah dasar. Banyak penelitian melaporkan perilaku merokok anak sekolah dasar di berbagai provinsi di Indonesia. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan memberikan gambaran perilaku merokok pada anak balita dan anak sekolah dasar di Indonesia. Metode: Metode penelitian adalah scoping review dengan pendekatan PRISMA. Penelusuran literatur menggunakan database elektronik seperti ProQuest, Google Scholar dan Garuda. Tinjauan literatur dilakukan pada jurnal nasional yang terbit 10 tahun terakhir, tersedia dalam full text dan bukan hasil review. Hasil: Kasus balita merokok terjadi di Sukabumi, Jawa Barat, Jawa Timur dan Sumatera Selatan.&nbsp; Telah ditemukan sebanyak 12 kasus perokok balita yang dipublikasikan di media cetak baik lokal maupun internasional diantaranya berlokasi di Sumatera, Jawa Barat, Jawa Timur dan yang paling terbaru terdapat di Jawa Tengah. Begitu juga dengan anak sekolah dasar. Data RISKESDAS menunjukkan terjadi kenaikan perokok anak usia 10-18 tahun. Semakin muda seseorang merokok semakin buruk pengaruhnya bagi kesehatan. Pemerintah telah melakukan berbagai upaya diantaranya menyusun kebijakan kesehatan, &nbsp;pengembangan, implementasi , monitoring, evaluasi, meningkatan kapasitas tenaga dan melakukan pelayanan berhenti merokok di puskesmas dan rumah sakit termasuk penyuluhan dan keteladanan orang tua Kesimpulan: Indonesia mendapat julukan baby smoker country karena banyaknya kasus anak merokok krang dari sepluh tahun yang terus meningkat baik pada balita ataupun usia sekolah dasar. Berbagai upaya telah dilakukan pemerintah untuk menurunkan perilaku merokok sejak usia din

KONDISI ENTOMOLOGI DAN UPAYA PENGENDALIAN DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE OLEH MASYARAKAT DI DAERAH ENDEMIS KELURAHAN BAROS KOTA SUKABUMI

Baros sub-district contribute high incidence rate of dengue fever in Sukabumi city. To determine the level of transmission risk of dengue fever from entomological condition aspect, it’s required to do the entomological survey and interview about control efforts with the aim of identifying entomological factors at Baros sub-district and dengue control efforts in that area. Population for the survey and interview on entomological control efforts are all community group or Rukun Warga (RW) in endemic area in Baros sub-district. Samples for survey are house/building at sub-district Baros RW 11. Interviewed respondent was a person whose stays in the building. Interviews were conducted using a questionnaire by visiting the respondent. Entomology data were collected through pre adult mosquitoes surveys. The results show that vector control made by RW 11 Baros sub-district are grouped into cultural, physical, biological, chemical, role and control in an integrated manner, with the highest type of control measures is an integrated control (37.6%). Indicators of entomology is HI = 33.98%, CI = 11.1%, BI = 45.63% . Based on the CI indicator, RW 11 sub-district Baros has a density figure 4, while the indicator based on HI and BI, has a density figure 6. This suggests that this region has a moderate risk of transmission to the spread of dengue disease.Keywords: control efforts, dengue, Baros sub-district, entomological surve