Relaxation of risk-sensitive behaviour of prey following disease-induced decline of an apex predator, the Tasmanian devil

Apex predators structure ecosystems through lethal and non-lethal interactions with prey, and their global decline is causing loss of ecological function. Behavioural changes of prey are some of the most rapid responses to predator decline and may act as an early indicator of cascading effects. The Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii), an apex predator, is undergoing progressive and extensive population decline, of more than 90% in long-diseased areas, caused by a novel disease. Time since local disease outbreak correlates with devil population declines and thus predation risk. We used hair traps and giving-up densities (GUDs) in food patches to test whether a major prey species of devils, the arboreal common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula), is responsive to the changing risk of predation when they forage on the ground. Possums spend more time on the ground, discover food patches faster and forage more to a lower GUD with increasing years since disease outbreak and greater devil population decline. Loss of top–down effects of devils with respect to predation risk was evident at 90% devil population decline, with possum behaviour indistinguishable from a devil-free island. Alternative predators may help to maintain risk-sensitive anti-predator behaviours in possums while devil populations remain low.No Full Tex

GUDdata_secondAnalysis_AFTERonly

This study investigated how the introduction of an apex predator, the Tasmanian devil, influenced the risk-sensitive foraging of a major prey species, the common brushtail possum. This data comes from the "after" period of a before-after control-impact giving-up densities foraging experiment. We used this part of the data to assess how the local activity of Tasmanian devils recorded on remote cameras influenced possum foraging behaviour. Please cite the published paper in Ecography (DOI: 10.1111/ecog.04635) as well as the data files on Dryad

GUDdata_mBACI

This study investigated how the introduction of an apex predator, the Tasmanian devil, influenced the risk-sensitive foraging of a major prey species, the common brushtail possum. Data comes from a before-after control-impact giving-up densities foraging experiment. Please cite the published paper in Ecography (DOI: 10.1111/ecog.04635) as well as the data files on Dryad

GUDdata_mBACI

This study investigated how the introduction of an apex predator, the Tasmanian devil, influenced the risk-sensitive foraging of a major prey species, the common brushtail possum. Data comes from a before-after control-impact giving-up densities foraging experiment. Please cite the published paper in Ecography (DOI: 10.1111/ecog.04635) as well as the data files on Dryad

GUDdata_secondAnalysis_AFTERonly

This study investigated how the introduction of an apex predator, the Tasmanian devil, influenced the risk-sensitive foraging of a major prey species, the common brushtail possum. This data comes from the "after" period of a before-after control-impact giving-up densities foraging experiment. We used this part of the data to assess how the local activity of Tasmanian devils recorded on remote cameras influenced possum foraging behaviour. Please cite the published paper in Ecography (DOI: 10.1111/ecog.04635) as well as the data files on Dryad

AusTraits: a curated plant trait database for the Australian flora

AusTraits is a transformative database, containing measurements on the traits of Australia's plant taxa, standardised from hundreds of disconnected primary sources. So far, data have been assembled from > 300 distinct sources, describing > 500 plant traits and > 34,000 taxa. To handle the harmonising of diverse data sources, we use a reproducible workflow to implement the various changes required for each source to reformat it suitable for incorporation in AusTraits. Such changes include restructuring datasets, renaming variables, changing variable units, changing taxon names. While this repository contains the harmonised data, the raw data and code used to build the resource are also available on the project's GitHub repository, https://github.com/traitecoevo/austraits.build/. Further information on the project is available at the project website austraits.org and in the associated publication (see below). CONTRIBUTORS The project is jointly led by Dr Daniel Falster (UNSW Sydney), Dr Rachael Gallagher (Western Sydney University), Dr Elizabeth Wenk (UNSW Sydney), and Dr Hervé Sauquet (Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Sydney), with input from > 300 contributors from over > 100 institutions (see full list above). The project was initiated by Dr Rachael Gallagher and Prof Ian Wright while at Macquarie University. We are grateful to the following institutions for contributing data Australian National Botanic Garden, Brisbane Rainforest Action and Information Network, Kew Botanic Gardens, National Herbarium of NSW, Northern Territory Herbarium, Queensland Herbarium, Western Australian Herbarium, South Australian Herbarium, State Herbarium of South Australia, Tasmanian Herbarium, Department of Environment Land Water and Planning Victoria and the Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. AusTraits has been supported by investment from the Australian Research Data Commons (ARDC), via their "Transformative data collections" (https://doi.org/10.47486/TD044) and "Data Partnerships" (https://doi.org/10.47486/DP720, https://doi.org/10.47486/DP720A) programs; and grants from the Australian Research Council (FT160100113, DE170100208, FT100100910) and Macquarie University, The ARDC is enabled by National Collaborative Research Investment Strategy (NCRIS). ACCESSING AND USE OF DATA The compiled AusTraits database is released under an open source licence (CC-BY), enabling re-use by the community. A requirement of use is that users cite the AusTraits resource paper, which includes all contributors as co-authors: Falster, Gallagher et al (2021) AusTraits, a curated plant trait database for the Australian flora. Scientific Data 8: 254, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-021-01006-6 In addition, we encourage users you to cite the original data sources, wherever possible. Note that under the license data may be redistributed, provided the attribution is maintained. The downloads below provide the data in two formats: austraits-X.X.X.zip: data in plain text format (.csv, .bib, .yml files). Suitable for anyone, including those using Python. austraits-X.X.X.rds: data as compressed R object. Suitable for users of R (see below). austraits-X.X.X-flattened.rds: contains a flattened version of the dataset for direct loading in R; all data tables are joined into a wider format austraits-X.X.X-flattened.parquet: contains a flattened version of the dataset in parquet format; all data tables are joined into a wider format  For R users, access and manipulation of data is assisted with the austraits R package. The package can both download data and provides examples and functions for running queries.STRUCTURE OF AUSTRAITS The compiled AusTraits database contains a series of relational tables and files. These elements include all the data, contextual information submitted with each contributed datasets, database schema, and trait definitions. The file dictionary.html provides the same information in textual format. Similar information is available at https://traitecoevo.github.io/traits.build-book/. CONTRIBUTING We envision AusTraits as an on-going collaborative community resource that: Increases our collective understanding the Australian flora; Facilitates accumulation and sharing of trait data; Builds a sense of community among contributors and users; and Aspires to fully transparent and reproducible research of the highest standard. As a community resource, we are very keen for people to contribute. Assembly of the database is managed on GitHub at https://github.com/traitecoevo/austraits.build/. Here are some of the ways you can contribute: Reporting Errors: If you notice a possible error in AusTraits, please post an issue on GitHub. Refining documentation: We welcome additions and edits that make using the existing data or adding new data easier for the community. Contributing new data: We gladly accept new data contributions to AusTraits. See full instructions on how to contribute at https://github.com/traitecoevo/austraits.build/. The AusTraits project received investment (https://doi.org/10.47486/TD044, https:// doi.org/10.47486/DP720, https://doi.org/10.47486/DP720A) from the Australian Research Data Commons (ARDC). The ARDC is funded by the National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy (NCRIS)