Russlands Polizei - Reform oder neues Geschäftsmodell

Die russische Polizei genießt bei der Bevölkerung nur ein geringes Vertrauen. Zu den größten Problemen der Polizei zählen Militarisierung, Intransparenz und die Verfolgung von privaten Wirtschaftsinteressen, oft in Verbindung mit Korruption. Die bisherigen Polizeireformen zielten alle nicht auf eine Verbesserung der Sicherheit für die einfache Bevölkerung. Stattdessen versucht die politische Führung, die eigene Kontrolle über die Polizei zu stärken. Ernsthafte Reformen würden jedoch die Auseinandersetzung mit den tiefer liegenden Problemen verlangen

Ansichten der Elite Rußlands über den Westen im Kontext der Systemtransformation

'Das Verhältnis der Elite Rußlands zum Westen ist ein Problem, das bereits einige Jahrhunderte lang aktuell ist und in den verschiedenen Phasen der Geschichte seine jeewilige Spezifik hatte, die von der außen- und innenpolitischen Situation abhing. Doch bei allen historischen Veränderungen ist eines konstant geblieben: Die Frage nach dem Verhältnis zum Westen war mit dem Kampf der verschiedenen politischen Parteien und Gruppen verbunden. Im 19. Jahrhundert waren dies die 'Westler' und die 'Slawophilen', 1998 sind es die 'Kommunisten' und 'Demokraten'. Konstant bleibt auch die 'Plattform' des Kampfes, d.h. der Problemkreis, um den sich der politische Kampf dreht. Der Bericht basiert auf verschiedenen Informationsquellen. Dies sind Ergebnisse der Meinungsumfrage von 200 Vertretern der Elite über die Entwicklungswege Rußlands im Kontext seines Verhältnisses zum Westen; die Ergebnisse einer Kontentanalyse politischer Programme von 40 Parteien; Antworten von 15 Vertretern der intellektuellen Elite auf eine spezielle Meinungsumfrage 'Rußland und der Westen'; Pressematerialien über die wirtschaftlichen und politischen Wechselbeziehungen zwischen Rußland und dem Westen.' (Textauszug)'The Russian elite's relationship with the West is a problem that has already been ongoing for several centuries and has taken on different specific characteristics in the various phases of history, depending on the domestic and international political situation at the time. But for all the changes it has undergone in the course of history, one thing has remained the same: the question as to the correct relationship with the West has always been linked with the struggle between the various political parties and groups of the day. In the 19th century these were the 'Westernizers' and the 'Slavophiles', in 1998 they are the 'Communists' and the 'Democrats'. Another thing that has remained constant is the 'platform' for that struggle, i.e. the gamut of problems around which the political battle circles. The report is based on various information sources. These comprise the results of an opinion poll conduced among 200 representatives of the elite on questions concerning the possible courses of Russia's developemnt in the context of its relationship with the West; the findings of an analysis of the content of the political manifestos of 40 parties; the replies by 15 members of the intellectual elite to a special opinion poll on 'Russia and the West'; press material on reciprocal economic and political relations between Russia and the West.' (extract

Working Paper

this paper is to analyze the socio-economic situation in military R&D institutes in the context of demilitarization in Russia. By 1985, the USSR was a country where the major social institutions were primarily subjected to the Soviet State's military-strategic priorities. The Soviet Union possessed a great army which was superior to its economic possibilities and real national interests. This army was placed under the command of the ruling elite of the CPSU and was manned on the principle of universal military service. From an economic perspective, militarization can be characterized by a considerable share of the expenditure of the State budget, in the huge military-industrial complex (MIC), in the idleness of very great mobilization capacities during peace time and, accordingly, in the under-developed consumer sector. From a political perspective, militarization resulted in the military authorities' considerable influence on domestic and foreign decision-making, in the stationing of great contingents of Soviet armed forces abroad, and in the orientation towards forced suppression of political opponents inside the country and abroad. From an ideological perspective, militarism reflected itself in implanting in the consciousness of the population "the enemy image" (meaning world capitalism and Zionism), in cultivating the necessity of being constantly ready for the coming war, in spreading the Messiah idea of carrying Communist beliefs to other countries even by force, and in the concept of class struggle permitting civil war. From an educational perspective, it was taken for granted that everyone should participate in a course of primary military training and university students should have participated in a military course at special military departments and obtained ..

Police Reform

ISSN:1863-042

Defence Industry Transformation in Russia: Evidence from a Longitudinal Survey

The article is devoted to the new phenomena in the market transformation of the Russian defence-industrial complex. Based on the data generated by the repeated survey of the CEOs (general directors) of defence enterprises in 1995‐99, it examines economic performance of enterprises, their conflicts with the government and efforts at internal restructuring brought about by reductions of Russia's defence spending, mass privatisation and opening up of the domestic market. We found that despite the dramatic reduction in defence orders, inconsistent government policies and extremely unfavourable macroeconomic environment, the Russian defence industry has made significant progress in its adjustment to the market. Even before the devaluation of the ruble in the autumn of 1998 economic performance of defence enterprises had been gradually improving; it entered a virtual boom since then. Contrary to widely held views, the painful experience of the 1990s has not made the top managers of the defence industry more hostile to reforms: at the end of the decade they were generally more supportive of the market than in 1995.

Ansichten der Elite Russlands ueber den Westen im Kontext der Systemtransformation

'Das Verhaeltnis der Elite Russlands zum Westen ist ein Problem, das bereits einige Jahrhunderte lang aktuell ist und in den verschiedenen Phasen der Geschichte seine jeewilige Spezifik hatte, die von der aussen- und innenpolitischen Situation abhing. Doch bei allen historischen Veraenderungen ist eines konstant geblieben: Die Frage nach dem Verhaeltnis zum Westen war mit dem Kampf der verschiedenen politischen Parteien und Gruppen verbunden. Im 19. Jahrhundert waren dies die 'Westler' und die 'Slawophilen', 1998 sind es die 'Kommunisten' und 'Demokraten'. Konstant bleibt auch die 'Plattform' des Kampfes, d.h. der Problemkreis, um den sich der politische Kampf dreht. Der Bericht basiert auf verschiedenen Informationsquellen. Dies sind Ergebnisse der Meinungsumfrage von 200 Vertretern der Elite ueber die Entwicklungswege Russlands im Kontext seines Verhaeltnisses zum Westen; die Ergebnisse einer Kontentanalyse politischer Programme von 40 Parteien; Antworten von 15 Vertretern der intellektuellen Elite auf eine spezielle Meinungsumfrage 'Russland und der Westen'; Pressematerialien ueber die wirtschaftlichen und politischen Wechselbeziehungen zwischen Russland und dem Westen.' (Textauszug)'The Russian elite's relationship with the West is a problem that has already been ongoing for several centuries and has taken on different specific characteristics in the various phases of history, depending on the domestic and international political situation at the time. But for all the changes it has undergone in the course of history, one thing has remained the same: the question as to the correct relationship with the West has always been linked with the struggle between the various political parties and groups of the day. In the 19th century these were the 'Westernizers' and the 'Slavophiles', in 1998 they are the 'Communists' and the 'Democrats'. Another thing that has remained constant is the 'platform' for that struggle, i.e. the gamut of problems around which the political battle circles. The report is based on various information sources. These comprise the results of an opinion poll conduced among 200 representatives of the elite on questions concerning the possible courses of Russia's developemnt in the context of its relationship with the West; the findings of an analysis of the content of the political manifestos of 40 parties; the replies by 15 members of the intellectual elite to a special opinion poll on 'Russia and the West'; press material on reciprocal economic and political relations between Russia and the West.' (extract)SIGLEAvailable from UuStB Koeln(38)-990106063 / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDEGerman