Light micrograph of rat islets.

<p>Original magnification, ×200.</p

Comparison of GSIS test of islets in vitro from 3 to 15 weeks of age in IUGR and normal groups.

<p>Values are the means ± SE from 4 animals from each group. ** <i>P</i><0.01 vs. control rats.</p

Serum insulin levels during IPGTT (in ng/ml).

<p>Comparison of insulin levels in IUGR and normal groups from 3 to 15 weeks of age. Data are means ± SE from 4 animals from each group at each age.</p><p>*<i>P</i><0.05 vs. control rats.</p

Characteristics of the UCP2 Ala55Val polymorphism allelic and genotype distribution for obesity risk in studies included in the meta-analysis.

<p>ND, no data; DASH, dynamic allele-specific hybridization.</p

Stratified analysis pooled odds ratios for the association between the UCP3-55C/T polymorphism and susceptibility to obesity by ethnicity.

<p>The area of the squares reflects the study-specific weight. The diamond shows the summary fixed-effects odds ratio estimate from 8 studies.</p

Associations between Two Polymorphisms (FokI and BsmI) of Vitamin D Receptor Gene and Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Asian Population: A Meta-Analysis

<div><p>Background</p><p>Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms are possibly involved in the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). However, the results to date have been inconclusive. We performed a meta-analysis to examine the association between 2 polymorphisms (FokI and BsmI) of the VDR gene and T1DM in the Asian population.</p><p>Methods</p><p>Literature was retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, CBM, Embase and Chinese databases. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random or fixed effect model.</p><p>Results</p><p>In total, 20 papers (BsmI: 13 studies; FokI: 13 studies) were included. In contrast to the FokI polymorphism, the BsmI polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of T1DM in the Asian population (OR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.13–1.91, P = 0.004 for B vs. b). Upon stratification by regional geography, an increased risk of T1DM in association with the BsmI polymorphism was observed in the East Asian population (OR = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.38–2.83, P<0.001 for B vs. b), whereas the FokI polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of T1DM in the West Asian population (OR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.12–1.88, P = 0.004 for F vs. f).</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>Our meta-analysis suggests that the BsmI polymorphism may be a risk factor for susceptibility to T1DM in the East Asian population, and the FokI polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of T1DM in the West Asian population. However, because the study size was limited, further studies are essential to confirm our results.</p></div

Serum glucose levels during ITT (in mmol/l).

<p>Comparison of glucose levels in IUGR and normal groups from newborn to 15 weeks of age. Data are means ± SE from 5 to 7 animals from each group at each age.</p><p>*<i>P</i><0.05 vs. control rats.</p

Blood glucose levels during an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test at 3 weeks (A), 7 weeks (B), 10 weeks (C) and 15 weeks (D) of age in IUGR (△) and control (•) rats.

<p>Values are the means ± SE from 6 to 9 animals from each group at each age. * <i>P</i><0.05 vs. control rats.</p

Blood glucose levels during an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test in newborn pups in IUGR (△) and control (•) rats.

<p>Values are the means ± SE from 10 animals from each group. * <i>P</i><0.05 vs. control rats.</p

Tabel 2. Summary ORs and 95% CIs of the association between VDR gene polymorphism and type 1 diabetes mellitus risk.

<p>SNPs: single nucleotide polymorphisms.</p><p>A represent B allele and a represent b allele for BsmI, A present F allele and a represent f allele for FokI, respectively.</p