Method validation and monitoring of emamectin benzoate in mature banana fruit with peel and pulp through Liquid chromatography-Mass spectrometry/ Mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)

Emamectin benzoate has been frequently used in the banana ecosystem to combat the damage of pseudostem weevil. Therefore, the present study was conducted to validate the method, to assess harvest time residues and monitor emamectin benzoate residues in mature banana peel and pulp samples through LC-MS/MS. The validated method was used to determine emamectin benzoate residue in market banana samples. The study used Waters Alliance LC and Acquity TQD with an electrospray ionization interface in the positive ion mode. An isocratic flow of 0.1% formic acid (HCOOH) in water and 0.1% HCOOH in acetonitrile (CH3CN) was utilised for separation. CH3CN was utilised to extract emamectin benzoate residue from the samples, and a dispersive solid-phase extraction technique was used for subsequent cleanup. Linearity tests were performed with standard solutions containing 0.01 to 0.1 g mL-1, with three replicates for each concentration. For mature banana peel & pulp and mature banana pulp matrices, satisfactory recoveries of 79.85 to 95.09% and 89.20 to 100.94%, respectively and high precision relative standard deviations of 0.56 to 2.34% and 2.33 to 6.88%, respectively were obtained. For mature banana (peel and pulp, pulp alone) fruits, the lower detection and quantification limits were (0.003, 0.008), and (0.002, 0.007). The validated approach was utilised to analyse mature banana fruit samples obtained from emamectin benzoate treated fields and banana samples purchased from the local market.  Results showed satisfactory validation of parameters like linearity, the limit of detection and quantification, and recovery for determining emamectin benzoate residues in banana fruit

Electrochemical performance of plant trace element incorporated silver nanoparticles synthesis from Datura metel L.

In our report, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were prepared from the leaf extract of Datura metel L. via the green synthesis method. Datura metel L. is a herbal medicinal plant from the Solanaceae family. The as‐prepared AgNPs were characterized using UV‐Vis spectrometer, X‐ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with Energy Dispersive X‐ray (EDAX) analysis. The peak appearance of a Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) at 415 nm suggested the creation of AgNPs in the UV‐Vis spectrum. The XRD pattern showed the face‐centered cubic crystal structure of AgNPs with organometallic complex phase. Based on the FTIR spectrum, the peaks revealed the existence of biomolecules. SEM images showed the shape of the clastic rocks and the EDAX profile authenticated the presence of Ag and plant trace element. The cyclic voltammetry, Chronopotentiometry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis were performed on an as‐prepared Ag electrode. A specific capacitance of 267.59 F/g at 0.5 A/g and a cyclic retention of 83.7% after 5000 charge‐discharge cycles were obtained. Hence, this material could be utilized in supercapacitor energy storage devices

Comparative Evaluation of Placement of Auragain, ProSeal and Protector Laryngeal Mask Airways using Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy: A Randomised Clinical Study

Introduction: Supraglottic Airway Devices (SAD) can be used instead of endotracheal intubation in both regular and complicated airway situations. Auragain, ProSeal and Protector Laryngeal Mask Airways (LMA) are second generation LMAs. They have a separate provision for gastric drainage. Auragain LMA is a recent second-generation Supra Glottic Airway device (SGA) with a pre-formed curved shaft and a double lumen having wider airway path to aid endotracheal intubation. ProSeal LMA also has a double cuff for better sealing to prevent gastric insufflation and aspiration. Protector LMA has two large-volume gastric drainage channels and an integrated cuff pressure indicator called the cuff pilot which enables application of higher respiratory pressure. Aim: To compare the adequacy of placement of Auragain, ProSeal and protector LMAs by vocal cord visualisation using fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Materials and Methods: A randomised clinical study was conducted in the Department of Anaesthesiology, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, from October 2021 to October 2022 among 120 patients. They were allocated by computer-generated random numbers into three groups namely Auragain, ProSeal and Protector LMA Group. The adequacy of placement of LMA through Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy (FOB) using Brimacombe and berry scoring, Oropharyngeal Leak Pressure (OLP), time of insertion of LMA, number of attempts for insertion, ease of insertion of LMA, Ryle’s tube insertion success rate and postoperative complications were recorded immediately, after an hour and 24 hour, respectively. Statistical analysis was performed using International Business Machines-Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (IBM-SPSS) software version 21.0. Results: The mean±Standard Deviation (SD) age in Auragain groups, ProSeal and Protector LMA groups was 41.35±12.96 years, 36.58±12.62 years and 36.65±12.50 years, respectively. The demographic data, procedures and duration of anaesthesia were comparable between the three groups. The mean insertion time (in seconds) was lower in the Auragain LMA group (16.80±3.66) when compared to protector LMA (20.20±6.93) and ProSeal LMA (21.68±4.44) with statistically significant difference (p-value<0.0001). The OLP (in cm H2O) was more with ProSeal LMA (34.43±5.26) than Protector LMA (32.60±3.45) and Auragain LMA (28.55±1.85) with statistically significant difference (p-value<0.0001). The fiberoptic view was better with ProSeal LMA and statistically significant with Grade 4 (p-value<0.0001) and Grade 3 (p-value=0.007). The three devices were comparable in terms of ease and success of insertion of LMA, ease of placement of gastric tube and postoperative symptoms. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the ProSeal LMA offers better airway access and safety despite being slightly difficult to insert compared to Ambu Auragain or Protector LMA

Topological Placement with Multiple Symmetry Groups of Devices for Analog Layout Design

Abstract – This paper presents an improved topological algorithm for device-level analog placement with symmetry constraints. Based on the exploration of symmetric-feasible sequence-pairs [1], the technique employs an efficient model of priority queue [3]. The use of this data structure entails a complexity of O(G·n log log n) for each code evaluation, where n and G are the numbers of devices and symmetry groups, which is better than the complexity of other existent topological placement algorithms supporting symmetry constraints. The computation times exhibited by this approach are significantly better than those of the algorithms using an exploration strategy based on the absolute representation, as well as those of other previous topological algorithms. 1

An empirical analysis of green technology innovation and ecological efficiency based on a greenhouse evolutionary ventilation algorithm fuzzy-model

The combination and convergence of energy-intensive industries developed by ecological factors based on energy clusters is discussed in this paper. Here, a few models for the prediction of greenhouse effects are used as a single type of modeling. In this model, the solar panel system is included as a measure of the greenhouse effect; Commitment Unit (CU) formulations are changed with flouted logic because solar integrations and other unknown variables are intermittent. In general, the greenhouse model with natural ventilation temperature prediction is incomplete, in which the resulting fluid logical CU problem can be solved with an evolutionary algorithm based on the definition and the theory of quantum calculation. This paper proposes a Fuzzy Model-Based Quantum Greenhouse Evolutionary Ventilation Algorithm (FM-BSQGEVA) which helps to minimize the CU problem. The QGEVA is updated to include a hierarchy-group-oriented scheme to tackle the non-linear nature of the issue and its multifaceted nature. The QGEVA is further developed to support a new binary differential operator and several genetic algorithm operators with a redefined rotational angle look-up. The chances that such operators are used on separate solutions are affected by stating the membership function based on their related fitness. The fitness function is calculated through a combination of the penalty function, objective function and the added fluid function. The models built can be used to regulate and control natural ventilation in greenhouse effects. This finding shows that an energy-intensive industrial cluster\u27s environmental chain of the industry has improved eco-efficiency

A prospective, randomized, double-blinded control study on comparison of tramadol, clonidine and dexmedetomidine for post spinal anesthesia shivering

Introduction: Shivering, a common intraoperative problem under spinal anesthesia increases the oxygen consumption considerably and is uncomfortable and distressing to the patient, anesthesiologist as well as surgeon. The present study was designed to explore the effectiveness of tramadol, clonidine and dexmedetomidine in the treatment of post spinal anesthesia shivering and to look for their adverse effects. Methods: This prospective, randomized, double blinded control study was done on 90 patients who developed shivering under spinal anesthesia. They were randomly allocated into three groups with Group T receiving tramadol 1 mg.kg−1, Group C getting clonidine 1 mcg.kg−1 and Group D patients receiving dexmedetomidine 0.5 mcg.kg−1. The time taken to control shivering, recurrence rate, hemodynamic variables, sedation score and adverse effects were observed. Results: Dexmedetomidine was faster in the control of shivering in 5.7 ± 0.79 minutes (min) whereas tramadol took 6.76 ± 0.93 min and clonidine was slower with 9.43 ± 0.93 min. The recurrence rate was much lower in the dexmedetomidine group with 3.3% than for clonidine (10%) and tramadol (23.3%) group. The sedation achieved with dexmedetomidine was better than clonidine and tramadol. The tramadol group had more cases of vomiting (four) and dexmedetomidine group had six cases of hypotension and two cases of bradycardia. Two of the clonidine patients encountered bradycardia and hypotension. Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine is better than tramadol and clonidine in the control of shivering because of its faster onset and less recurrence rate. Though complications are encountered in the dexmedetomidine group, they are treatable. Resumo: Introdução: O tremor, problema comum no período intraoperatório sob raquianestesia, aumenta consideravelmente o consumo de oxigênio, além de ser desconfortável e angustiante para o paciente, o anestesiologista e o cirurgião. O presente estudo foi concebido para explorar a eficácia de tramadol, clonidina e dexmedetomidina no tratamento de tremores pós-raquianestesia e observar seus efeitos adversos. Métodos: Este estudo prospectivo, randômico, controlado e duplo-cego foi realizado com 90 pacientes que desenvolveram tremores sob raquianestesia. Os pacientes foram randomicamente alocados em três grupos para receber 1 mg.kg−1 de tramadol (Grupo T), 1 mcg.kg−1 de clonidina (Grupo C) e 0,5 mcg.kg−1 de dexmedetomidina (Grupo D). O tempo necessário para controlar os tremores, a taxa de recorrência, as variáveis hemodinâmicas, os níveis de sedação e os efeitos adversos foram registrados. Resultados: Dexmedetomidina foi mais rápida para controlar os tremores, com tempo de 5,7 ± 0,79 minutos (min); o tempo de tramadol foi de 6,76 ± 0,93 min; clonidina foi mais lenta, com tempo de 9,43 ± 0,93 min. A taxa de recorrência foi muito menor no grupo dexmedetomidina (3,3%) que nos grupos clonidina (10%) e tramadol (23,3%). A sedação obtida com dexmedetomidina foi melhor que a obtida com clonidina e tramadol. O grupo tramadol teve mais casos de vômito (quatro); o grupo dexmedetomidina teve seis casos de hipotensão e dois casos de bradicardia. Dois pacientes do grupo clonidina apresentaram bradicardia e hipotensão. Conclusão: Dexmedetomidina foi melhor que tramadol e clonidina para o controlo de tremores devido ao seu início de ação mais rápido e taxa de recorrência mais baixa. Embora complicações tenham sido observadas no grupo dexmedetomidina, elas foram tratáveis. Keywords: Clonidine, Dexmedetomidine, Hypothermia, Shivering, Spinal anesthesia, Tramadol, Palavras-chave: Clonidina, Dexmedetomidina, Hipotermia, Tremor, Raquianestesia, Tramado