Voice Therapy For Transgender People

Transrodne osobe su osobe koje osjećaju nesklad između roda s kojim se poistovjećuju i spola u kojem su se rodili. Transrodnost je širok pojam i obuhvaća čitav spektar rodno nenormativnih identiteta. Dva glavna obrasca tranzicije prema drugom spolu, odnosno rodu su: Male-to-Female (MtF) i Female-to-Male (FtM). Transrodne osobe navode da ih njihov glas često “izdaje”, odnosno otkriva njihov biološki rod te predstavlja posljednju prepreku u potpuno uživljavanje u novu rodnu ulogu. Bez obzira na to, često nisu svjesni da se zbog glasa mogu obratiti logopedu. Cilj ovog preglednog rada je dati uvid u poremećaje glasa kod transrodnih osoba, odnosno opisati logopedsku procjenu te terapijske postupke, a sve u svrhu boljeg razumijevanja potreba ovih osoba.Transgender individuals are people who feel an incongruity between their self-identified gender and their birth gender. Transgenderism is a broad term and includes a spectrum of gender-nonconforming identities. The two main patterns of gender transition are Male-to-Female (MtF) and Female-to-Male (FtM).Transgender people often think their voice “betrays” them, i.e. it reveals their biological gender and represents the last obstacle to the individual’s full enjoyment of his/her new gender role. Regardless of this, many transgender individuals are not aware of the fact that they can go to speech and language pathologists (SLP) for therapy. The aim of this review article is to provide insight into the voice disorders of transgender people, i.e. to describe the assessment process and therapy protocols in hope of gaining a better understanding of the needs of this population

Biology of the recently introduced pine shoot beetle Tomicus piniperda (L.) (Coleoptera, scolytidae) in Southern Ontario

grantor: University of TorontoThis study examined the biology of an introduced species, the pine shoot beetle, Tomicus piniperda, in southern Ontario. Timing of spring emergence and colonization occurred in mid- to late-April or early-May, following a similar pattern as found previously in Europe. Emergence of the new generation occurred in late-July (heat sum of 1249.8 degree-days $>$ 0\sp\circC) and the adults fed in the shoots until mid-October. Production per gallery was negatively influenced only at high gallery densities (1996). Brood production was approximately 900-1000 beetles per m\sp2. Mortality of the juvenile stages was high (79% in 1996). Gallery density declined with increasing height on a given tree and with increasing tree diameter. Shoots with longer needles and larger diameters were preferred by adult beetles for feeding. The majority of the shoot-feeding by the new generation of beetles occurred in current-year shoots. Results indicate that European information may be used with confidence when creating management protocols.M.Sc

Habitat loss decreases predator-prey ratios in a pine-bark beetle system

Increasing intensity of land use by humans has led to loss of natural habitats, resulting in isolation of remaining habitat fragments. Using a pine-bark beetle ecosystem as a model, we tested the hypothesis that the ratio of abundance of predators to prey should decrease with increasing habitat loss at the landscape scale. We selected ten red pine (Pinus resinosa) sites, representing extremes of available habitat within a 2 km radius surrounding each stand. The bark beetle, Ips pini, and its coleopteran predators were sampled using baited multiple funnel traps. Effects of stand isolation were considerable; ratios of predators to prey (mean number of predators/number of prey ± SE) were significantly reduced in isolated stands (0.38 ± 0.09) as compared to those with large amounts of surrounding conifer habitat (1.63 ± 0.41). The decline in ratio occurred both because there was: a) a lower abundance of predators (ca 0.5-0.8 x) captured in isolated stands; and b) a significantly higher number of prey (ca 2.2 x) captured in isolated stands. Isolation or loss of habitat, therefore, differentially affected the two trophic levels, supporting theoretical predictions. Reductions in predator abundance and, presumably, enemy-caused mortality may lead to changes in the population dynamics of their prey species, possibly leading to increased outbreaks as habitat becomes increasingly isolated. Copyrigh

Managing biological invasions in urban environments with the acceptance sampling approach.

Detections of invasive species outbreaks are often followed by the removal of susceptible host organisms in order to slow the spread of the invading pest population. We propose the acceptance sampling approach for detection and optional removal of susceptible host trees to manage an outbreak of the emerald ash borer (EAB), a highly destructive forest pest, in Winnipeg, Canada. We compare the strategy with two common delimiting survey techniques that do not consider follow-up management actions such as host removal. Our results show that the management objective influences the survey strategy. The survey-only strategies maximized the capacity to detect new infestations and prioritized sites with high likelihood of being invaded. Comparatively, the surveys with subsequent host removal actions allocated most of the budget to sites where complete host removal would minimize the pest's ability to spread to uninvaded locations. Uncertainty about the pest's spread causes the host removal measures to cover a larger area in a uniform spatial pattern and extend to farther distances from already infested sites. If a decision maker is ambiguity-averse and strives to avoid the worst-case damages from the invasion, the optimal strategy is to survey more sites with high host densities and remove trees from sites at farther distances, where EAB arrivals may be uncertain, but could cause significant damage if not detected quickly. Accounting for the uncertainty about spread helps develop a more robust pest management strategy. The approach is generalizable and can support management programs for new pest incursions

Fluorine in pheromones:synthesis of fluorinated 12-dodecanolides as emerald ash borer pheromone mimetics

A series of five 12-dodecanolides have been synthesised containing CF2 groups at C5, C6, C7, C8 and in one case a double substitution at C5 & C8, as a strategy to bias the conformational space accessed by these macrocycles, and to assess if the analogues may act as mimetics for 12-decenolide pheromones associated with the Emerald Ash Borer. Accordingly individual syntheses of 5,5-difluoro- 5, 6,6-difluoro- 6, 7,7-difluoro- 7, 8,8-difluoro- 8 and 5,5,8,8-tetrafluoro- 9, 12-decanolides is outlined and X-ray structural data was obtained for three (5, 8 and 9) of these compounds. The structures show clearly that the CF2 groups occupy ‘corner’ locations in the macrocycle consistent with their ability to bias accessible conformations. The fluorine containing 12-dodecanolides all generated an electro-antennogram response in female beetles