2008 Inter-laboratory Comparison Study of a Reference Material for Nutrients in Seawater

Autoclaved natural seawater collected in the North Pacific Ocean was used as a reference material for nutrients in seawater (RMNS) during an inter-laboratory comparison (I/C) study conducted in 2008. This study was a follow-up to previous studies conducted in 2003 and 2006. A set of six samples was distributed to each of 58 laboratories in 15 countries around the globe, and results were returned by 54 of those laboratories (15 countries). The homogeneities of samples used in the 2008 I/C study, based on analyses for three determinants, were improved compared to those of samples used in the 2003 and 2006 I/C studies. Results of these I/C studies indicate that most of the participating laboratories have an analytical technique for nutrients that is sufficient to provide data of high comparability. The differences between reported concentrations from the same laboratories in the 2006 and 2008 I/C studies for the same batch of RMNS indicate that most of the laboratories have been maintaining internal comparability for two years. Thus, with the current high level of performance in the participating laboratories, the use of a common reference material and the adaptation of an internationally accepted nutrient scale system would increase comparability among laboratories worldwide, and the use of a certified reference material would establish traceability. In the 2008 I/C study we observed a problem of non-linearity of the instruments of the participating laboratories similar to that observed among the laboratories in the 2006 I/C study. This problem of non-linearity should be investigated and discussed to improve comparability for the full range of nutrient concentrations. For silicate comparability in particular, we see relatively larger consensus standard deviations than those for nitrate and phosphate

Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles (MISEV2023): From basic to advanced approaches

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), through their complex cargo, can reflect the state of their cell of origin and change the functions and phenotypes of other cells. These features indicate strong biomarker and therapeutic potential and have generated broad interest, as evidenced by the steady year-on-year increase in the numbers of scientific publications about EVs. Important advances have been made in EV metrology and in understanding and applying EV biology. However, hurdles remain to realising the potential of EVs in domains ranging from basic biology to clinical applications due to challenges in EV nomenclature, separation from non-vesicular extracellular particles, characterisation and functional studies. To address the challenges and opportunities in this rapidly evolving field, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) updates its 'Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles', which was first published in 2014 and then in 2018 as MISEV2014 and MISEV2018, respectively. The goal of the current document, MISEV2023, is to provide researchers with an updated snapshot of available approaches and their advantages and limitations for production, separation and characterisation of EVs from multiple sources, including cell culture, body fluids and solid tissues. In addition to presenting the latest state of the art in basic principles of EV research, this document also covers advanced techniques and approaches that are currently expanding the boundaries of the field. MISEV2023 also includes new sections on EV release and uptake and a brief discussion of in vivo approaches to study EVs. Compiling feedback from ISEV expert task forces and more than 1000 researchers, this document conveys the current state of EV research to facilitate robust scientific discoveries and move the field forward even more rapidly

Percutaneous cardiopulmonary support for pulmonary thromboembolism caused by large uterine leiomyomata

AbstractObjectiveAcute pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) is a common illness that causes death and disability. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is often found in patients with a large myomatous uterus, and can occasionally result in acute PTE. Here, we describe the achievement of a favorable outcome in a case of acute PTE.Case ReportThe patient presented with acute PTE caused by a large uterine leiomyoma, without DVT of the lower extremities. Percutaneous cardiopulmonary support (PCPS) was used as an adjunct to thrombolytic therapy to treat the right ventricular thrombus with acute PTE. According to emergency practice, PCPS was initiated, and the patient was successfully treated with thrombolytic and anticoagulant therapy associated with total abdominal hysterectomy.ConclusionsThis case suggests that PCPS can lead to favorable clinical outcomes in patients with large uterine leiomyomata and severe PTE

Establishment of Novel Reporter Cells Stably Maintaining Transcription Factor-driven Human Secreted Alkaline Phosphatase Expression

Background: Transcriptional regulation is a very important and pivotal function in myriad biological responses. Thus, methods to determine transcriptional activity are required in not only basic medical research but also in drug discovery. We established novel reporter constructs using human secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) and Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen (EBNA) 1, which can maintain constructs synchronized to host cell replication. Methods: We established nuclear factor-kappa B (NFkB) or interferon regulatory factor (IRF) driven SEAP expression constructs and then, introduced them into culture cells. Results: The cells maintain reporter constructs for a long period in the culture and produce SEAP into culture supernatant in response to each specific ligand such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and inter-feron-beta. Measuring SEAP with chemiluminescence makes it possible to get high standard dynamic range applying to high-throughput screening in drug discovery in both 96 and 384 well format. We can also use it to determine transcriptional activity in the cells transfected with expression plasmid or treated with various toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands in a concentration-dependent manner and time-dependent manner. Finally, we demonstrated drug screening using a number of natural products library. Conclusion: We for the first time established the two novel reporter cells and validated their quality and accuracy enough to carry out drug screening

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