Rectification Performance of Antenna Coupled MIM Tunnel Diodes

This thesis studies the use of antenna coupled metal-insulator-metal (ACMIM) tunneling diodes for long wave infrared (LWIR) energy harvesting applications. Bow tie shaped ACMIM structures provide good polarization and bandwidth response, coupling the incident radiation to the demodulating MIM tunneling diode for power rectification. The use of geometric asymmetry at the junction (one tip flat, the other pointed) and the resulting electric field enhancement provides the necessary current-voltage (IV) relationship asymmetry. This geometric technique allows a simultaneous reduction in resistance and capacitance, improving frequency response. These results were confirmed by finite-element analysis of fabricated structures, and optimized for 10um LWIR radiation. During testing, the device IV plots became linear (yet responded better), due to the electric field formation of a shunt resistance across the junction. Equivalent circuit models of the ACMIM structure were developed to study the effects of this shunt and understand the increased performance through impedance matching

Eteokles in Spain? On Brecht’s Mein Bruder war ein Flieger

One of Bertolt Brecht’s most famous poems, Mein Bruder war ein Flieger, is often invoked as a manifesto for pacifist ideals, but some essential questions (who is the lyric I? what is the literal meaning of the poem?) have hardly received any attention. By evoking the poem’s nature as a Kinderlied, the context of its first publication, and its relationship with Brecht’s play Die Gewehre der Frau Carrar, this article tentatively identifies the source of its final pointe in a famous passage of Aeschylus’ Seven against Thebes, thereby suggesting—on the basis of textual comparisons—an example of far-reaching, ideological Antikerezeption in Brecht’s oeuvre, working all the way down to his Kalendergeschichten and to his Antigone

Hypophosphorylation of the architectural chromatin protein DEK in death-receptor-induced apoptosis revealed by the isotope coded protein label proteomic platform

During apoptosis nuclear morphology changes dramatically due to alterations of chromatin architecture and cleavage of structural nuclear proteins. To characterize early events in apoptotic nuclear dismantling we have performed a proteomic study of apoptotic nuclei. To this end we have combined a cell-free apoptosis system with a proteomic platform based on the differential isotopic labeling of primary amines with N -nicotinoyloxy-succinimide. We exploited the ability of this system to produce nuclei arrested at different stages of apoptosis to analyze proteome alterations which occur prior to or at a low level of caspase activation. We show that the majority of proteins affected at the onset of apoptosis are involved in chromatin architecture and RNA metabolism. Among them is DEK, an architectural chromatin protein which is linked to autoimmune disorders. The proteomic analysis points to the occurrence of multiple PTMs in early apoptotic nuclei. This is confirmed by showing that the level of phosphorylation of DEK is decreased following apoptosis induction. These results suggest the unexpected existence of an early crosstalk between cytoplasm and nucleus during apoptosis. They further establish a previously unrecognized link between DEK and cell death, which will prove useful in the elucidation of the physiological function of this protein.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/55852/1/5758_ftp.pd

Impaired working speed and executive functions as frontal lobe dysfunctions in young first-degree relatives of schizophrenic patients

The aim of the investigation was to detect neuropsychological markers, such as sustained and selective attention and executive functions, which contribute to the vulnerability to schizophrenia especially in young persons. Performance was assessed in 32 siblings and children of schizophrenic patients and 32 matched controls using Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Colour-Word-Interference-Test, Trail Making Test, and d2-Concentration-Test. The first-degree relatives showed certain impairments on all four tests, in particular, slower times on all time-limited tests. These results suggest the need for more time when completing neuropsychological tasks involving selected and focused attention, as well as cognitive flexibility, as a possible indicator of genetic vulnerability to schizophrenia

Depletion of Human Histone H1 Variants Uncovers Specific Roles in Gene Expression and Cell Growth

At least six histone H1 variants exist in somatic mammalian cells that bind to the linker DNA and stabilize the nucleosome particle contributing to higher order chromatin compaction. In addition, H1 seems to be actively involved in the regulation of gene expression. However, it is not well known whether the different variants have distinct roles or if they regulate specific promoters. We have explored this by inducible shRNA-mediated knock-down of each of the H1 variants in a human breast cancer cell line. Rapid inhibition of each H1 variant was not compensated for by changes of expression of other variants. Microarray experiments have shown a different subset of genes to be altered in each H1 knock-down. Interestingly, H1.2 depletion caused specific effects such as a cell cycle G1-phase arrest, the repressed expression of a number of cell cycle genes, and decreased global nucleosome spacing. On its side, H1.4 depletion caused cell death in T47D cells, providing the first evidence of the essential role of an H1 variant for survival in a human cell type. Thus, specific phenotypes are observed in breast cancer cells depleted of individual histone H1 variants, supporting the theory that distinct roles exist for the linker histone variants

A Close Eye on the Eagle-Eyed Visual Acuity Hypothesis of Autism

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have been associated with sensory hypersensitivity. A recent study reported visual acuity (VA) in ASD in the region reported for birds of prey. The validity of the results was subsequently doubted. This study examined VA in 34 individuals with ASD, 16 with schizophrenia (SCH), and 26 typically developing (TYP). Participants with ASD did not show higher VA than those with SCH and TYP. There were no substantial correlations of VA with clinical severity in ASD or SCH. This study could not confirm the eagle-eyed acuity hypothesis of ASD, or find evidence for a connection of VA and clinical phenotypes. Research needs to further address the origins and circumstances associated with altered sensory or perceptual processing in ASD

Chromatin Structure Following UV-Induced DNA Damage—Repair or Death?

In eukaryotes, DNA is compacted into a complex structure known as chromatin. The unravelling of DNA is a crucial step in DNA repair, replication, transcription and recombination as this allows access to DNA for these processes. Failure to package DNA into the nucleosome, the individual unit of chromatin, can lead to genomic instability, driving a cell into apoptosis, senescence, or cellular proliferation. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation damage causes destabilisation of chromatin integrity. UV irradiation induces DNA damage such as photolesions and subjects the chromatin to substantial rearrangements, causing the arrest of transcription forks and cell cycle arrest. Highly conserved processes known as nucleotide and base excision repair (NER and BER) then begin to repair these lesions. However, if DNA repair fails, the cell may be forced into apoptosis. The modification of various histones as well as nucleosome remodelling via ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling complexes are required not only to repair these UV-induced DNA lesions, but also for apoptosis signalling. Histone modifications and nucleosome remodelling in response to UV also lead to the recruitment of various repair and pro-apoptotic proteins. Thus, the way in which a cell responds to UV irradiation via these modifications is important in determining its fate. Failure of these DNA damage response steps can lead to cellular proliferation and oncogenic development, causing skin cancer, hence these chromatin changes are critical for a proper response to UV-induced injury

Brexit and the consequences for British football on the example of Leicester City

Diese Arbeit thematisiert welche Auswirkungen der Brexit generell auf Großbritannien und ganz explizit auf den britischen Fußball hat. Dabei werden die möglichen Folgen und die damit verbundenen Veränderungen dargestellt und am Beispiel des englischen Fußballmeisters 2016, Leicester City, erklärt. Es werden Möglichkeiten erörtert wie die Fußballverbände auf die Auswirkungen reagieren könntenThis thesis issues the consequences Brexit has for Great Britain in general and specifically for British football. The possible effects and following changes are going to be explained on the example of the Premier League Champion 2016, Leicester City. Possibilities on how the football associations could react to these consequences are going to be debate