Performances Comparison of Si, GaAs and GaN based Resonant Tunneling Diode in Presence and Absence of Electric Field

The size, shape, and orientation of the lower lateral crural cartilages of the nose affect the aesthetic appearance of the lower nasal third and, at times, nasal airway function. The lower lateral crura should ideally be slightly concave in the anterior one-third and flat in the posterior two-thirds. More excessive convexity along the lower lateral crura is often seen in the boxy, bulbous, and parentheses tip deformities. The authors describe clinical evaluation and discuss management with scoring/cartilage weakening, lateral crural mattress suturing, interdomal/transdomal/lateral crural spanning sutures, dome division, lateral crural overlay, lateral crural turnover graft, lateral crural strut graft, and lower lateral crural reversal

Modeling Nasal Physiology Changes Due to Septal Perforations

OBJECTIVE: To use computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technology to help providers understand 1) how septal perforations may alter nasal physiology and 2) how these alterations are influenced by perforation size and location. STUDY DESIGN: Computer simulation study SETTING: Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery clinic SUBJECTS AND METHODS: With the aid of medical imaging and modeling software, septal perforations of 1 and 2 cm in anterior, posterior, and superior locations were virtually created in a nasal cavity digital model. CFD techniques were used to analyze airflow, nasal resistance, air conditioning, and wall shear stress. RESULTS: Bilateral nasal resistance was not significantly altered by a septal perforation. Airflow allocation changed, with more air flowing through the lower-resistance nasal cavity. This effect was greater for anterior and posterior perforations than for the superior location. At the perforation sites, there was less localized heat and moisture flux and wall shear stress in superior perforations compared to those in anterior or posterior locations. For anterior perforations, a larger size produced higher wall shear and velocity, while in posterior perforations a smaller size produced higher wall shear and velocity. CONCLUSIONS: Septal perforations may alter nasal physiology. In the subject studied, airflow allocation to each side was changed as air was shunted through the perforation to the lower-resistance nasal cavity. Anterior and posterior perforations caused larger effects than those in a superior location. Increasing the size of anterior perforations and decreasing the size of posterior perforations enhanced alterations in wall shear and velocity at the perforation