Evaluation of the turbulent kinetic dissipation rate in an agitated vessel

The design of agitated tanks depends on operating conditions and processes for that are used for. An important parameter for the scale-up modelling is the dissipation rate of the turbulent kinetic energy. The dissipation rate is commonly assumed to be a function of the impeller power input. But this approach gives no information about distribution of the dissipation rate inside the agitated volume. In this paper the distributions of the dissipation rate inside the agitated vessels are estimated by evaluations of the CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics). The results obtained from RANS (Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes equations) k-ε turbulent model and LES (Large Eddy Simulations) with Smagorinsky SGS (Sub Grid Scale) model are compared. The agitated vessels with standard geometry equipped with four baffles and stirred by either a standard Rushton turbine or a high shear impeller were investigated. The results are compared with mean dissipation rate estimated from the total impeller power input

Flow behaviour and local concentration of coarse particles-water mixture in inclined pipes

Narrow particle size distribution basalt pebbles of mean particle size 11.5 mm conveyed by water in the pipe sections of different inclination were investigated on an experimental pipe loop, consisting of smooth stainless steel pipes of inner diameter D = 100 mm. Mixture flow-behaviour and particles motion along the pipe invert were studied in a pipe viewing section, the concentration distribution in pipe cross-section was studied with the application of a gamma-ray densitometer. The study refers to the effect of mixture velocity, overall concentration, and angle of pipe inclination on chord-averaged concentration profiles and local concentration maps, and flow behaviour of the coarse particle-water mixtures. The study revealed that the coarse particle-water mixtures in the inclined pipe sections were significantly stratified, the solid particles moved principally close to the pipe invert, and for higher and moderate flow velocities particle saltation becomes the dominant mode of particle conveying

Experimental investigation of coarse particle conveying in pipes

The advanced knowledge of particle-water mixture flow behaviour is important for safe, reliable, and economical design and operation of the freight pipelines. The effect of the mixture velocity and concentration on the coarse particle – water mixtures flow behaviour was experimentally investigated on an experimental pipe loop of inner diameter D = 100 mm with horizontal, vertical, and inclined pipe sections. Narrow particle size distribution basalt pebbles were used as model of coarse-grained solid particles. The radiometric method was used to measure particle concentration distribution in pipe cross-section. Mixture flow behaviour and particles motion along the pipe invert were studied in a pipe viewing section. The study revealed that the coarse particlewater mixtures in the horizontal and inclined pipe sections were significantly stratified. The particles moved principally in a layer close to the pipe invert. However, for higher and moderate flow velocities the particles moved also in the central part of the pipe cross-section, and particle saltation was found to be dominant mode of particle conveying

Experimental investigation of coarse particle conveying in pipes

The advanced knowledge of particle-water mixture flow behaviour is important for safe, reliable, and economical design and operation of the freight pipelines. The effect of the mixture velocity and concentration on the coarse particle – water mixtures flow behaviour was experimentally investigated on an experimental pipe loop of inner diameter D = 100 mm with horizontal, vertical, and inclined pipe sections. Narrow particle size distribution basalt pebbles were used as model of coarse-grained solid particles. The radiometric method was used to measure particle concentration distribution in pipe cross-section. Mixture flow behaviour and particles motion along the pipe invert were studied in a pipe viewing section. The study revealed that the coarse particlewater mixtures in the horizontal and inclined pipe sections were significantly stratified. The particles moved principally in a layer close to the pipe invert. However, for higher and moderate flow velocities the particles moved also in the central part of the pipe cross-section, and particle saltation was found to be dominant mode of particle conveying

Droplets size evolution of dispersion in a stirred tank

Dispersion of two immiscible liquids is commonly used in chemical industry as wall as in metallurgical industry e. g. extraction process. The governing property is droplet size distribution. The droplet sizes are given by the physical properties of both liquids and flow properties inside a stirred tank. The first investigation stage is focused on in-situ droplet size measurement using image analysis and optimizing of the evaluation method to achieve maximal result reproducibility. The obtained experimental results are compared with multiphase flow simulation based on Euler-Euler approach combined with PBM (Population Balance Modelling). The population balance model was, in that specific case, simplified with assumption of pure breakage of droplets

Effect of pipe inclination on flow behaviour of fine-grained settling slurry

The effect of flow parameters of fine-grained settling slurry on the pressure drop-velocity relationship, deposition limit velocity and local concentration distribution was studied in an experimental pipe loop of inner diameter D = 100 mm with inclinable pipe sections for pipe inclination ranging from – 45° to +45°. The slurry consisted from water and narrow particle size distribution glass beads of mean diameter d50 = 0.18 mm. The concentration distribution was studied with application of a gamma-ray densitometry. The deposition velocity was defined as the flow velocity at which stationary deposit started to be formed at the pipe invert. The study revealed the stratified flow pattern of the studied slurry in inclined pipe sections, for slurry velocities below to the deposition limit sliding or stationary bed were created in ascending pipe sections. For low pipe inclination (α < ± 25°) the effect of inclination on local concentration distribution was not significant. Mean transport concentration for descending flow was lower than that for the ascending flow Deposition limit in inclined pipe was slightly lower than that in horizontal pipe. Frictional pressure drops in ascending pipe were higher than that in descending pipe, the difference decreased with increasing velocity and inclination

Evaluation of the turbulent kinetic dissipation rate in an agitated vessel

The design of agitated tanks depends on operating conditions and processes for that are used for. An important parameter for the scale-up modelling is the dissipation rate of the turbulent kinetic energy. The dissipation rate is commonly assumed to be a function of the impeller power input. But this approach gives no information about distribution of the dissipation rate inside the agitated volume. In this paper the distributions of the dissipation rate inside the agitated vessels are estimated by evaluations of the CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics). The results obtained from RANS (Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes equations) k-ε turbulent model and LES (Large Eddy Simulations) with Smagorinsky SGS (Sub Grid Scale) model are compared. The agitated vessels with standard geometry equipped with four baffles and stirred by either a standard Rushton turbine or a high shear impeller were investigated. The results are compared with mean dissipation rate estimated from the total impeller power input

Effect of pipe inclination on flow behaviour of fine-grained settling slurry

The effect of flow parameters of fine-grained settling slurry on the pressure drop-velocity relationship, deposition limit velocity and local concentration distribution was studied in an experimental pipe loop of inner diameter D = 100 mm with inclinable pipe sections for pipe inclination ranging from – 45° to +45°. The slurry consisted from water and narrow particle size distribution glass beads of mean diameter d50 = 0.18 mm. The concentration distribution was studied with application of a gamma-ray densitometry. The deposition velocity was defined as the flow velocity at which stationary deposit started to be formed at the pipe invert. The study revealed the stratified flow pattern of the studied slurry in inclined pipe sections, for slurry velocities below to the deposition limit sliding or stationary bed were created in ascending pipe sections. For low pipe inclination (α < ± 25°) the effect of inclination on local concentration distribution was not significant. Mean transport concentration for descending flow was lower than that for the ascending flow Deposition limit in inclined pipe was slightly lower than that in horizontal pipe. Frictional pressure drops in ascending pipe were higher than that in descending pipe, the difference decreased with increasing velocity and inclination

Droplets size evolution of dispersion in a stirred tank

Dispersion of two immiscible liquids is commonly used in chemical industry as wall as in metallurgical industry e. g. extraction process. The governing property is droplet size distribution. The droplet sizes are given by the physical properties of both liquids and flow properties inside a stirred tank. The first investigation stage is focused on in-situ droplet size measurement using image analysis and optimizing of the evaluation method to achieve maximal result reproducibility. The obtained experimental results are compared with multiphase flow simulation based on Euler-Euler approach combined with PBM (Population Balance Modelling). The population balance model was, in that specific case, simplified with assumption of pure breakage of droplets

Experimental investigation of coarse particle conveying in pipes

The advanced knowledge of particle-water mixture flow behaviour is important for safe, reliable, and economical design and operation of the freight pipelines. The effect of the mixture velocity and concentration on the coarse particle – water mixtures flow behaviour was experimentally investigated on an experimental pipe loop of inner diameter D = 100 mm with horizontal, vertical, and inclined pipe sections. Narrow particle size distribution basalt pebbles were used as model of coarse-grained solid particles. The radiometric method was used to measure particle concentration distribution in pipe cross-section. Mixture flow behaviour and particles motion along the pipe invert were studied in a pipe viewing section. The study revealed that the coarse particlewater mixtures in the horizontal and inclined pipe sections were significantly stratified. The particles moved principally in a layer close to the pipe invert. However, for higher and moderate flow velocities the particles moved also in the central part of the pipe cross-section, and particle saltation was found to be dominant mode of particle conveying