Trace element concentrations in the small Indian mongoose (\u3ci\u3eHerpestes auropunctatus\u3c/i\u3e) from Hawaii, USA

Concentrations of 26 trace elements including essential (Mg, Ca, Cr, V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Se, Sr and Mo) and toxic (As, Cd and Pb), were determined in the liver, kidney, brain, hair, muscle, and stomach contents of the small Indian mongooses inhabiting eight areas on three Hawaiian Islands, Oahu, Maui and Hawaii. There were significant differences in concentrations of some metals among the habitats. Cadmium concentrations in mongooses from the macadamia nut orchards on Island of Hawaii were relatively higher than those in populations from other seven areas. Lead concentrations in mongooses from the Ukumehame firing range were significantly higher than those from other areas. Compared to data reported in mongooses from other countries, Pb concentrations in the brain were higher in the animals from Hawaiian islands, but almost similar levels were observed in the liver and kidney. Intriguingly, brain concentrations of Pb in three specimens from the Ukumehame firing range exceeded 3.79 μg g−1 WW, which was the mean cerebral Pb level in rats that caused some toxic symptoms after administration in the previous study. Furthermore, two fetuses exhibited higher brain Pb concentrations than each of their dams. These results prompted us to consider the potential exposure and health effects of Pb derived from firing range operations on the small Indian mongoose and other animal species including human

Trace element concentrations in the small Indian mongoose (\u3ci\u3eHerpestes auropunctatus\u3c/i\u3e) from Hawaii, USA

Concentrations of 26 trace elements including essential (Mg, Ca, Cr, V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Se, Sr and Mo) and toxic (As, Cd and Pb), were determined in the liver, kidney, brain, hair, muscle, and stomach contents of the small Indian mongooses inhabiting eight areas on three Hawaiian Islands, Oahu, Maui and Hawaii. There were significant differences in concentrations of some metals among the habitats. Cadmium concentrations in mongooses from the macadamia nut orchards on Island of Hawaii were relatively higher than those in populations from other seven areas. Lead concentrations in mongooses from the Ukumehame firing range were significantly higher than those from other areas. Compared to data reported in mongooses from other countries, Pb concentrations in the brain were higher in the animals from Hawaiian islands, but almost similar levels were observed in the liver and kidney. Intriguingly, brain concentrations of Pb in three specimens from the Ukumehame firing range exceeded 3.79 μg g−1 WW, which was the mean cerebral Pb level in rats that caused some toxic symptoms after administration in the previous study. Furthermore, two fetuses exhibited higher brain Pb concentrations than each of their dams. These results prompted us to consider the potential exposure and health effects of Pb derived from firing range operations on the small Indian mongoose and other animal species including human

Contamination by PCDDs, PCDFs and coplanar PCBs in open dumping sites in Vietnam-levels, patterns and toxic implications

Joint Research on Environmental Science and Technology for the Eart

PERSISTENT ORGANOCHLORINE RESIDUES IN HUMAN BREAST MILK FROM VIETNAM : CONTAMINATION, ACCUMULATION KINETICS AND RISK ASSESSMENT

Joint Research on Environmental Science and Technology for the Eart

Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases

The study of indoor environmental quality as well as the development and progression of chronic respiratory diseases have received a great deal of attention in the past few years. However, most of those surveys focus on the effects of particulate matter (PM) and biological contaminants (fungi and bacteria) and evidences on the effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in these pathologies are limited. Hence, RESPIRA project aims to contribute towards a better understanding of the role of multiple stressors in respiratory diseases by providing data on the levels and effects of EDCs in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and control individuals from Estarreja region (NW Portugal). Here we will summarize the results obtained for phenolic compounds (parabens, triclosan and triclocarban) in matched human and indoor environmental samples (house dust) from COPD patients. Overall, the concentrations in dust samples are one to two orders of magnitude higher that the concentrations in human urine. Triclosan was detected in all the dust samples, triclocarban was detected in 82% of the dust samples and parabens in 90% to 100% of the samples. In urine samples, triclosan was detected in 56% of the samples, triclocarban was always bellow detection limit (0.25 ng/mL) and parabens detection frequency varied widely (23-84%). Interestingly, the highest level reported in dust for triclosan (1200 ng/g) corresponded to the house of the patient with the highest triclosan concentration in urine (140 ng/mL).publishe

PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS(POPs) IN VIETNAMESE ENVIRONMENT-A REVIEW OF CONTAMINATION, FATE AND TOXIC POTENTIAL

Joint Research on Environmental Science and Technology for the Eart

Personal care products in matched human and environmental samples collected under the framework of RESPIRA Project

The indoor environment is an important source of exposure to microbial communities that may deleteriously affect human respiratory health. Recent studies demonstrated that the microbial community structure can be altered by the use of household products such as antimicrobial agents. Hence, in order to understand the modulation of the indoor microbiome by household products and their joint effect in the respiratory status of COPD patients we evaluated the levels of antimicrobials agents in dust samples and matched urine samples from patients with COPD. Overall, the concentrations in dust samples are one to two orders of magnitude higher that the concentrations in human urine. Triclosan was detected in all the dust samples, triclocarban was detected in 82% of the dust samples and parabens in 90% to 100% of the samples. In urine samples, triclosan was detected in 56% of the samples, triclocarban was always bellow detection limit (0.25 ng/mL) and parabens detection frequency varied widely (23-84%). Interestingly, the highest level reported in dust for triclosan (1200 ng/g) corresponded to the house of the patient with the highest triclosan concentration in urine (140 ng/mL) and at that house high levels of antibiotic resistant bacteria were found. Such results suggest that the use of antimicrobials might be associated with the presence of resistant bacteria and thus deserve to be further studied.publishe

Uptake and Metabolism of Human Pharmaceuticals by Fish - A Case Study with the Opioid Analgesic Tramadol.

This document is the unedited Author’s version of a Submitted Work that was subsequently accepted for publication in Environmental science & technology, copyright © American Chemical Society after peer review. To access the final edited and published work see https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b03441Recent species-extrapolation approaches to predict the potential effects of pharmaceuticals present in the environment on wild fish are based on the assumption that pharmacokinetics and metabolism in humans and fish are comparable. To test this hypothesis, we exposed fathead minnows to the opiate pro-drug tramadol and examined uptake from the water into the blood and brain, and metabolism of the drug into its main metabolites. We found that plasma concentrations could be predicted reasonably accurately based on the lipophilicity of the drug, once the pH of the water was taken into account. The concentrations of the drug and its main metabolites were higher in the brain than in the plasma, and the observed brain/plasma concentration ratios were within the range of values reported in mammalian species. This fish species was able to metabolise the pro-drug tramadol into the highly active metabolite O-desmethyl tramadol and the inactive metabolite N-desmethyl tramadol in a similar manner to mammals. However, we found that concentration ratios of O-desmethyl tramadol to tramadol were lower in the fish than values in most humans administered the drug. Our pharmacokinetic data of tramadol in fish help bridge the gap between widely available mammalian pharmacological data and potential effects on aquatic organisms, and highlight the importance of understanding drug uptake and metabolism in fish to enable the full implementation of predictive toxicology approaches.We would like to thank members of the Ecotoxicology Research Group, Brunel University London, particularly J. Walker, N. Brodigan, and A. Ferreira for fish husbandry, and T. Thrupp, E. Lawton, and A. Baynes for fish sampling. The research at Brunel University London was internally funded by the university. This study was also supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT) to a project on Joint Usage/Research Center– Leading Academia in Marine and Environment Pollution Research (LaMer), and Research Fellowships from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) for Young Scientists in Japan (PD) provided to R. Tanoue (26·2800), Grants in Bid (KAKENHI) for Scientific Research (A) (25257403), Scientific Research (A) (16H01784). This study was also funded by the Sasakawa Scientific Research Grant from The Japan Science Society

Waste prevention for sustainable resource and waste management

Although the 2Rs (reduce and reuse) are considered high-priority approaches, there has not been enough quantitative research on effective 2R management. The purpose of this paper is to provide information obtained through the International Workshop in Kyoto, Japan, on 11–13 November 2015, which included invited experts and researchers in several countries who were in charge of 3R policies, and an additional review of 245 previous studies. It was found that, regarding policy development, the decoupling between environmental pressures and economy growth was recognized as an essential step towards a sustainable society. 3R and resource management policies, including waste prevention, will play a crucial role. Approaches using material/substance flow analyses have become sophisticated enough to describe the fate of resources and/or hazardous substances based on human activity and the environment, including the final sink. Life-cycle assessment has also been developed to evaluate waste prevention activities. Regarding target products for waste prevention, food loss is one of the waste fractions with the highest priority because its countermeasures have significant upstream and downstream effects. Persistent organic pollutants and hazardous compounds should also be taken into account in the situation where recycling activities are globally widespread for the promotion of a material-cycling society