NEW TENDENCIES IN MARKETING

BACKGROUND: Vasospasm is the major cause of morbidity and mortality after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. It is well known that the vasoreactivity decreases with advancing age, but it is not well investigated in a large patient cohort whether, as a consequence, the incidence of vasospasm is lower in elderly patients. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether transcranial Doppler vasospasm, delayed ischemic neurological deficits, and vasospasm-associated ischemic lesions are less frequent in older patients. METHODS: Seven hundred fifty-eight patients who suffered from subarachnoid hemorrhage were included in this study. Clinical presentation, Hunt and Hess score, Fisher grade, incidence of vasospasm, neurological deficits and ischemic lesions on radiographic imaging, transcranial Doppler blood flow velocities, medical complications, and outcome were registered. RESULTS: Four hundred seventy-eight patients = 60 years of age were identified; 55.2% of the younger and 25.7% of the older age group developed post-hemorrhagic vasospasm (P = 60 years of age

Information support of strategic planning at the enterprise

In the domestic economy one of the key internal factors of difficulties in dealing with management issues is the lack of complete information about the current status of the external and internal environments, promising directions of development of the company, which is a consequence of the ineffective organization of the information security management

Droplet Spreading Process Impact on Ignition Characteristics of Condensed Materials

Mathematical simulation of condensed material solid-phase ignition in the context of the in-situ heating by the melted or heated to high temperature metal droplet was carried out. The authors developed the mathematical model that describes the heat transfer process in the "droplet – condensed material" system by the system of heat transfer equations with boundary and initial conditions. The problem is solved by the finite difference method. Four modes of condensed material ignition that are distinguished by the temperature range of every mode were identified for standard conditions of the in-situ heat effect

The Development of Neuroendocrine Disturbances over Time: Longitudinal Findings in Patients after Traumatic Brain Injury and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Previous reports suggest that neuroendocrine disturbances in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) or aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) may still develop or resolve months or even years after the trauma. We investigated a cohort of n = 168 patients (81 patients after TBI and 87 patients after SAH) in whom hormone levels had been determined at various time points to assess the course and pattern of hormonal insufficiencies. Data were analyzed using three different criteria: (1) patients with lowered basal laboratory values;(2) patients with lowered basal laboratory values or the need for hormone replacement therapy;(3) diagnosis of the treating physician. The first hormonal assessment after a median time of three months after the injury showed lowered hormone laboratory test results in 35% of cases. Lowered testosterone (23.1% of male patients), lowered estradiol (14.3% of female patients) and lowered insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) values (12.1%) were most common. Using Criterion 2, a higher prevalence rate of 55.6% of cases was determined, which correlated well with the prevalence rate of 54% of cases using the physicians' diagnosis as the criterion. Intraindividual changes (new onset insufficiency or recovery) were predominantly observed for the somatotropic axis (12.5%), the gonadotropic axis in women (11.1%) and the corticotropic axis (10.6%). Patients after TBI showed more often lowered IGF-I values at first testing, but normal values at follow-up (p < 0.0004). In general, most patients remained stable. Stable hormone results at follow-up were obtained in 78% (free thyroxine (fT4) values) to 94.6% (prolactin values)

The Development of Neuroendocrine Disturbances over Time: Longitudinal Findings in Patients after Traumatic Brain Injury and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Previous reports suggest that neuroendocrine disturbances in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) or aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) may still develop or resolve months or even years after the trauma. We investigated a cohort of n = 168 patients (81 patients after TBI and 87 patients after SAH) in whom hormone levels had been determined at various time points to assess the course and pattern of hormonal insufficiencies. Data were analyzed using three different criteria: (1) patients with lowered basal laboratory values;(2) patients with lowered basal laboratory values or the need for hormone replacement therapy;(3) diagnosis of the treating physician. The first hormonal assessment after a median time of three months after the injury showed lowered hormone laboratory test results in 35% of cases. Lowered testosterone (23.1% of male patients), lowered estradiol (14.3% of female patients) and lowered insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) values (12.1%) were most common. Using Criterion 2, a higher prevalence rate of 55.6% of cases was determined, which correlated well with the prevalence rate of 54% of cases using the physicians' diagnosis as the criterion. Intraindividual changes (new onset insufficiency or recovery) were predominantly observed for the somatotropic axis (12.5%), the gonadotropic axis in women (11.1%) and the corticotropic axis (10.6%). Patients after TBI showed more often lowered IGF-I values at first testing, but normal values at follow-up (p < 0.0004). In general, most patients remained stable. Stable hormone results at follow-up were obtained in 78% (free thyroxine (fT4) values) to 94.6% (prolactin values)

Using A High-Temperature Flue Gases in the Technology of Combustion Neutralization of Wastewater

This paper provides an analysis of composition of typical polluting contaminants of industrial wastewater. The study suggest industry branches, wastewater of which contains the greatest amount of organic flammable substanses (petroleum и oil). The present study was conducted to analyze an opportunity to replace fuel torch by the high-temperature flow of flue gases in the realization thermal treatment method (combustion neutralization)

Влияние полиненасыщенных жирных кислот на биохимическую активность комбинированной закваски

В данной работе представлены результаты культивирования комбинированнойзакваски, соотношение культур Lactobacillus helveticus 35-1 и Propionibakterium freudenreichii subsp. shermanii АС 2503 в которой 40:60, на обезжиренном молоке, с добавлением рыжикового масла. Подобрана оптимальная доза внесения рыжикового масла, обеспечивающая более высокую кислотообразующую способность и количество жизнеспособных клеток в комбинированной закваске