A New Anatomically Based Nomenclature for the Roots and Root Canals—Part 1: Maxillary Molars

Numerous terminologies have been employed in the dental literature to describe the roots and root canal systems of maxillary molars. This multiplicity in naming of roots and canals makes the reader susceptible to misinterpretation and confusion. No consensus thus far has been arrived at for defining the names of roots and root canals in maxillary molars, including their various morphological aberrations. The anatomical relation of roots and their root canals were identified and were subsequently named based on definite sets of criteria. A new method for identification and naming of roots and root canal anatomy in maxillary molars, based on their root and canal relationship, was formulated and is presented in this paper. The nomenclature makes certain essential modifications to the traditional approach to accommodate naming of the various aberrations presented in the maxillary molars. A simple, yet extensive, nomenclature system has been proposed that appropriately names the internal and external morphology of maxillary molars

Das gedruckte Wort in Asien

l. Asiens christlicher JournalistJedes dieser drei Wörter bietet Stoff zum Nachdenken. Unser Hauptaugenmerk,Gegenstand unserer Überlegungen und unser Arbeitsgebiet ist Asien. Die erste Forderung ist deshalb, Asien zu begreifen. Was ist Asien? Geschichtlich ist es ein Kontinent sehr alter Kulturen, die Heimat von Weltreligionen wie Buddhismus, Hinduismus, Konfuzianismus usw. Geografisch ist Asien der Welt größter Kontinent. Wirtschaftlich ist es ein Gebiet der Armut, Arbeitslosigkeit und Unterentwicklung. Politisch ein Mosaik aller möglichen Regierungsformen, die von der Diktatur bis zur Demokratie reichen. Demografisch ist es die Heimat zweier Drittel der Weltbevölkerung, die in einem beängstigenden Tempo explodiert. Kulturell ist es eine Sammlung von Nationen, die in ihrem Wachstum durch die westliche Kolonialisierung und Ausbeutung verkümmert sind. (...) EnglishThe Christian journalist in Asia has first of all to understand Asia. At the same time, he needs a clear understanding of the profession of a journalist. Together with this goes the conviction of being a christian. He should try to know his readership and should understand that there is, up till now, ghetto mentality of the christian press that should be overcome. The author is of the opinion that the christian press in its present stage in Asia, has somehow to die and rise again to fulfill its purpose to serve the total man. He pleas for a secular press inspired by christianity as a step towards Evangelization

A New Anatomically Based Nomenclature for the Roots and Root Canals—Part 2: Mandibular Molars

Several terminologies have been employed in the dental literature to describe the roots and root canal systems of mandibular molars with no consensus being arrived at, thus far. The anatomical relation of roots and their root canals were identified and a naming system was formulated. The proposed nomenclature attempts to make certain essential modifications to the traditional approach to accommodate the naming of various aberrations presented in mandibular molars. A simple, yet extensive nomenclature system has been proposed that appropriately names the internal and external morphology of mandibular molars

New Promises and Challenges on Inflammation and Atherosclerosis: Insights From CANTOS and CIRT Trials

open2siAtherosclerosis is still a great burden on human health and scientific achievements of the past 30 years have definitively proven the inflammatory causes of the disease (1, 2) highlighted by the results of the CANTOS trial (3). Canakinumab inhibition of interleukin-1 (IL1)-beta has been demonstrated to provide protection against cardiovascular (CV) risk irrespective of lipid levels in a cohort of patients with high C–reactive protein (CRP) levels despite achieving blood lipid control, as measured by high sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hsCRP) (3). The final demonstration of atherosclerosis as an inflammatory-driven pathology is driving research toward new anti-inflammatory approaches that could influence the natural history of the disease and change the clinical paradigms of therapy. Considering the costs of canakinumab and exploiting different avenues of anti-inflammatory therapies, a more affordable approach has been proposed by the authors of the CANTOS study (4).openPalmer, Raymond; Vaccarezza, MauroPalmer, Raymond; Vaccarezza, Maur

Short-term memory for emotional faces in dysphoria

The study aimed to determine if the memory bias for negative faces previously demonstrated in depression and dysphoria generalises from long- to short-term memory. A total of 29 dysphoric (DP) and22 non-dysphoric (ND) participants were presented with a series of faces and asked to identify the emotion portrayed (happiness, sadness, anger, or neutral affect). Following a delay, four faces were presented (the original plus three distractors) and participants were asked to identify the target face. Half of the trials assessed memory for facial emotion, and the remaining trials examined memory for facial identity. At encoding, no group differences were apparent. At memory testing, relative to ND participants, DP participants exhibited impaired memory for all types of facial emotion and for facial identity when the faces featured happiness, anger, or neutral affect, but not sadness. DP participants exhibited impaired identity memory for happy faces relative to angry, sad, and neutral, whereas ND participants exhibited enhanced facial identity memory when faces were angry. In general, memory for faces was not related to performance at encoding. However, in DP participants only, memory for sad faces was related to sadness recognition at encoding. The results suggest that the negative memory bias for faces in dysphoria does not generalise from long- to short-term memory

Root Canal Anatomy of Maxillary and Mandibular Teeth

It is a common knowledge that a comprehensive understanding of the complexity of the internal anatomy of teeth is imperative to ensure successful root canal treatment. The significance of canal anatomy has been emphasized by studies demonstrating that variations in canal geometry before cleaning, shaping, and obturation procedures had a greater effect on the outcome than the techniques themselves. In recent years, significant technological advances for imaging teeth, such as CBCT and micro-CT, respectively, have been introduced. Their noninvasive nature allows to perform in vivo anatomical studies using large populations to address the influence of several variables such as ethnicity, aging, gender, and others, on the root canal anatomy, as well as to evaluate, quantitatively and/or qualitatively, specific and fine anatomical features of a tooth group. The purpose of this chapter is to summarize the morphological aspects of the root canal anatomy published in the literature of all groups of teeth and illustrate with three-dimensional images acquired from micro-CT technology.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Smiles in face matching : idiosyncratic information revealed through a smile improves unfamiliar face matching performance

Unfamiliar face matching is a surprisingly difficult task, yet we often rely on people’s matching decisions in applied settings (e.g., border control). Most attempts to improve accuracy (including training and image manipulation) have had very limited success. In a series of studies, we demonstrate that using smiling rather than neutral pairs of images brings about significant improvements in face matching accuracy. This is true for both match and mismatch trials, implying that the information provided through a smile helps us detect images of the same identity as well as distinguishing between images of different identities. Study 1 compares matching performance when images in the face pair display either an open-mouth smile or a neutral expression. In Study 2, we add an intermediate level, closed-mouth smile, to identify the effect of teeth being exposed, and Study 3 explores face matching accuracy when only information about the lower part of the face is available. Results demonstrate that an open-mouth smile changes the face in an idiosyncratic way which aids face matching decisions. Such findings have practical implications for matching in the applied context where we typically use neutral images to represent ourselves in official documents

Antibody decay, T cell immunity and breakthrough infections following two SARS-CoV-2 vaccine doses in infliximab- and vedolizumab-treated patients

We report SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-induced immunity and risk of breakthrough infections in patients with inflammatory bowel disease treated with infliximab, a commonly used anti-TNF drug and those treated with vedolizumab, a gut-specific antibody targeting integrin a4b7 that does not impact systemic immunity. In infliximab-treated patients, the magnitude of anti-SARS-CoV2 antibodies was reduced 4-6-fold. One fifth of both infliximab- and vedolizumab-treated patients did not mount a T cell response. Antibody half-life was shorter in infliximab-treated patients. Breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections occurred more frequently in infliximab-treated patients and the risk was predicted by the level of antibody response after second vaccine dose. Overall, recipients of two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine had higher anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody concentrations, higher seroconversion rates, shorter antibody half-life and less breakthrough infections compared to ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine recipients. Irrespective of biologic treatment, higher, more sustained antibody levels were observed in patients with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection prior to vaccination. Patients treated with anti-TNF therapy should be offered third vaccine doses

Independence of face identity and expression processing: exploring the role of motion

According to the classic Bruce and Young (1986) model of face recognition, identity and emotional expression information from the face are processed in parallel and independently. Since this functional model was published, a growing body of research has challenged this viewpoint and instead support an interdependence view. In addition, neural models of face processing (Haxby, Hoffman & Gobbini, 2000) emphasise differences in terms of the processing of changeable and invariant aspects of faces. This article provides a critical appraisal of this literature and discusses the role of motion in both expression and identity recognition and the intertwined nature of identity, expression and motion processing. We conclude, by discussing recent advancements in this area and research questions that still need to be addressed

Protocadherin PCDH10, Involved in Tumor Progression, Is a Frequent and Early Target of Promoter Hypermethylation in Cervical Cancer

Cervical cancer (CC) is the second most common cancer in women. Currently, no tractable molecular-based therapeutic targets exist for patients with invasive CC and no predictive markers of risk assessment for progression of precancerous lesions are identified. New molecular insights into CC pathogenesis are urgently needed. Towards this goal, we first determined the copy number alterations of chromosome 4 and then examined the role of PCDH10 mapped to 4q28 as a candidate tumor suppressor gene. We identified monosomy 4 in 47% of 81 invasive CC studied by SNP array and found that 91% of 130 invasive CC harboring methylation in the promoter region of the PCDH10 gene. We then showed that aberrant promoter hypermethylation of PCDH10 is associated with downregulation of gene expression and cell lines exposed to demethylating agent resulted in profound reactivated gene expression. We also showed that the promoter methylation in the PCDH10 gene occurs at an earliest identifiable stage of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion. Our studies demonstrate that inactivation of PCDH10 may be a critical event in CC progression and form a potentially useful therapeutic target for CC