Simplification of parcel mapping process and its application: geographical information system based approach

Parcel maps facilitate administration, Zoning, Flood determination, Real Estate, Service territories, Financial services, Tax, Utilities, Building and site development, lake and stream erosion control, Planning, Design and construction of roads, public works etc. Understanding actual parcel boundaries significantly improves the positional accuracy of property location. Positional accuracy is a measurement how close are the property location features representing the true position on Earth. Knowing actual parcel boundaries significantly improves the accuracy of parcel data. This study mainly focuses on implementation of GIS technology in parcel mapping process and discussing various methods on creation and maintaining of high level accuracy of digital parcel data. The methodology of creating digital parcel map depends on the availability and quality of the source maps, application software availability, requirements for quality and completeness of the data. In this context CoreLogic internally developed many customized GIS tools and various methods in AutoCAD Map and ArcGIS environment for parcel mapping, these methods plays vital role in creation of new of parcel map and updating large quantity of existing parcel map. These method which includes Geo-referencing, vector based Geo-reference, COGO (Coordinate Geometry), Tally methods, Object ID cross checking, Hathways tool, ET tool, APN Attribution, Spatial Unique ID Creation, Multiple Stack Creation Tool, Arc Google Synchronize Tool, Simplification of Raw Data, Simplification of Projection Setting System, Color Code Check, Data base check etc. The main aim of this study is to analyze various methods in parcel mapping and simplification of the process to improve daily team productivity and to meet high data accuracy as per National Standard for Spatial Data Accuracy (NSSDA)

Satellite Methods for Ionospheric Observations

Observations of the near-Earth space environment have increased significantly in the last two decades, particularly as the number of satellite systems and users increase. The ionosphere can have a strong impact on satellite systems and can also indicate space weather conditions. The observations of satellite radio beacons is a long standing method for measuring the ionospheric electron content. The application of computerized tomography has expanded the product available from these observations. Recently, new efforts have been made to incorporate other types of ionospheric observations, decrease the processing time and develop user applications. The product, near real-time ionospheric specification, is useful for those concerned with Earth space radio propagation or the near-Earth-space environment. This paper will discuss the requirements and operations of the existing satellite observation system. Several satellites will carry coherent, dual frequency beacons similar to those on existing satellites and there is some interest in developing new small satellites dedicated to ionospheric research via beacon broadcasts. The paper will outline the requirements for those satellites and briefly discuss implementation issues. The new role for the satellites has provided a unique opportunity to conduct long term observations of the ionosphere on a large scale. The implementation of the system and the applications is a challenging and interesting task