Crystallographic Stability of Metastable Phase Formed by Containerless Processing in REFeO3 (RE: Rare-Earth Element)

Undercooling a melt often facilitates a metastable phase to nucleate preferentially. Although the classical nucleation theory shows that the most critical factor for forming a metastable phase is the interface free energy, the crystallographic stability is also indispensable for the phase to be frozen at ambient temperature. In compound materials such as oxides, authors have suggested that the decisive factors for forming a critical nucleus are not only the free energy difference but also the difference of the entropy of fusion between stable and metastable phases. In the present study, using REFeO3 (RE: rare-earth element) as a model material, we investigate the formation of a metastable phase from undercooled melts with respect to the competitive nucleation and crystallographical stabilities of both phases

Inhibition of free radical activity by dual PPAR α and PPAR γ agonist using analytical assay methods

Background: Overproduction of free radicals involved in the pathology of a wide variety of clinical disorders. Poor glycaemic control in diabetic people leads to free radical production responsible for diabetic related complications. Antioxidants produces resistance against the oxidative stress by scavenging free radicals may useful in treating diabetic related complications. Saroglitazar is a newer antidiabetic drug act on dual Peroxisome Proliferator Receptor Agonist α (PPAR α) and PPAR γ agonist with protection effect on Diabetes mellitus induced lipid dystrophy. Our study was done to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant effect Saroglitazar by 1, 1 Diphenyl 2 Picryl hydrazide (DPPH) and Nitric Oxide (NO) method.Methods: In this study, we demonstrated invitro antioxidant activity by using 10 mg/dl stock solutions of Saroglitazar. DPPH and NO free radical scavenging test were done for different concentration of Saroglitazar.Results: Saroglitazar showed concentration dependent free radical scavenging activity in DPPH assay. In DPPH assay at higher concentration 1000ug concentration showed 49.18% free radical scavenging activity. At lower concentration 10ug showed 17.18% free radical scavenging activity. NO scavenging activity at lower concentration 100ug showed 55.15% activity. But the higher concentration (1000ug) only slight increase in 60.15% activity.Conclusions: Thus Saroglitazar invitro antioxidant analysis proved that it is a potent antioxidant

Antipsoriatic activity of Cassia auriculata L. flowers in Freund’s adjuvantformaldehyde induced animal model

The plant Cassia auriculata L. belonging to the family Caesalpiniaceae (Leguminosae) used in the Ayurvedic system of medicine for the treatment of diabetes, ulcers, leprosy, conjunctivitis, liver and skin diseases. The present study aimed to evaluate the antipsoriatic effect of the ointments 0.5 and 1.0% (w/w) containing ethanol extract of the flowers of C. auriculata using complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) and induced animal model and also evaluated for its physical parameters. Antipsoriatic effect of 0.5 and 1.0% (w/w) ointments was evaluated by the phenotypic features (redness, erythema, and scales) in terms of psoriasis severity index (PSI) and histological features (epidermal thickness and degree of orthokeratosis). Evaluation of physical parameters for the prepared ointments showed satisfactory results with an acceptable condition of consistency for application. 0.5 and 1.0% (w/w) ointments treated animals showed a significant (*P <0.05) increase in the orthokeratinocyte layer and a significant (**P <0.01) reduction in the epidermal layer of skin treated with 1.0% (w/w) ointment with a progressive reduction (**P <0.01) in the severity of psoriatic lesions (erythema, redness, and scales) from day 7 to 21st day. The present investigations revealed that the flowers of Cassia auriculata possess antipsoriatic activity, confirming their traditional use in skin disorders

Volume Integral Theorem for Exotic Matter

We answer an important question in general relativity about the volume integral theorem for exotic matter by suggesting an exact integral quantifier for matter violating Averaged Null Energy Condition (ANEC). It is checked against some well known static, spherically symmetric traversable wormhole solutions of general relativity with a sign reversed kinetic term minimally coupled scalar field. The improved quantifier is consistent with the principle that traversable wormholes can be supported by arbitrarily small quantities of exotic matter.Comment: 7 page

MHD Free Convective Flow Past a Hot Vertical Porous Plate

The influence of the magnetic field on the free convective flow of a viscous fluid past a hot vertical porous plate is analysed under the assumptions that the suction velocity which is normal to the porous wall is constant and the wall temperature is spanwise cosinusoidal. The solutions for the velocity, temperature, skin friction and rate of heat transfer have been obtained in dimensionless form by perturbation technique. The effects of different flow parameters appearing in the solutions have been studied on the above flow quantities

IS MULLIGAN'S SUSTAINED NATURAL APOPHYSEAL GLIDES (SNAGS) OR MUSCLE ENERGY TECHNIQUE IS EFFECTIVE IN THE NON-SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF CERVICOGENIC HEADACHE? A TWO-GROUP PRETEST-POSTTEST RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL

Objective: The purpose of this study is to compare the efficacy of Mulligan's Glides like sustained natural apophyseal glides and muscle energy technique (MET) in the management of individual with cervicogenic headache (ICH).Methods: A total of 30 ICH were recruited by the simple random sampling to participate in this two-group pretest-posttest, single-blinded randomized clinical study. Recruited ICH was randomly allocated into two groups, Group A and Group B. ICH in Group A was provided with Mulligan's SNAGs of 3 glides/session/day×5 days/week×4-week duration, while in Group B, ICH received MET for suboccipital muscles for 6 times/session/day×5 days/ week×4 weeks. Both the groups received the common intervention of stretching and strengthening for cervical muscles for 4 weeks. Pain scores (visual analog score [VAS]), disability (headache disability index [HD]), and cervical extension range of motion (ROM) were documented at baseline and 4th week after intervention and analyzed.Results: Group B demonstrated significance difference (p<0.05) in HDI, VAS, and cervical extension ROM when compared to Group A.Conclusion: 4 week MET has the sufficient potential to decrease neck pain, disability, and increase cervical mobility among ICH as a non-surgical management

SUPPLEMENTATION OF Α-LIPOIC ACID IN DIABETIC PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY: A PROSPECTIVE OPEN LABEL RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL

Abstract Objective: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy is the most common long term complications associated with reduced nerve conduction and blood flow. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of oral supplementation of α-lipoic acid (600 mg/day) on peripheral, sensory and motor nerve conduction and glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus with peripheral neuropathy. Methods: A total of 20 patients were enrolled in this study, then randomly allocated to two groups control (n=10) and intervention group (n=10). Patients in control group received only oral hypoglycaemic treatment and in intervention group received α-lipoic acid (600 mg/day) oral supplementation along with their oral hypoglycaemic treatment for a period of 3 months. Nerve conduction and glycaemic control were measured at the base line and at the end of 3 months by using specific methods. Results: In intervention group α-lipoic acid supplementation significantly improves 6 of 15 electrophysiological parameters of nerve conduction. Distal latency of peroneal (mean ± SD 5.13 ± 0.52 vs 4.92±0.55; p<0.02), median (mean ± SD 3.66 ± 0.76 vs 3.53±0.63; p<0.03) & ulnar motor nerves (mean ± SD 2.91 ± 0.32 vs 2.82±0.36; p<0.01), and Nerve Conduction Velocity of peroneal (mean ± SD 42.0 ± 3.07 vs 43.4±2.13; p<0.03), median (mean ± SD 51.4 ± 3.31 vs 52.2±3.59; p<0.01) & ulnar motor nerves (mean ± SD 51.0 ± 5.84 vs 52.1±5.46; p<0.03) shows significant improvement. Conclusion: Oral supplementation of α-lipoic acid was found to be effective in improving motor nerve conduction of upper and lower extremities in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy

Formulation And Evaluation Of Mouth Dissolving Tablets Of Amoxapine

The objective of the present study is to design and formulate orodispersible tablets of Amoxapine using novel Co-processed superdisintegrants by employing direct compression method. Amoxapine is used to treat symptoms of depression. Amoxapine is a class II drug with high permeability and low solubility. There is a need to develop a formulation of Amoxapine that will enhance the bioavailability of the drug by decreasing the disintegration time.  Thus improves patient compliance generate rapid response enhances bioavailability and also reduces dose of drug. In this study ODTs are prepared by direct compression method using novel super disintigrants in different proportions .The powder blend is subjected to pre compression parameters including bulk density, true density, tapped density, cars index, Hausner’s ratio and angle of repose. The formulations are evaluated for weight variation, hardness, wetting time, water absorption test, disintegration time and in vitro dissolution studies and all formulations complies its Pharmacopoeial standards. The tablets are evaluated and the results compared for all four super disintigrants revealed cross povidone to be the most efficious super disintigrants to formulate mouth dissolving tablets of Naproxen sodium as suggested by the dispersion time , disintegration time and drug dissolution profile

Development of a high resolution land surface dataset for the South Asian monsoon region

In this study, we report the development of a high resolution land surface dataset for the South Asian monsoon region for studies on land surface processes, and land and atmosphere coupling. The high resolu- tion land data assimilation system was used to develop the land surface dataset utilizing TRMM rainfall and ECMWF atmospheric variables as forcing parameters. The dataset was developed at a spatial resolution of 0.5° and temporal resolution of 1 h and spans a period of 6 years, i.e. 1 January 2005 to 31 December 2010. The major highlights in the development of the present dataset are higher spatial and temporal resolution of land surface parameters, use of sub-daily forcing parameters including rainfall, use of MODIS land-use data in lieu of USGS land-use data and weekly varying vegetation fraction instead of monthly vegetation climatology. A comparison of soil moisture and soil temperature with limited surface observations of the IMD suggests reasonable reliability of the land surface data. The model sensible heat flux data are compared with in situ measurements at Ranchi and MEERA reanalysis data. The sensitivity analysis shows that the land surface data are sensitive to rainfall and green vegetation cover data used as the forcing parameters. The dataset has been used to discuss the variations of land surface processes associated with active and break spells and a severe heat wave observed in 2009. The present dataset will be useful for many applications, including initializing numerical models for weather prediction. This high resolution land surface dataset is available for research on request