Stil privrženosti i dijadička prilagodba kod žena: medijacijska uloga percipirane učinkovitosti u rješavanju bračnih sukoba

In this study, we examined perceived efficacy in solving marital conflicts as a mediator between adult attachment style and dyadic adjustment, while controlling for the effects of duration of marriage. A total of 1921 married women participated in the research. The results suggest that women with high attachment avoidance are more likely to perceive themselves as inefficient in marital conflict resolution and maladjusted to the dyadic relationship, compared to women with high attachment anxiety. Furthermore, the results suggest that perceived efficacy in solving marital conflicts mediates the effects of insecure attachment styles on dyadic adjustment. Finally, there is evidence for a reciprocal causation between efficacy expectations and dyadic adjustment.U ovoj smo studiji ispitali doprinos percipirane učinkovitosti u rješavanju bračnih sukoba kao posrednika u objašnjenju veze između stila privrženosti odraslih i dijadičke prilagodbe, istodobno kontrolirajući učinak duljine braka. U istraživanju je sudjelovala 1921 udana žena. Rezultati sugeriraju da će se žene sklone izbjegavajućoj privrženosti vjerojatno smatrati neučinkovitima u rješavanju bračnih sukoba te slabije prilagođenom partnerskom odnosu u usporedbi sa ženama s visokom anksioznom privrženosti. Nadalje, rezultati sugeriraju da uočena učinkovitost u rješavanju bračnih sukoba posreduje učincima nesigurnih stilova privrženosti na dijadičku prilagodbu. Konačno, možemo pretpostaviti postojanje uzajamne uzročne veze između očekivanja učinkovitosti u rješavanju bračnih sukoba i dijadičke prilagodbe

Local Intrinsic Dimensionality Measures for Graphs, with Applications to Graph Embeddings

The notion of local intrinsic dimensionality (LID) is an important advancement in data dimensionality analysis, with applications in data mining, machine learning and similarity search problems. Existing distance-based LID estimators were designed for tabular datasets encompassing data points represented as vectors in a Euclidean space. After discussing their limitations for graph-structured data considering graph embeddings and graph distances, we propose NC-LID, a novel LID-related measure for quantifying the discriminatory power of the shortest-path distance with respect to natural communities of nodes as their intrinsic localities. It is shown how this measure can be used to design LID-aware graph embedding algorithms by formulating two LID-elastic variants of node2vec with personalized hyperparameters that are adjusted according to NC-LID values. Our empirical analysis of NC-LID on a large number of real-world graphs shows that this measure is able to point to nodes with high link reconstruction errors in node2vec embeddings better than node centrality metrics. The experimental evaluation also shows that the proposed LID-elastic node2vec extensions improve node2vec by better preserving graph structure in generated embeddings

Analiza i predviđanje toka vremenskih serija pomoću “Case-BasedReasoning” tehnologije.

This thesis describes one promising approach where a problem of time series analysis and prediction was solved by using Case Based Reasoning (CBR) technology. Foundations and main concepts of this technology are described in detail. Furthermore, a detailed study of different approaches in time series analysis is given. System CuBaGe (Curve Base Generator) - A robust and general architecture for curve representation and indexing time series databases, based on Case based reasoning technology, was developed. Also, a corresponding similarity measure was modelled for a given kind of curve representation. The presented architecture may be employed equally well not only in conventional time series (where all values are known), but also in some non-standard time series (sparse, vague, non-equidistant). Dealing with the non-standard time series is the highest advantage of the presented architecture.U ovoj doktorskoj disertaciji prikazan je interesantan i perspektivan pristup rešavanja problema analize i predviđanja vremenskih serija korišćenjem Case Based Reasoning (CBR) tehnologije. Detaljno su opisane osnove i glavni koncepti ove tehnologije. Takođe, data je komparativna analiza različitih pristupa u analizi vremenskih serija sa posebnim osvrtom na predviđanje. Kao najveći doprinos ove disertacije, prikazan je sistem CuBaGe (Curve Base Generator) u kome je realizovan originalni način reprezentacije vremenskih serija zajedno sa, takođe originalnom, odgovarajućom merom sličnosti. Robusnost i generalnost sistema ilustrovana je realnom primenom u domenu finansijskog predviđanja, gde je pokazano da sistem jednako dobro funkcioniše sa standardnim, ali i sa nekim nestandardnim vremenskim serijama (neodređenim, retkim i neekvidistantnim)

The Influence of Global Constraints on Similarity Measures for Time-Series Databases

A time series consists of a series of values or events obtained over repeated measurements in time. Analysis of time series represents and important tool in many application areas, such as stock market analysis, process and quality control, observation of natural phenomena, medical treatments, etc. A vital component in many types of time-series analysis is the choice of an appropriate distance/similarity measure. Numerous measures have been proposed to date, with the most successful ones based on dynamic programming. Being of quadratic time complexity, however, global constraints are often employed to limit the search space in the matrix during the dynamic programming procedure, in order to speed up computation. Furthermore, it has been reported that such constrained measures can also achieve better accuracy. In this paper, we investigate two representative time-series distance/similarity measures based on dynamic programming, Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) and Longest Common Subsequence (LCS), and the effects of global constraints on them. Through extensive experiments on a large number of time-series data sets, we demonstrate how global constrains can significantly reduce the computation time of DTW and LCS. We also show that, if the constraint parameter is tight enough (less than 10-15% of time-series length), the constrained measure becomes significantly different from its unconstrained counterpart, in the sense of producing qualitatively different 1-nearest neighbor graphs. This observation explains the potential for accuracy gains when using constrained measures, highlighting the need for careful tuning of constraint parameters in order to achieve a good trade-off between speed and accuracy

Učinak razlike u procjeni osobne i supružnikove vrijednosti kao partnera na procjenu kvalitete bračnog odnosa: dijadni pristup

The main aim of this study was to investigate the effects of mate value assessment and mate value discrepancy on perceived marital quality, using an assessment of personal and partner mate value obtained by both partners. The sample included 442 heterosexual couples that have lived together for at least a year. The Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (APIM) was used to investigate the effects of personal and partner mate value assessment on the evaluation of marital quality. In addition, two interaction effects were added to the model to examine the effect of mate value discrepancy on perceived marital quality. The APIM model showed significant actor and partner effects of the partner\u27s mate value assessment on the evaluation of both husbands\u27 and wives\u27 marital quality. The model also showed a significant effect of personal mate value assessed by wives on husbands\u27 marital quality assessment. However, the current evidence does not confirm the assumption of a possible combination of partners\u27 mate value promoting marital quality above and beyond the contribution of both partners\u27 mate value.Glavni cilj ovog istraživanja bio je istražiti učinke procjene osobne i supružnikove vrijednosti kao partnera i razlike u spomenutim vrijednostima na procjenu kvalitete bračnog odnosa, koristeći se procjenom osobne i supružnikove vrijednosti dobivene od oba partnera. Uzorak istraživanja obuhvaćao je 442 heteroseksualna para, koji su zajedno živjeli najmanje godinu dana. Model međuovisnosti aktora i partnera (APIM) iskorišten je za istraživanje učinaka procjene osobne i supružnikove vrijednosti kao partnera na procjenu kvalitete braka. Osim navedenoga, modelu su dodana dva interakcijska učinka, kako bi se istražio učinak razlike u procjeni osobne i supružnikove vrijednosti kao partnera na procijenjenu kvalitetu braka. APIM model pokazao je značajne aktorske i partnerske učinke procjene supružnikove vrijednosti kao partnera na procijenjenu kvalitetu braka obaju supružnika. Model je pokazao i znatan učinak procjene osobne vrijednosti supruge kao partnerice na suprugovu procjenu kvalitete bračnog odnosa. Međutim, model ne potvrđuje pretpostavku o interakcijskom učinku procjene osobne i supružnikove vrijednosti kao partnera na procjenu kvalitete braka

The effect of lead on the developmental stability of Drosophila subobscura through selection in laboratory conditions

Fluctuating asymmetry (FA), the increased variation of bilateral symmetry in a sample of individuals, can indicate disturbance in developmental stability caused by environmental and/or genomic stress. This developmental instability was analyzed in Drosophila subobscura maintained for seven generations on two different concentrations of lead in laboratory conditions. The FA4 index showed that the genotypes reared on the higher lead concentration were in developmental homeostasis, except for males in the F7 generation, for both wing size parameters. The results show that different degrees of lead pollution cause different responses to selection of the exposed population in laboratory conditions

Inversion polymorphism in populations of Drosophila subobscura from urban and non-urban environments

Populations of Drosophila subobscura from the urban area of Belgrade and from the locality, Deliblato, which is not under strong anthropogenic influence, were studied with the aim to characterize and compare their genetic structure by examining chromosomal inversion polymorphism. Additional analysis and comparison of this type of polymorphism with several other populations from different habitats in the central Balkans, was done. The obtained results indicate higher heterozygosity in the population from Belgrade. Despite being ecologically marginal and under strong and complex influences, this population did not show a decline in the number of inversions and it is not highly differentiated compared to the referent populations.

Intra-species differentiation among Drosophila subobscura from different habitats in Serbia

Adaptation to different environmental conditions is a natural phenomenon that potentially leads to population subdivision. We surveyed genetic differentiation in inversion polymorphism within populations of Drosophila subobscura sampled in three ecologically different forest communities. The analysis of inversion polymorphism revealed significant differences between some pairs of samples in some gene arrangement frequencies of the A, U, and E chromosomes and some karyotype combination frequencies of the U chromosome, but significant differentiation within populations was not observed. It cannot be decided which evolutionary forces are responsible for the observed variability in inversion polymorphism.Adaptacija na različite sredinske uslove može uticati na diferencijaciju u okviru populacija. U ovom radu analizirana je genetička diferencijacija po inverzionom polimorfizmu u okviru populacija D. subobscura sakupljenih u tri ekološki različita staništa. Utvrđene su značajne razlike u učestalosti pojedinih hromozomskih aranžmana A, U i E hromozoma, i učestalosti pojedinih kombinacija kariotipova U hromozoma, ali nije utvrđena diferencijacija u okviru populacija. Razmatrani su evolutivni faktori koji bi mogli da budu odgovorni za uočenu varijabilnost u inverzionom polimorfizmu.Projekat ministarstva br. 14301

Does inbreeding affects developmental stability in Drosophila subobscura populations?

In the present paper, we focused on the coadaptive aspect of genetic variability at population level and its relation to genomic stress such as inbreeding. The paper evaluates the effects of an experimental reduction of average heterozygosity after fourteen generations of systematic inbreeding in laboratory conditions, on developmental stability in Drosophila subobscura populations from two ecologically and topologically distinct habitats, knowing that they possess a certain degree of genetic differences due to their different evolutionary histories. The aims were to analyze: (i) the variability change of wing size (length and width) among the inbred lines from both populations; (ii) the relations between homozigosity and level of fluctuating asymmetry as a potential measure of developmental instability, in inbred lines originating from two populations. Results for the wing size showed similar between line variability pattern across generations of systematic inbreeding in both populations. The obtained results suggest that variability of fluctuating asymmetry as a measure of developmental instability can not be related to homozygosity due to inbreeding per se, in both experimental populations.Rad je fokusiran na ko adaptivni aspekt genetičke varijabilnosti na nivou populacije i u odnosu na genomski stres kao što je inbriding. Analizirani su efekti eksperimentalnog smanjenja prosečne heterozigotnosti nakon 14 generacija sistematskog inbridinga u laboratorijskim uslovima na razvojnu stabilnost Drosophila subobscura populacija sa dva ekološki i topološki odvojena staništa, znajući da one poseduju odredjeni stepen genetičke diferencijacije usled različitih evolutivnih istorija. Ciljevi rada su bili da se analizira: (i) varijabilnost u promeni veličine krila (dužine i širine) medju inbidingovanim linijama i populacijama; (ii) odnosi izmedju homozigotizacije i nivoua fluktuirajuće asimetrije kao potencijalne mere razvojne nestabilnosti u inbridingovanim linijama obe populacije. Rezultati veličine krila pokazuju sličnu varijabilnost medju linijama obe populacije kroz generacije inbridinga. Dobijeni rezultati sugerišu da varijabilnost fluktuirajuće asimetrije kao mere razvojne nestabilnosti ne mogu biti povezani sa homozigotizacijom usled inbridinga per se, u obe eksperimentalne populacije.Projekat ministarstva br. 17301

The effect of developmental temperature fluctuation on wing traits and stressed locomotor performance in Drosophila melanogaster, and its dependence on heterozygosity

Background: Natural environments fluctuate and all organisms experience some degree of environmental variance. Global climate models predict increasing environmental variance in the future. Yet we do not fully understand how environmental variation affects performance traits. Questions: Does temperature fluctuation during development affect adult size and wing shape in Drosophila melanogaster? If so, are the effects predictable? Do they depend on heterozygosity? Do fluctuations in developmental temperature affect adult physiological performance at high temperature? Methods: We tested the effect of one fluctuating (21 degrees C/29 degrees C) and several constant (21 degrees C, 23 degrees C, 25 degrees C, 27 degrees C, 29 degrees C) developmental temperature regimes on three wing morphometric traits (wing length, wing width, and wing shape) in an experiment using three inbred lines of D. melanogaster and their first-generation hybrids. We also tested the effect of fluctuating and constant developmental temperature on adult locomotor performance at several high and stressful test temperatures (32 degrees C, 34 degrees C, 36 degrees C, 38 degrees C, 40 degrees C). Results: Performance mostly declined if the flies were reared under the fluctuating temperature regime versus the constant temperature regime with the same mean (25 degrees C). Heterozygosity level also affected the traits investigated, with crossbreds usually having higher trait values. Crossbred genotypes compared across constant temperatures also showed greater plasticity in wing aspect. Conclusion: The widespread use of constant developmental temperatures in laboratory experiments may lead to overestimation of performance.Danish Council for Independent Research \ Natural Sciences [11-107166]; Danish Natural Science Research Council [11-103926, 09-065999, 95095995]; Carlsberg Foundation [2011-01-0059