Dynamic Mechanisms Regulating the Success of Kicking Pullovers

学位の種別: 課程博士審査委員会委員 : （主査）東京大学教授 深代 千之, 東京大学教授 福井 尚志, 東京大学准教授 柳原 大, 東京大学准教授 工藤 和俊, 東京大学准教授 吉岡 伸輔University of Tokyo(東京大学

歩行者保護規制用脚部衝撃子の開発

取得学位：博士(工学)，学位授与番号：博甲第730号，学位授与年月日：平成17年3月22

Residual Stress Assessment in Japanese FFS Code for Pressure Equipment, HPIS Z101

ABSTRACT The High Pressure Institute of Japan published the first edition of Fitness for Service Assessment Procedure in 2001, HPIS Z101. Z101 is currently being revised and updated including the addition of Level 2 Assessment which involves more detailed evaluation regarding the structural integrity of cracked pressure vessels or piping systems than Level 1 Assessment. One of the notable revisions of Level 1 and the additions in Level 2 are the weld residual stress assessment of welded components. In the Level 1 assessment, the simplified residual stress distribution was defined in the current version. After publishing the current version, the committee has made an additional investigation into the residual stress assessment in existing FFS codes such as R6 and API 579 and has also compared the data in the technical literature on residual stress. The existent FFS code contains a certain degree of safety in residual stress assessment by making conservative structural integrity assessments for cracked pressure vessels and piping to prevent unexpected failure. However, the definition of residual stress profiles on the surface is controversial. In addition, some simplified definitions in the FFS codes do not always evaluate the measured weld residual stress safely. In this paper, the contradictions and controversial issues regarding weld residual stress distributions are discussed. Furthermore, the draft of revised Z101 is explained

Curative two-stage resection for synchronous triple cancers of the esophagus, colon, and liver: Report of a case

AbstractIntroductionCases of synchronous triple cancers of the esophagus and other organs curatively resected are rare.Presentation of caseA 73-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with bloody feces. He was diagnosed with synchronous triple cancers of the esophagus, colon, and liver. We selected a two-stage operation to safely achieve curative resection for all three cancers. The first stage of the operation comprised a laparoscopy-assisted sigmoidectomy and partial liver resection via open surgery. The patient was discharged without complications. Thirty days later, he was readmitted and thoracoscopic esophagectomy was performed. Although pneumonia-induced pulmonary aspiration occurred as a postoperative complication, it was treated conservatively. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 24.DiscussionEsophagectomy is a highly invasive procedure; thus, simultaneous surgery for plural organs, including the esophagus, may induce life-threatening, severe complications. Two-stage surgery is useful in reducing surgical stress in high-risk patients. For synchronous multiple cancers, the planning of two-stage surgery should be considered for each cancer to maintain organ function and reduce the stress and difficulty of each stage.ConclusionWe successfully treated synchronous triple cancers, including esophageal cancer, by a two-stage operation

Investigating representative whole spinal alignments in a car occupant posture

AbstractIntroductionInjury mechanisms for Whiplash associated disorders (WAD), caused by rear-end car accidents, are not fully understood. Previous studies have demonstrated cervical vertebral kinematics are influenced by both cervical spinal alignment [1-2] and interaction between thoracolumbar spine and seatback [3]. However, whole spinal alignment has not been well analysed for car occupants [4], despite its importance for WAD-injury mechanisms. Therefore, our aim is to investigate representative whole spinal alignments for male and female occupants.MethodsThe spinal column was scanned for eight female and seven male subjects in one occupant posture using an upright open magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system. The wooden plate seat (seatback angle of 20 degrees) was designed to obtain a seating posture similar to previous rear impact sled tests [5]. The spinal alignment from C2 to sacrum was defined with the centres of the vertebral bodies obtained in the MRI data, and normalised by C2-sacrum length.Spinal alignment patterns were investigated with Multi-Dimensional Scaling (MDS) [6], identifying the two MDS dimensions with largest inter-subject variance. On the 50% probability ellipsoid, four spinal alignments were calculated based on weighted average of all subjects to describe the MDS dimension (Figure1b-e). Average gender specific spinal alignments were estimated at the average point on the distribution map for female and male subjects, separately.ResultsLimiting the MDS to two dimensions captured 87% of total inter-subject variance. The spinal alignments along the two MDS dimension are illustrated in Figures 1b and c with minor differences along the 2nd MDS dimension. Variance along the 1st MDS dimension, shifted from a slightly kyphotic cervical and less-kyphotic thoracolumbar spine to a lordotic cervical and more pronounced kyphotic thoracolumbar spine. \ua0All female subjects except one had slightly kyphotic cervical and thoracolumbar spine (Figure1b). Male subjects had large variance in spinal alignment, ranging from a slightly kyphotic spine to a lordotic cervical and pronounced kyphotic thoracolumbar spine. Average gender specific spinal alignments were estimated in Figure 1d; a slightly kyphotic or almost straight cervical and less-kyphotic thoracolumbar spine for females, and a lordotic cervical and more pronounced kyphotic thoracolumbar spine for males.DiscussionThere was a prominent relationship showing that cervical lordosis occurred together with pronounced thoracolumbar kyphosis. This was reflected in the estimated average gender specific spinal alignments. This study showed substantial difference in spinal alignment between males and females, with smaller variance for female subject than male subjects. These differences may explain some of the difference in WAD injury risk seen in real-world data.AcknowledgementsJSPS KAKENHI 16KK0137.\ua0References1. Maiman(2002). Neurosurgery, 97:57-62.2. Stemper(2005). J Biomech, 38(6):1313-1323.3. Sato(2010). IRCOBI, p41-58.4. Chabert(1998). ESV, p2072-2079.5. Ono(2006). IRCOBI, p103-113.6. Cox(2000). Multidimensional Scaling.Conference website: www.wcb2018.co

Endoscopic Treatment of Sinonasal Glomangiopericytoma: A Case Report in Light of the Literature

A 71-year-old Japanese male patient presented with a rare case of Glomangiopericytoma (GPC) of the left nasal with obstruction. Complete resection with endoscopic surgery was performed. Immunohistochemical staining for smooth muscle actin, β catenin, cyclin D1, vimentin, and factor 13 were helpful in establishing a definitive diagnosis. Extranasal treatment has been traditionally performed for successful management. However, recent advances in endoscopic treatment have enabled complete endoscopic resection of GPC, minimizing morbidity and facilitating subsequent surveillance for recurrence. Endoscopic management should be considered in suitable cases

The great melting pot. Common sole population connectivity assessed by otolith and water fingerprints

Quantifying the scale and importance of individual dispersion between populations and life stages is a key challenge in marine ecology. The common sole (Solea solea), an important commercial flatfish in the North Sea, Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, has a marine pelagic larval stage, a benthic juvenile stage in coastal nurseries (lagoons, estuaries or shallow marine areas) and a benthic adult stage in deeper marine waters on the continental shelf. To date, the ecological connectivity among these life stages has been little assessed in the Mediterranean. Here, such an assessment is provided for the first time for the Gulf of Lions, NW Mediterranean, based on a dataset on otolith microchemistry and stable isotopic composition as indicators of the water masses inhabited by individual fish. Specifically, otolith Ba/Ca and Sr/Ca profiles, and delta C-13 and delta O-18 values of adults collected in four areas of the Gulf of Lions were compared with those of young-of-the-year collected in different coastal nurseries. Results showed that a high proportion of adults (>46%) were influenced by river inputs during their larval stage. Furthermore Sr/Ca ratios and the otolith length at one year of age revealed that most adults (similar to 70%) spent their juvenile stage in nurseries with high salinity, whereas the remainder used brackish environments. In total, data were consistent with the use of six nursery types, three with high salinity (marine areas and two types of highly saline lagoons) and three brackish (coastal areas near river mouths, and two types of brackish environments), all of which contributed to the replenishment of adult populations. These finding implicated panmixia in sole population in the Gulf of Lions and claimed for a habitat integrated management of fisherie