The Potocki family of the Pilawa coat of arms as the military leaders of Halych Land armed forces in the 17th century

In the 17th century the local parliaments of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth were tasked with various military duties ranging from defensive capability matters, including self-defence of their own land or voivodeship, to the defence of the country borders. It often enough required raising the levy in great numbers or forming regular armed forces and appointing commanders of these troops. The article presents the actions such as appointing members of the local noble families as the commanders in chief that were undertaken by the dietines (sejmiki) of Halych Land in the 17th century. As it turns out, this leadership was most often granted to the members of the Potocki family, which resulted from a number of factors, among others, their long term settlement in this region, the local offices they held, their military expertise and last but not least, their significant wealth. The nobles who gathered during the local government sessions expected that the Potocki family would be able to fulfil duties imposed on them, and if needed they would support soldiers at their expense until the dietines reimbursed expenses incurred by them

Staropolski zasób archiwalny parafii św. Jana Chrzciciela w Radomiu

Księgi metrykalne z czasów staropolskich są od dawna przedmiotem zainteresowania historyków, przede wszystkim badaczy dziejów Kościoła i genealogów. W niniejszym artykule omówiono zarówno wzmiankowane księgi, jak i inne zasoby archiwalne z XVI-XVIII w., przechowywane w kancelarii kościoła farnego św. Jana Chrzciciela w Radomiu. Wobec zniszczenia archiwaliów dawnego województwa sandomierskiego z czasów przedrozbiorowych przez okupanta hitlerowskiego w 1944 r., posiadają one wielką wagę dla dziejów miasta, regionu, a w wielu wypadkach także dla funkcjonowania parafii w czasach staropolskich

Dobra ziemskie Podlodowskich herbu Janina w powiecie radomskim i stężyckim w XVI i XVII wieku

The Podlodowscy, of Janina coat of arms, have already been a subject of interest for historians due to their political activities, which was led in the parliaments’ and the regional councils’ forums in the 16th and the 17th centuries. This article, however, presents a less known activity of the representatives of this family, namely the economics. Basing on the archives’ resources, i.e. from Warsaw and Radom, and the sources published in print, the estates of the Podlodowscy family, focusing in the 16th and the 17th centuries mainly on the territories within the Radom County and the Land of Stężyca, were presented. Many of the representatives of this family gathered the land estates, which allowed for including them in the group of the rich noble class (szlachta). They were the people who received magistracies and displayed the greatest political activity. Towards the end of the 17th century the house of Podlodowscy began to come to an end, which also meant the collapse of its financial position.Artykuł nie posiada streszczenia w języku polskim

Jak powstrzymać ekspansję turecką w Europie, czyli o książce Wołodymyra Pyłypenki, W obliczu wroga. Polska literatura antyturecka od połowy XVI do połowy XVII wieku, Wydawnictwo Napoleon V, Oświęcim 2016, ss. 191

The book written by Wołodymyr Pyłypenko has been discussed in this article, related to the Polish literature of the period between the 16th and 17th century, which deals with the question of preventing the danger of the Turkish expansion against Christian Europe. Polish scientists have discussed these problems, they published many source documents presenting the problem of fighting the Turkish threat. Looking at the difficult neighbourhood of both Poland and Turkey, from the Kozak’s perspective is the newness of Pyłypenko’s book. His elaboration has many weak sides both in the whole construction and on the level of the semantics as well as in the contents, which was presented in the review.W artykule omówiono książkę Wołodymyra Pyłypenki, poświęconą polskiemu piśmiennictwu z XVI–XVII w., poruszającemu kwestię powstrzymania zagrożenia, jakie dla chrześcijańskiej Europy stwarzała wówczas ekspansja turecka. Polscy badacze omawiali już owe problemy, wydano również wiele tekstów źródłowych dotyczących problematyki zwalczania tureckiego zagrożenia. Nowością w publikacji W. Pyłypenki jest spojrzenie na trudne sąsiedztwo Rzeczypospolitej i Turcji z perspektywy kozaczyzny zaporoskiej. W pracy jest jednak dużo mankamentów, zarówno w warstwie konstrukcyjnej, aparatu pojęciowego, jak i treści merytorycznych, co wykazano w recenzji

Próby organizacji wojsk „obrony domowej” przez szlachtę województw kijowskiego, bracławskiego i czernihowskiego (1649–1650)

Przedmiotem analizy są próby organizacji wojsk samoobrony terytorialnej przez sejmiki województw kijowskiego, bracławskiego i czernihowskiego w latach 1649–1650. Szlachta województw ukrainnych, ogarniętych powstaniem kozackim, schroniła się wówczas na terenie Wołynia, Rusi i Lubelszczyzny. Miała jednak nadzieję, że po zawieszeniu broni z Bohdanem Chmielnickim zdoła powrócić na Ukrainę, a dzięki własnym, samorządowym siłom zbrojnym przywróci na niej ład i pokój. The subject of the analysis are attempts to organize territorial self-defence force undertaken by the dietines of Kiev, Bracłav, and Chernihów palatinates in 1649– 1650. The nobility of the Ukrainian palatinates engulfed by the Cossack uprising, took shelter in the territory of Volhynia, Ruthenia, and the Lublin region. They hoped, however, that after a ceasefire with Khmelnytsky they would return to Ukraine, and thanks to their own self-defence armed forces they would be able to restore order and peace

Szlachta wołyńska wobec agresji tureckiej na Rzeczpospolitą w 1621 roku

In 1621, the Commonwealth was forced to make a strenuous military effort to repel the Turkish-Tatar invasion. On a national scale, it has already been the subject of historians’ interest; thus, the article aims to present less known aspects of the preparations for the war with Turkey, seen from the perspective of the nobility living in a specific region. In this case, in the Province of Volhynia, one of the territories directly threatened by military actions. The source material made it possible to prove that its inhabitants made a military effort in 1621 on a much larger scale than previously thought: they set up a regiment of the poviat, private and voluntary troops, a contingent from the entail of Ostrog, and finally, they participated in a mass levy of troops at Gliniany. Comparing the collected data with the number of the Commonwealth’s permanent armed forces deployed against the Turks proves that they do not always include all units that ultimately took part in the battles.W 1621 r. Rzeczpospolita została zmuszona do podjęcia olbrzymiego wysiłku militarnego w celu odparcia najazdu turecko-tatarskiego. W skali ogólnopaństwowej był on już przedmiotem zainteresowania historyków, toteż celem artykułu jest ukazanie mniej znanych aspektów przygotowań do wojny z Turcją, widzianych z perspektywy szlachty zamieszkującej określony region. Przedmiotem rozważań stało się w tym przypadku województwo wołyńskie, jedno z terytoriów bezpośrednio zagrożonych działaniami wojennymi. Materiał źródłowy pozwolił dowieść, że jego mieszkańcy podjęli w 1621 r. wysiłek militarny na skalę o wiele większą niż dotąd sądzono: wystawili pułk wojska powiatowego, oddziały prywatne i wolontarskie, kontyngent ordynacji ostrogskiej, a na koniec stawili się na pospolitym ruszeniu. Porównanie zgromadzonych danych z komputami wojsk Rzeczypospolitej, wystawionych wówczas przeciw Turkom dowodzi, że nie zawsze obejmują one wszystkie jednostki, które ostatecznie wzięły udział w walkach

Recenzje

The article dosn’t have abstract in english.Artykuł nie zawiera streszczenia w języku polskim

Parish registers and other records from the period before the partitions in the archive of John the Baptist parish in Radom

Historians, particularly the researchers in the history of the Church and genealogists, have long been interested in the archives held in parish offices. The following article presents the registers and other records of the Old Polish period which are held in the Archive of John the Baptist Parish in Radom. Due to the fact that the archival materials of the former province of Sandomierz dating from the period before the Partitions were destroyed by the German invader in 1944, the materials under investigation are of great value for the history of the town, region and Poland.Księgi metrykalne z czasów staropolskich są od dawna przedmiotem zainteresowania historyków, przede wszystkim badaczy dziejów Kościoła i genealogów. W niniejszym artykule omówiono zarówno wzmiankowane księgi, jak i inne zasoby archiwalne z XVI-XVIII w., przechowywane w kancelarii kościoła farnego św. Jana Chrzciciela w Radomiu. Wobec zniszczenia archiwaliów dawnego województwa sandomierskiego z czasów przedrozbiorowych przez okupanta hitlerowskiego w 1944 r., posiadają one wielką wagę dla dziejów miasta, regionu, a w wielu wypadkach także dla funkcjonowania parafii w czasach staropolskich

Nekropolie Radomia w drugiej połowie XVIII wieku

CEMETERIES IN RADOM IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 18TH C. The article concerns the cemeteries of the Old Radom and New Radom parishes in the second half of the 18th c., which provided the fi nal resting place to representatives of all the classes of the Polish society of the time. The period to be investigated was chosen due to the availability of sources: the burial records of the church of St John the Baptist in New Radom — since 1748, and of St Wenceslas in New Radom — since 1761. Furthermore, at the end of the 18th c. cemeteries started to be moved out of towns for sanitary reasons and Radom provides a perfect illustration of many of the factors that induced that process.Within the area which is now embraced by city of Radom there were seven possible places of burial in the 18th c. In the parish of Old Radom the major one was the cemetery at St Wenceslas’ church. Since the church was small and had no burial chapels, very few people were interred inside (1.8% of the recorded burials). The parish of St John the Baptist had fi ve necropolises, including two parish cemeteries. The largest one was the cemetery around the parish church, inside the town walls, where 79% of the recorded dead were buried, while c. 10% in the years 1748–1795 were interred inside the church. This was conditioned by several factors, including the church having several burial chapels, the cemetery being relatively small and New Radom parishioners usually enjoying a higher material status than Old Radom parishioners. The choice of the burial place was very often linked with the deceased person’s social status; the most prestigious option was the chapel of St Mary Magdalene, founded by the Kochanowski family, where mostly people of noble origin were laid to rest. In the suburbs of Radom there was another cemetery at St Leonard’s church, which functioned until 1794, where 10% of the dead were buried. That one provided the last resting place mostly to poor peasants, beggars, vagabonds, suicides, and corpses found in the woods or on the road. Monks and friars, but also lay people were buried in monastery and friary churches and on adjacent small cemeteries. The research does not confi rm the assumption previously held by some scholars, that the new regulations concerning burials outside the densely built-up area were followed in Radom as early as in 1792. In fact, it was only in 1795 that a cemetery was opened in Piotrówka, to inter people from both St John the Baptist’s and St Wenceslas’ parishes. The opening of the new cemetery led to the closure of the church cemetery in New Radom but the cemetery at St Wenc-eslas’ church functioned almost to the end of the 18th c., serving both the Old Radom and the New Radom parishioners. Between the opening of the cemetery in Piotrówka in February 1795 and September 1797 27% of the dead from the two parishes were buried at St Wenceslas’ cemetery. It was only in 1798, due to the strict regulations introduced by the Austrian government, that people ceased to be interred in the old cemeteries and churches in Radom, although exceptions may still have been occurring. The process of translocating burials from the old necropolises of Old and New Radom to a new cemetery outside of the densely populated and built-up area confi rms historians’ findings concerning other cities. Almost everywhere the new regulations on burials far from parish churches were opposed and were only accepted slowly, despite the efforts of the Polish clergy and of the occupant administration. Radom was no exception. The new cemetery in Piotrówka was opened in 1795 (functioning till 1812), but it took several years and new strict regulations to make the local community give up the old necropolises where their ancestors were interred and where the burial place refl ected the social and material status of the dead