Underspecified beta reduction

For ambiguous sentences, traditional semantics construction produces large numbers of higher-order formulas,which must then be beta-reduced individually. Underspecified versions can produce compact descriptions of all readings, but it is not known how to perform beta reduction on these descriptions. We show how to do this using beta reduction constraints in the constraint language for lambda-structures (CLLS)

Emprendimiento digital femenino para el desarrollo social y económico: características y barreras en España

El presente estudio centra su atención en un tipo particular de emprendimiento: el emprendimiento digital iniciado por mujeres. Este tipo de creación de empresas tiene un interés particular por su alto impacto en el desarrollo económico y la dinamización de las economías desarrolladas; y en muchos casos además por su intensa orientación social. Aquí resulta especialmente relevante encontrar una paridad entre hombres y mujeres a la hora de emprender, ya que, de lo contrario, no se obtendría un desarrollo inclusivo, ni se explotaría todo el potencial emprendedor de una sociedad. Tras una descripción de las características particulares tanto del emprendimiento digital, como del femenino, se revisan las barreras a las que comúnmente se enfrenta cada uno de ellos. Mediante un estudio empírico, que logró recopilar la respuesta de 161 emprendedoras digitales en España, se procede a contrastar las barreras identificadas en la literatura con la realidad empresarial. Se pueden confirmar las dificultades que comúnmente enfrentan emprendimientos digitales, al igual que femeninos, en lo referente a las dificultades para encontrar financiación. Sin embargo, otras barreras, tales como el rol de la mujer en la familia, parecen tener menor relevancia en este tipo de emprendimientos. Finalmente, se ofrecen conclusiones generales, en las que se destacan los puntos de actuación para posibles políticas de fomento del emprendimiento digital femenino

Digital female entrepreneurship for social and economic development: characteristics and barriers in Spain

El presente estudio centra su atención en un tipo particular de emprendimiento: el emprendimiento digital iniciado por mujeres. Este tipo de creación de empresas tiene un interés particular por su alto impacto en el desarrollo económico y la dinamización de las economías desarrolladas; y en muchos casos además por su intensa orientación social. Aquí resulta especialmente relevante encontrar una paridad entre hombres y mujeres a la hora de emprender, ya que, de lo contrario, no se obtendría un desarrollo inclusivo, ni se explotaría todo el potencial emprendedor de una sociedad. Tras una descripción de las características particulares tanto del emprendimiento digital, como del femenino, se revisan las barreras a las que comúnmente se enfrenta cada uno de ellos. Mediante un estudio empírico, que logró recopilar la respuesta de 161 emprendedoras digitales en España, se procede a contrastar las barreras identificadas en la literatura con la realidad empresarial. Se pueden confirmar las dificultades que comúnmente enfrentan emprendimientos digitales, al igual que femeninos, en lo referente a las dificultades para encontrar financiación. Sin embargo, otras barreras, tales como el rol de la mujer en la familia, parecen tener menor relevancia en este tipo de emprendimientos. Finalmente, se ofrecen conclusiones generales, en las que se destacan los puntos de actuación para posibles políticas de fomento del emprendimiento digital femenino.This study focuses on a particular type of entrepreneurship. Digital entrepreneurship initiated by women. This type of business creation is of particular interest because of its high impact on economic development and the dynamization of developed economies, in many cases with relevant social orientation. Here it is especially relevant to find parity between men and women when it comes to entrepreneurship, since otherwise, inclusive development would not be achieved, nor would all the entrepreneurial potential of a society be exploited. After a description of the particular characteristics of both, digital and female entrepreneurship, we review the barriers that commonly face each of them. Through an empirical study, which compiled the responses of 161 digital entrepreneurs in Spain, we proceed to contrast the identified barriers in the literature with the business reality. The difficulties commonly faced by digital entrepreneurs can be confirmed, as well as those faced by women, in terms of difficulties in finding financing. However, other barriers, such as the role of women in the family, seem to have less relevance in this type of enterprises. Finally, general conclusions are offered, in which the points of action for possible policies to promote female digital entrepreneurship are highlighted.Escuela de Estudios CooperativosFac. de Ciencias Económicas y EmpresarialesTRUEpu

Valoración y análisis de una experiencia docente basada en la organización de una feria de estudiantes sobre la evolución del pensamiento administrativo

The study of the evolution of management theory forms part of business administration studies in the large majority of undergraduate business degrees; Experience suggests that it is a broad and complex topic, one which students sometimes have difficulty to understand thoroughly; As a result, this activity has been developed both to improve student’s understanding, and to develop the skills and capabilities specified in the syllabus; The objective of the activity is for the student to be able to comprehend and analyse the different theories that form part of administrative thought, and understand their importance as cornerstones in administrative science;El desarrollo del pensamiento administrativo es un capítulo de la asignatura Administración de Empresas que pertenece al primer curso de los grados en administración y dirección de empresas de la mayoría de las carreras relativas al estudio de la empresa. La experiencia demuestra que se trata de un tema bastante complejo, extenso y difícil de asimilar por los estudiantes por lo que esta actividad se propone para ayudar al alumno a su mejor comprensión y que, al mismo tiempo, pueda desarrollar las competencias generales y específicas establecidas en la asignatura. Con esta experiencia docente se pretende que el alumno sea capaz de analizar y comprender, de forma innovadora, las principales teorías que forman parte de la evolución del pensamiento administrativo y perciban su importancia a la hora de sentar las bases de la ciencia de la administración

Outcomes of early switching from intravenous to oral antibiotics on medical wards

Objectives To evaluate outcomes following implementation of a checklist with criteria for switching from intravenous (iv) to oral antibiotics on unselected patients on two general medical wards. Methods During a 12 month intervention study, a printed checklist of criteria for switching on the third day of iv treatment was placed in the medical charts. The decision to switch was left to the discretion of the attending physician. Outcome parameters of a 4 month control phase before intervention were compared with the equivalent 4 month period during the intervention phase to control for seasonal confounding (before-after study; April to July of 2006 and 2007, respectively): 250 episodes (215 patients) during the intervention period were compared with the control group of 176 episodes (162 patients). The main outcome measure was the duration of iv therapy. Additionally, safety, adherence to the checklist, reasons against switching patients and antibiotic cost were analysed during the whole year of the intervention (n = 698 episodes). Results In 38% (246/646) of episodes of continued iv antibiotic therapy, patients met all criteria for switching to oral antibiotics on the third day, and 151/246 (61.4%) were switched. The number of days of iv antibiotic treatment were reduced by 19% (95% confidence interval 9%-29%, P = 0.001; 6.0-5.0 days in median) with no increase in complications. The main reasons against switching were persisting fever (41%, n = 187) and absence of clinical improvement (41%, n = 185). Conclusions On general medical wards, a checklist with bedside criteria for switching to oral antibiotics can shorten the duration of iv therapy without any negative effect on treatment outcome. The criteria were successfully applied to all patients on the wards, independently of the indication (empirical or directed treatment), the type of (presumed) infection, the underlying disease or the group of antibiotics being use

Assessment of allostasis and of the allostatic load as a control tool of the training

La Alostasis se define como la estabilidad como consecuencia del cambio (McEween (2006). En el deporte existen varios elementos que dificultan la expresión maximal de acciones técnicas y tácticas debidas a desequilibrios funcionales o emocionales. El conocer estos elementos desequilibradores y las herramientas para adecuar sus respuestas es una de las principales lineas de investigación en las ciencias del deporte

Design and methodology of the Swiss Transplant Cohort Study (STCS): a comprehensive prospective nationwide long-term follow-up cohort

In Switzerland, organ procurement is well organized at the national-level but transplant outcomes have not been systematically monitored so far. Therefore, a novel project, the Swiss Transplant Cohort Study (STCS), was established. The STCS is a prospective multicentre study, designed as a dynamic cohort, which enrolls all solid organ recipients at the national level. The features of the STCS are a flexible patient-case system that allows capturing all transplant scenarios and collection of patient-specific and allograft-specific data. Beyond comprehensive clinical data, specific focus is directed at psychosocial and behavioral factors, infectious disease development, and bio-banking. Between May 2008 and end of 2011, the six Swiss transplant centers recruited 1,677 patients involving 1,721 transplantations, and a total of 1,800 organs implanted in 15 different transplantation scenarios. 10% of all patients underwent re-transplantation and 3% had a second transplantation, either in the past or during follow-up. 34% of all kidney allografts originated from living donation. Until the end of 2011 we observed 4,385 infection episodes in our patient population. The STCS showed operative capabilities to collect high-quality data and to adequately reflect the complexity of the post-transplantation process. The STCS represents a promising novel project for comparative effectiveness research in transplantation medicin

3D printing of cubic zirconia lattice supports for hydrogen production

The demand for hydrogen has extraordinarily grown during the last years, being one of the most attractive forms of fuels to produce green energy. Cubic zirconia ceramics are considered promising catalytic supports, and the additive manufacturing of porous 3D structures based on these ceramics could enhance their catalytic performance. Herein, lightweight highly porous (up to 88%) 3D patterned 8 mol% yttria-stabilized cubic zirconia (8YSZ) scaffolds are manufactured by robocasting from pseudoplastic aqueous-based inks to produce catalytic supports for the hydrogen (H2) production. These scaffolds are thermally treated at temperatures ranging between 1000 and 1400 ◦C and, hence, mechanically and electrically characterized. 3D 8YSZ structures sintered at 1200 ◦C, with an appropriate balance between high porosity (86%) and compressive strength (3.7 MPa), are impregnated with palladium (Pd) catalytic nanoparticles and employed in the catalytic dehydrogenation of renewable formic acid (FA) using a fixed-bed reactor. 3D Pd/8YSZ catalyst leads to the continuous production of CO-free H2 with a FA conversion of 32% at T =55 ◦CThis work was supported by the Spanish Government through RTI2018-095052-B-I00, PID2019-105079RB-I00 (MICINN/AEI/FEDER, UE), PID2021-125427OB-I00 (MICINN/AEI/FEDER, UE) and EIN2020- 112153 (MCINN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033) projects, the latter also supported by the European Union through “NextGenerationEU/ PRTR”. M. Koller gratefully acknowledges funding within “Support for International Mobility of Researchers of the Institute of Thermomechanics, Czech Academy of Sciences, part II”, no. CZ.02.2.69/0.0/ 0.0/18_053/0017555 of the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic funded from the European Structure and Investment Funds (ESIF). G. Vega acknowledges the Universidad Aut´onoma de Madrid for the Predoctoral contract. The authors thank J. Mejía for her permanent technical assistance in the catalytic experiment

Impact of polymorphisms in transporter and metabolizing enzyme genes on olanzapine pharmacokinetics and safety in healthy volunteers

Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic widely used for the treatment of schizophrenia, which often causes serious adverse drug reactions. Currently, there are no clinical guidelines implementing pharmacogenetic information on olanzapine. Moreover, the Dutch Pharmacogenomics Working Group (DPWG) states that CYP2D6 phenotype is not related to olanzapine response or side effects. Thus, the objective of this candidate-gene study was to investigate the effect of 72 polymorphisms in 21 genes on olanzapine pharmacokinetics and safety, including transporters (e.g. ABCB1, ABCC2, SLC22A1), receptors (e.g. DRD2, HTR2C), and enzymes (e.g. UGT, CYP and COMT), in a cohort of healthy volunteers. Polymorphisms in CYP2C9, SLC22A1, ABCB1, ABCC2, and APOC3 were related to olanzapine pharmacokinetic variability. The incidence of adverse reactions was related to several genes: palpitations to ABCB1 and SLC22A1, asthenia to ABCB1, somnolence to DRD2 and ABCB1, and dizziness to CYP2C9. However, further studies in patients are warranted to confirm the influence of these genetic polymorphisms on olanzapine pharmacokinetics and tolerability.D. Koller is financed by the H2020 Marie Sklodowska-Curie Innovative Training Network721236 grant. Marcos Navares-G´omez is cofinaneced by the European Social Fund and the Youth European Initiative, grant number PEJ-2018-TL/MD-1108