Quenching for discretizations of a semilinear parabolic equation with nonlinear boundary outflux

In this paper, we study numerical approximations of a semilinear parabolic problem in one-dimension, of which the nonlinearity appears both in source term and in Neumann boundary condition. By a semidiscretization using finite difference method, we obtain a system of ordinary differential equations which is an approximation of the original problem. We obtain some conditions under which the positive solution of our system quenches in a finite time and estimate its semidiscrete quenching time. Convergence of the numerical quenching time to the theoretical one is established. Next, we show that the quenching rate of the numerical scheme is different from the continuous one. Finally, we give some numerical results to illustrate our analysis

Caractéristiques Nutritionnelles D’un Pâturage de Jachère Dans la Savane de Korhogo, au Nord de la Côte d’Ivoire

Despite the abundance of pastures in Karakoro, a region of Korhogo, in the north of Côte d'Ivoire, signs of undernourishment are observed in the animals, towards the end of the rainy season (rainy season). A study of the forage value of the pasture and its variation between the 5th and 11th week of regrowth was carried out. Bromatological analyzes completed by the study of digestibility by the use of sheep in digestibility cages were carried out. During this period, the calcium content evolved from 2.1 going to 0.4 g / kg DM while that of phosphorus remained stable (3.1 g / kg DM). That of potassium varied between 0.1 and 0.4 g / kg DM. The digestibility of the dry matter (DM) of the forage has been reduced from 55.5 to 50%. The net energy value of the grass during the 7 weeks of study increased from 0.67 to 0.63 UFL (Milk Forage Unit) and 0.56 to 0.47 UFV (Meat Forage Unit). Crude protein in grass tends to decrease with age (76.0 to 56.9 g / kg DM for MAT and 57.0 to 22.0 g / kg DM for MAD of weeks 5 to 11. Although of good energy value, this pasture, composed mainly of the forage species Andropogon gayanus Kunth (Poaceae) is particularly poor in calcium and phosphorus. This pasture can only be used for extensive production Their nutritional value can nevertheless be improved by a judicious and consequent supplementation in minerals (powder or lick stone), and especially in nitrogen. Malgré l'abondance des pâturages à Karakoro, une région de Korhogo, au nord de la Côte d'Ivoire, des signes de sous-alimentation sont observés chez les animaux, vers la fin de l'hivernage (saison des pluies). Une étude de la valeur fourragère du pâturage et de sa variation entre la 5e et la 11e semaine de repousse a été réalisée. Des analyses bromatologiques complétées par l’étude de la digestibilité par l’utilisation de moutons en cages de digestibilité ont été faites. Durant cette période, la teneur en calcium a évolué de 2,1 allant à 0,4 g/kg MS tandis que celle en phosphore est restée stable (3,1 g/kg MS). Celle du potassium a varié entre 0,1 et 0,4 g/kg MS. La digestibilité de la matière sèche (MS) du fourrage est passée de 55,5 à 50 %. La valeur énergétique nette de l'herbe au cours des 7 semaines d'étude est passée de 0,67 à 0,63 UFL (Unité Fourragère Lait) et 0,56 à 0,47 UFV (Unité Fourragère Viande). Les protéines brutes contenues dans l'herbe ont tendance à baisser en fonction de l'âge (de 76,0 à 56,9 g/kg MS pour les MAT et 57,0 à 22,0 g/kg MS pour les MAD de la 5e à la 11e semaine. Bien que de bonne valeur énergétique, ce pâturage, composé principalement de l’espèce fourragère Andropogon gayanus Kunth (Poaceae) est particulièrement pauvre en calcium et en phosphore. Ce pâturage ne peut servir qu'à une production extensive de viande. Leur valeur nutritionnelle peut néanmoins être améliorée par une complémentation judicieuse et conséquente en minéraux (poudre ou pierre à lécher), et surtout en azote

Logique et stratégies d’intégration des villages Ébrié à la métropole d’Abidjan

The objective continued by these works of students of the IGT is to notice modes of fundamental management in confrontation between the city and villages. The present study exposes results of researches led on state strategies of land mastery for the urbanization of Abidjan, and reactions of native customary owners.L’objectif poursuivi par ces travaux d’étudiants de l’IGT est de relever les modes de gestion foncière en confrontation entre la ville et les villages. La présente étude expose les résultats de recherches menées sur les stratégies étatiques de maîtrise foncière pour l’urbanisation d’Abidjan, ainsi que les réactions des propriétaires coutumiers autochtones.Botti-Bitrayie Cyrille, Kouakou Diby Martin. Logique et stratégies d’intégration des villages Ébrié à la métropole d’Abidjan. In: Cahiers Nantais, n°51, 1999. Géographie ivoirienne. pp. 19-23

Modèle et assignation pour une désambiguïsation du lexique

Model and Assignment for Lexicon Disambiguation Any communication shall relate to the parties from whom it requires cooperation and contribution. In this sense, communication is optimal only when it is cooperative or contributory. But some sentences or phrases called ambiguous make this task quite complex. The interlocutor is then asked to choose between at least two possible interpretations. So how does the interlocutor manage to opt for one interpretation against another? The aim of this study is to propose models and assignments as satisfactory ways of dealing with ambiguities. To do this, we submitted a corpus of 100 sentences elaborated in French, to Baoulé speakers for a translation in this language. If we consider for example, in an isolated way the baoulé sentence [kófī sū sí àblé] which can be gloated by "Koffi dance" or " Koffi hits the corn ", we realize that communication becomes non-contributory because the receiver will have difficulty in choosing the proper interpretation. Being syntactic and semantic, the ambiguity will be treated from the angle of interpretation (meaning) since all syntax aims to convey a message that is endowed with meaning. Models and assignments provide useful information for this purpose. Indeed, in the model, area A identifies all potential individuals affected by the statement. The semantic value of a predicate constant is then an F function of an individual or set of individuals, depending on the arity of the predicate. However, this model for interpreting the constants of individuals does not associate the variables on which the ambiguity may sometimes be based. It could be personal pronouns or common names. It is at this level that the assignment finds its interest. Through the function g, a value of the domain A is assigned to the variable in order to conduct the interpretation

La crise de l’assignation du genre grammatical : quand l’usage défie la norme

This contribution is a reflection on the current passionate debate about grammatical gender in the French language. It aims to show that the activists of gender parity and respect for minority rights (feminists, sexists, etc.) engage in their discourses with new practices and new grammatical and socio-discursive uses that ring the crisis of the norm, in the form of an unacknowledged lawsuit, regarding the grammatical categorization of gender. The article therefore questions current grammatical issues grappling with sociolinguistic uses that are increasingly refractory to norms and traditions (cultural, linguistic, social, etc.).Cette contribution est une réflexion sur le débat actuel autour du genre grammatical dans la langue française. Elle vise à montrer que les militants de la parité des genres et du respect des droits des minorités (féministes, sexistes, etc.) charrient dans leurs discours de nouvelles pratiques et de nouveaux usages grammaticaux et socio-discursifs qui sonnent la crise de la norme, sous la forme d’un procès inavoué, en ce qui concerne la catégorisation grammaticale du genre. L’article interroge donc les problématiques grammaticales actuelles aux prises avec des usages sociolinguistiques de plus en plus réfractaires à la norme et aux traditions (culturelles, linguistiques, sociales, etc.

Catalysis and Inhibition in the Electrochemical Reduction of CO 2 on Platinum in the Presence of Protonated Pyridine. New Insights into Mechanisms and Products

International audienc

Caractéristiques Nutritionnelles D’un Pâturage de Jachère Dans la Savane de Korhogo, au Nord de la Côte d’Ivoire

Despite the abundance of pastures in Karakoro, a region of Korhogo, in the north of Côte d'Ivoire, signs of undernourishment are observed in the animals, towards the end of the rainy season (rainy season). A study of the forage value of the pasture and its variation between the 5th and 11th week of regrowth was carried out. Bromatological analyzes completed by the study of digestibility by the use of sheep in digestibility cages were carried out. During this period, the calcium content evolved from 2.1 going to 0.4 g / kg DM while that of phosphorus remained stable (3.1 g / kg DM). That of potassium varied between 0.1 and 0.4 g / kg DM. The digestibility of the dry matter (DM) of the forage has been reduced from 55.5 to 50%. The net energy value of the grass during the 7 weeks of study increased from 0.67 to 0.63 UFL (Milk Forage Unit) and 0.56 to 0.47 UFV (Meat Forage Unit). Crude protein in grass tends to decrease with age (76.0 to 56.9 g / kg DM for MAT and 57.0 to 22.0 g / kg DM for MAD of weeks 5 to 11. Although of good energy value, this pasture, composed mainly of the forage species Andropogon gayanus Kunth (Poaceae) is particularly poor in calcium and phosphorus. This pasture can only be used for extensive production Their nutritional value can nevertheless be improved by a judicious and consequent supplementation in minerals (powder or lick stone), and especially in nitrogen. Malgré l'abondance des pâturages à Karakoro, une région de Korhogo, au nord de la Côte d'Ivoire, des signes de sous-alimentation sont observés chez les animaux, vers la fin de l'hivernage (saison des pluies). Une étude de la valeur fourragère du pâturage et de sa variation entre la 5e et la 11e semaine de repousse a été réalisée. Des analyses bromatologiques complétées par l’étude de la digestibilité par l’utilisation de moutons en cages de digestibilité ont été faites. Durant cette période, la teneur en calcium a évolué de 2,1 allant à 0,4 g/kg MS tandis que celle en phosphore est restée stable (3,1 g/kg MS). Celle du potassium a varié entre 0,1 et 0,4 g/kg MS. La digestibilité de la matière sèche (MS) du fourrage est passée de 55,5 à 50 %. La valeur énergétique nette de l'herbe au cours des 7 semaines d'étude est passée de 0,67 à 0,63 UFL (Unité Fourragère Lait) et 0,56 à 0,47 UFV (Unité Fourragère Viande). Les protéines brutes contenues dans l'herbe ont tendance à baisser en fonction de l'âge (de 76,0 à 56,9 g/kg MS pour les MAT et 57,0 à 22,0 g/kg MS pour les MAD de la 5e à la 11e semaine. Bien que de bonne valeur énergétique, ce pâturage, composé principalement de l’espèce fourragère Andropogon gayanus Kunth (Poaceae) est particulièrement pauvre en calcium et en phosphore. Ce pâturage ne peut servir qu'à une production extensive de viande. Leur valeur nutritionnelle peut néanmoins être améliorée par une complémentation judicieuse et conséquente en minéraux (poudre ou pierre à lécher), et surtout en azote

Analysis of the temporal variability of CO 2 , CH 4 and CO concentrations at Lamto, West Africa

International audienceThe 10-year observations of the atmospheric molar fractions of CO2, CH4 and CO in West Africa were analyzed using a high precision measurement of the Lamto (LTO) station (6°31 N and 5°02 W) in Côte d’Ivoire. At daily scale, high concentrations appear at night with significant peaks around 7 a.m. local time and minimum concentrations in the afternoon for CO2 and CH4. The CO concentrations show two peaks around 8 h and 20 h corresponding to the maximum in road traffic of a northern motorway located 14 km from the station. The long-term increase rates of CH4 (∼7 ppb year−1) and CO2 (∼2.24 ppm year−1) at Lamto are very close to global trends. The variations of the concentrations of the three gases show strong seasonality with a peak in January for all gases and minima in September for CO2 and CH4, and in June for CO. The CO variation suggests a significant impact of fires on the CO, CO2 and CH4 anomalies in the Lamto region during the dry season (December to February). CO and CH4 show strong correlations (at synoptic-scale and monthly based) in January (r = 0.84), February (r = 0.90), April (r = 0.74), November (r = 0.79) and December (r = 0.72) reflecting similar sources of emission for both gases. The trajectories of polluted air masses at LTO, also indicate continental sources of emission associated with Harmattan winds

The complex health seeking pathway of a human African trypanosomiasis patient in Côte d'Ivoire underlines the need of setting up passive surveillance systems.

BackgroundSignificant efforts to control human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) over the two past decades have resulted in drastic decrease of its prevalence in Côte d'Ivoire. In this context, passive surveillance, integrated in the national health system and based on clinical suspicion, was reinforced. We describe here the health-seeking pathway of a girl who was the first HAT patient diagnosed through this strategy in August 2017.MethodsAfter definitive diagnosis of this patient, epidemiological investigations were carried out into the clinical evolution and the health and therapeutic itinerary of the patient before diagnosis.ResultsAt the time of diagnosis, the patient was positive in both serological and molecular tests and trypanosomes were detected in blood and cerebrospinal fluid. She suffered from important neurological disorders. The first disease symptoms had appeared three years earlier, and the patient had visited several public and private peripheral health care centres and hospitals in different cities. The failure to diagnose HAT for such a long time caused significant health deterioration and was an important financial burden for the family.ConclusionThis description illustrates the complexity of detecting the last HAT cases due to complex diagnosis and the progressive disinterest and unawareness by both health professionals and the population. It confirms the need of implementing passive surveillance in combination with continued sensitization and health staff training

Characteristics of HIV-2 and HIV-1/HIV-2 Dually Seropositive Adults in West Africa Presenting for Care and Antiretroviral Therapy: The IeDEA-West Africa HIV-2 Cohort Study.

HIV-2 is endemic in West Africa. There is a lack of evidence-based guidelines on the diagnosis, management and antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV-2 or HIV-1/HIV-2 dual infections. Because of these issues, we designed a West African collaborative cohort for HIV-2 infection within the framework of the International epidemiological Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA).We collected data on all HIV-2 and HIV-1/HIV-2 dually seropositive patients (both ARV-naive and starting ART) and followed-up in clinical centres in the IeDEA-WA network including a total of 13 clinics in five countries: Benin, Burkina-Faso Côte d'Ivoire, Mali, and Senegal, in the West Africa region.Data was merged for 1,754 patients (56% female), including 1,021 HIV-2 infected patients (551 on ART) and 733 dually seropositive for both HIV-1 and HIV 2 (463 on ART). At ART initiation, the median age of HIV-2 patients was 45.3 years, IQR: (38.3-51.7) and 42.4 years, IQR (37.0-47.3) for dually seropositive patients (p = 0.048). Overall, 16.7% of HIV-2 patients on ART had an advanced clinical stage (WHO IV or CDC-C). The median CD4 count at the ART initiation is 166 cells/mm(3), IQR (83-247) among HIV-2 infected patients and 146 cells/mm(3), IQR (55-249) among dually seropositive patients. Overall, in ART-treated patients, the CD4 count increased 126 cells/mm(3) after 24 months on ART for HIV-2 patients and 169 cells/mm(3) for dually seropositive patients. Of 551 HIV-2 patients on ART, 5.8% died and 10.2% were lost to follow-up during the median time on ART of 2.4 years, IQR (0.7-4.3).This large multi-country study of HIV-2 and HIV-1/HIV-2 dual infection in West Africa suggests that routine clinical care is less than optimal and that management and treatment of HIV-2 could be further informed by ongoing studies and randomized clinical trials in this population